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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Wright's stain 68988-92-1 C36H24Br4ClN3Na2O5S
    Wright's stain
    —— Pepsin from Porcine Stomach 9001-75-6 C18H23N3O
    Pepsin from Porcine Stomach
    —— tert-butyl [2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamate 864539-93-5 C13H18FNO3
    tert-butyl [2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamate
    —— Mayzent 2768181-14-0 C29H35F3N2O3
    Mayzent
    —— 9-(5-Deoxy-α-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenin 72-90-2 C10H13N5O3
    9-(5-Deoxy-α-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenin
    —— 2170848-99-2 C10H8BFO5.2Na
    —— (4E,6E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-8-Hydroxy-4,6,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid 90780-54-4 C22H32O3
    (4E,6E,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-8-Hydroxy-4,6,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid
    —— (S)-N-((3R,4S,5S)-1-((S)-2-((1R,2R)-3-(((S)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-azidopropyl-2-yl)amino)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl)-2-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbutyrylamino)-N,3-dimethylbutyrylamine 2124210-34-8 C40H69N9O6
    (S)-N-((3R,4S,5S)-1-((S)-2-((1R,2R)-3-(((S)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-azidopropyl-2-yl)amino)-1-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxopropyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl)-2-((S)-2-(dimethylamino)-3-methylbutyrylamino)-N,3-dimethylbutyrylamine
    —— FD+C Red No. 3 16423-68-0 C20H8I4NaO5+
    FD+C Red No. 3
    —— (2R)-3-Amino-2-{[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}-6-phenylhex-5-enoic acid 332064-75-2 C27H25NO4
    (2R)-3-Amino-2-{[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}-6-phenylhex-5-enoic acid
    —— (Des-Gly10,Des-Ser4,D-Leu6,Pro-NHEt9)-LHRH 267878-61-5 C56H79N15O10
    (Des-Gly10,Des-Ser4,D-Leu6,Pro-NHEt9)-LHRH
    —— Polygalasaponin XXXI 79103-90-5 C75H112O36
    Polygalasaponin XXXI
    —— Delphinidin-3-glucoside-chloride 6906-38-3 C21H21O12*Cl
    Delphinidin-3-glucoside-chloride
    —— potassium;(4S)-4-amino-5-dodecanoyloxy-5-oxopentanoate 89187-78-0 C17H30KNO5
    potassium;(4S)-4-amino-5-dodecanoyloxy-5-oxopentanoate
    —— Boc-D-allo-isoleucinol 106946-74-1 C11H23NO3
    Boc-D-allo-isoleucinol
    —— Mitiperstat 1933460-19-5 C15H15ClN4OS
    Mitiperstat
    —— (2R)-3-Amino-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-6-phenylhex-5-enoic acid 332064-73-0 C17H23NO4
    (2R)-3-Amino-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-6-phenylhex-5-enoic acid
    —— [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(1R,3R,4R,5S,8S)-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1R,3S,4R,5S,8S)-3-hydroxy-4-sulfonatooxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-3-sulfonatooxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-4-sulfonatooxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] sulfate 9062-07-1 C24H34O31S4-4
    [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(1R,3R,4R,5S,8S)-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1R,3S,4R,5S,8S)-3-hydroxy-4-sulfonatooxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-3-sulfonatooxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-4-sulfonatooxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] sulfate
    —— Atractyloside sodium salt 100938-11-2 C30H44Na2O16S2
    Atractyloside sodium salt
    —— Diaquatetrachloro(mu-(N-ethyl-N-((perfluorohexyl)sulfonyl)glycinato-O1:O1'))-mu-hydroxybis(2-propanol)dichromium 68891-98-5 C16H32Cl4Cr2F13NO9S
    Diaquatetrachloro(mu-(N-ethyl-N-((perfluorohexyl)sulfonyl)glycinato-O1:O1'))-mu-hydroxybis(2-propanol)dichromium
    —— 2-[(3,5-Difluorophenyl)formamido]acetic acid 923691-92-3 C9H7F2NO3
    2-[(3,5-Difluorophenyl)formamido]acetic acid
    —— Ile-Ala 24787-73-3 C9H18N2O3
    Ile-Ala
    —— homoserine sodium salt 196950-52-4 C4H9NO3*(x)ClH
    homoserine sodium salt
    —— [(1S,3R,18S,19R,20R,21R,22S,23R,24S,25R,26S)-19,22,23-triacetyloxy-21-(acetyloxymethyl)-25,26-dihydroxy-3,15,26-trimethyl-6,16-dioxo-2,5,17-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[16.7.1.01,21.03,24.07,12]hexacosa-7(12),8,10-trien-20-yl] benzoate 128397-42-2 C41H47NO17
    [(1S,3R,18S,19R,20R,21R,22S,23R,24S,25R,26S)-19,22,23-triacetyloxy-21-(acetyloxymethyl)-25,26-dihydroxy-3,15,26-trimethyl-6,16-dioxo-2,5,17-trioxa-11-azapentacyclo[16.7.1.01,21.03,24.07,12]hexacosa-7(12),8,10-trien-20-yl] benzoate
