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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-β-D-galactopyranosyloxy-benzaldehyde 618-65-5 C13H16O7
    2-β-D-galactopyranosyloxy-benzaldehyde
    —— (S)-2-(((1,1-dimethyl)ethoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-methyl-3-phenylpropanoic acid 53940-88-8 C15H21NO4
    (S)-2-(((1,1-dimethyl)ethoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-methyl-3-phenylpropanoic acid
    —— <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-seryl)-glycine ethyl ester 4526-93-6 C15H20N2O6
    <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-seryl)-glycine ethyl ester
    —— (3S,8S,10R,13R,17R)-3-chloro-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene 910-31-6 C27H45Cl
    (3S,8S,10R,13R,17R)-3-chloro-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene
    —— (2R)-2-[[(1S)-1-(2-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl)-2-[[(2S)-4-methyl-1-oxo-1-[(1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino]pentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]carbamoylamino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid 9076-44-2 C31H41N7O6
    (2R)-2-[[(1S)-1-(2-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl)-2-[[(2S)-4-methyl-1-oxo-1-[(1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino]pentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]carbamoylamino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid
    —— N-fluoropentachloropyridinium triflate 130433-70-4 CF3O3S*C5Cl5FN
    N-fluoropentachloropyridinium triflate
    —— (+)-sclareolide 564-20-5 C16H26O2
    (+)-sclareolide
    —— 5-Methyl-6-(4-pyridinyl)-2H-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridin-2-one 152633-54-0 C12H10N4O
    5-Methyl-6-(4-pyridinyl)-2H-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridin-2-one
    —— 2-(Naphthalene-1-sulfonamido)-3-phenylpropanoic acid 90291-46-6 C19H17NO4S
    2-(Naphthalene-1-sulfonamido)-3-phenylpropanoic acid
    —— 5(acute)-GTP trisodium salt 36051-31-7 C10H16N5Na3O14P3
    5(acute)-GTP trisodium salt
    —— tas-116 1260533-36-5 C25H26N8O
    tas-116
    —— arbutin 497-76-7 C12H16O7
    arbutin
    —— β-arbutin 497-76-7 C12H16O7
    β-arbutin
    —— Arbutin 497-76-7 C12H16O7
    Arbutin
    —— L-lysylglycine hydrochloride 40719-58-2 C8H17N3O3*ClH
    L-lysylglycine hydrochloride
    —— methyl (1S,15R,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1R,15E,18S)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    methyl (1S,15R,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1R,15E,18S)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate
    —— (+/-)-nootkatone 28834-25-5 C15H22O
    (+/-)-nootkatone
    —— Hydroxypropyl Betadex 128446-35-5 C60H106O40
    Hydroxypropyl Betadex
    —— D-serine benzyl ester hydrochloride 60022-62-0 C10H13NO3*ClH
    D-serine benzyl ester hydrochloride
    —— OligomycinC 11052-72-5 C45H74O10
    OligomycinC
    —— Adrabetadex 128446-35-5 C54H94O38
    Adrabetadex
    —— eleutheroside E 39432-56-9 C34H46O18
    eleutheroside E
    —— Alisol B acetate 26575-95-1 C32H50O5
    Alisol B acetate
    —— (2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 32449-98-2 C39H63NO11
    (2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Sucrose 57-50-1 C12H22O11
    Sucrose
    —— D-Galactopyranoside, D-fructofuranosyl 57-50-1 C12H22O11
    D-Galactopyranoside, D-fructofuranosyl
    —— 7β,15α-dihydroxy-3,11,23-trioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid 81907-62-2 C30H44O7
    7β,15α-dihydroxy-3,11,23-trioxo-5α-lanost-8-en-26-oic acid
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[[(1S,3S,4S,5S,8R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[[(1S,3R,4S,5S,8R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 9012-36-6 C24H38O19
    (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[[(1S,3S,4S,5S,8R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-[[(1S,3R,4S,5S,8R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (1R,2S,4S,5R,8R,12S,16R,19S,21S)-14-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6,19-trimethoxy-16-methyl-9,11-dioxa-14-azaheptacyclo[10.7.2.1~2,5~.0~1,13~.0~3,8~.0~8,12~.0~16,20~]docos-21-yl acetate (non-preferred name) 6836-11-9 C27H41NO8
    (1R,2S,4S,5R,8R,12S,16R,19S,21S)-14-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6,19-trimethoxy-16-methyl-9,11-dioxa-14-azaheptacyclo[10.7.2.1~2,5~.0~1,13~.0~3,8~.0~8,12~.0~16,20~]docos-21-yl acetate (non-preferred name)
    —— (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'R,4R,4aS,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,6R)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'R,4R,4aS,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,6R)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— 20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg<sub>2</sub> 52286-74-5 C42H72O13
    20(S)-ginsenoside-Rg<sub>2</sub>
    —— ginsenoside-Rg<sub>2</sub> 52286-74-5 C42H72O13
    ginsenoside-Rg<sub>2</sub>
    —— 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg2 52286-74-5 C42H72O13
    20(S)-ginsenoside Rg2
    —— Glc(a1-4)L-Glc(a1-4)L-Glc(a1-4)Glc 34612-38-9 C24H42O21
    Glc(a1-4)L-Glc(a1-4)L-Glc(a1-4)Glc
    —— piperanine 23512-46-1 C17H21NO3
    piperanine
    —— (1E,8E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene 6753-98-6 C15H24
    (1E,8E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene
    —— yamogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 14144-06-0 C33H52O8
    yamogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— Fmoc-β-HAsp(OBu<sup>t</sup>) 209252-17-5 C24H27NO6
    Fmoc-β-HAsp(OBu<sup>t</sup>)
    —— (2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2,4-dihydroxy-6-[(1R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid 131-48-6 C11H19NO9
    (2R,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2,4-dihydroxy-6-[(1R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS,12bR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid 1449-05-4 C30H46O4
    (2S,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aS,12bR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-13-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-icosahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— Trospium Chloride 10405-02-4 C25H30NO3*Cl
    Trospium Chloride
    —— methyl-4,6-O-phenylmethylene-α-D-mannopyranoside 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    methyl-4,6-O-phenylmethylene-α-D-mannopyranoside
    —— 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one,8-b-D-glucopyranosyl-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 3681-93-4 C21H20O10
    4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one,8-b-D-glucopyranosyl-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
    —— Vitexin 3681-93-4 C21H20O10
    Vitexin
    —— apigenin-8-C-glucoside 3681-93-4 C21H20O10
    apigenin-8-C-glucoside
    —— 2-Aminopentanedioic acid;sulfane 25513-46-6 C5H11NO4S
    2-Aminopentanedioic acid;sulfane
    —— 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime 23146-22-7 C15H9N3O
    11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one oxime
    —— MK-6892 917910-45-3 C19H22N4O5
    MK-6892
    —— <i>L</i>-<i>ribo</i>-2-deoxy-hexose 154-17-6 C6H12O5
    <i>L</i>-<i>ribo</i>-2-deoxy-hexose
    —— cyclo[DL-N(Me)Ile-D-OVal-N(Me)Ile-D-OVal-N(Me)Ile-D-OVal] 2503-13-1 C36H63N3O9
    cyclo[DL-N(Me)Ile-D-OVal-N(Me)Ile-D-OVal-N(Me)Ile-D-OVal]