    —— Pseudouridin 1445-07-4 C9H12N2O6
    Pseudouridin
    —— (S)-3-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)-2-(2-(2-isobutyramido-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-9H-purin-9-yl)acetamido)propyl (2-cyanoethyl) diisopropylphosphoramidite 1280548-97-1 C44H55N8O8P
    (S)-3-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)-2-(2-(2-isobutyramido-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-9H-purin-9-yl)acetamido)propyl (2-cyanoethyl) diisopropylphosphoramidite
    —— Tak-041 1929519-13-0 C18H15F3N4O3
    Tak-041
    —— L-glutamic acid ; diammonium compound 7558-63-6 C5H7NO4*2H4N
    L-glutamic acid ; diammonium compound
    —— (2S)-3-Amino-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)butanoic acid 403661-85-8 C19H29NO4
    (2S)-3-Amino-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)butanoic acid
    —— 38916-42-6 C26H47NNaO10S
    —— {(2R,3S)-3-[Bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methoxy]-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethoxy}-tert-butyl-dimethyl-silane 401813-07-8 C32H42O5Si
    {(2R,3S)-3-[Bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methoxy]-tetrahydro-furan-2-ylmethoxy}-tert-butyl-dimethyl-silane
    —— 5-Brom-4-chlor-3-indolyl-β-D-glucopyranosid 7240-90-6 C14H15BrClNO6
    5-Brom-4-chlor-3-indolyl-β-D-glucopyranosid
    —— N-Aminomethyldopa 28860-95-9 C10H13N2O4-
    N-Aminomethyldopa
    —— (R)-6-Chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide 848193-69-1 C13H13ClN2O
    (R)-6-Chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-carboxamide
    —— Sodium N-(9-{6-[(butanoyloxy)methyl]-2-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-2lambda~5~-furo[3,4-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphol-4-yl}-9H-purin-6-yl)butanimidate 16980-89-5 C18H23N5NaO8P
    Sodium N-(9-{6-[(butanoyloxy)methyl]-2-hydroxy-2-oxotetrahydro-2H-2lambda~5~-furo[3,4-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphol-4-yl}-9H-purin-6-yl)butanimidate
    —— Potassium N-Cocoyl Glycinate 301341-58-2 C28H53KNO5+
    Potassium N-Cocoyl Glycinate
    —— 4-Amino-3-methoxypiperidine-ethylcarbamate 86717-62-6 C9H21N3O3
    4-Amino-3-methoxypiperidine-ethylcarbamate
    —— 2-Acetamido-4-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucose 35061-50-8 C16H28N2O11
    2-Acetamido-4-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-D-glucose
    —— CID 154831908 74170-32-4 C27H43NO3
    CID 154831908
    —— 5-Chloro-3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one 186611-56-3 C15H13ClN2O
    5-Chloro-3-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene)-1,3-dihydro-indol-2-one
    —— 170492-24-7 C7H11NNaO6
    —— Uridine 5'-diphosphogalactose disodium salt 137868-52-1 C15H22N2Na2O17P2
    Uridine 5'-diphosphogalactose disodium salt
    —— N-(4-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-yl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 66642-36-2 C15H14N2O4
    N-(4-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-yl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
    —— 4-benzamido-2,5-dimethoxybenzenediazonium;dichlorozinc;dichloride 14726-29-5 C15H14Cl4N3O3Zn-
    4-benzamido-2,5-dimethoxybenzenediazonium;dichlorozinc;dichloride
    —— β-Asp-Leu 14650-26-1 C10H18N2O5
    β-Asp-Leu
    —— 6-bromo-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-(piperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine 891495-88-8 C15H18BrN7
    6-bromo-3-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-(piperidin-3-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-amine
    —— H-Gly-Val-Glu-Ile-Asn-Val-Lys-Cys(1)-Ser-Gly-Ser-Pro-Gln-Cys(2)-Leu-Lys-Pro-Cys(3)-Lys-Asp-Ala-Gly-Met-Arg-Phe-Gly-Lys-Cys(1)-Met-Asn-Arg-Lys-Cys(2)-His-Cys(3)-Thr-Pro-Lys-OH 145199-73-1 C171H283N55O49S8
    H-Gly-Val-Glu-Ile-Asn-Val-Lys-Cys(1)-Ser-Gly-Ser-Pro-Gln-Cys(2)-Leu-Lys-Pro-Cys(3)-Lys-Asp-Ala-Gly-Met-Arg-Phe-Gly-Lys-Cys(1)-Met-Asn-Arg-Lys-Cys(2)-His-Cys(3)-Thr-Pro-Lys-OH
    —— (S)-3-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazole monomaleate 26921-17-5 C17H28N4O7S
    (S)-3-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazole monomaleate
    —— Disodium adenosine triphosphate 987-65-5 C10H16N5Na2O13P3+2
    Disodium adenosine triphosphate
    —— N-[5-[3-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[5-amino-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide 83512-85-0 C20H37N3O14
    N-[5-[3-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[5-amino-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide