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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— WAY-100635 maleate salt 634908-75-1 C29H38N4O6
    WAY-100635 maleate salt
    —— Ifenprodil hemitartrate 23210-58-4 C46H60N2O10
    Ifenprodil hemitartrate
    —— (1R,2S,5S)-3-((S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxylic acid 394735-37-6 C19H32N2O5
    (1R,2S,5S)-3-((S)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-(2-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl)-2-[[(2S)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1-[[(2S)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]carbamoylamino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid;(2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-(2-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl)-2-[[(2S,3S)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1-[[(2S)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]pentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]carbamoylamino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid;(2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-(2-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl)-2-[[(2S)-4-methyl-1-oxo-1-[[(2S)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]pentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]carbamoylamino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid 9076-44-2 C92H121N21O18
    (2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-(2-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl)-2-[[(2S)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1-[[(2S)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]carbamoylamino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid;(2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-(2-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl)-2-[[(2S,3S)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1-[[(2S)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]pentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]carbamoylamino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid;(2S)-2-[[(1S)-1-(2-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl)-2-[[(2S)-4-methyl-1-oxo-1-[[(2S)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]pentan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]carbamoylamino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid
    —— LHRH, ala(6)-gly(10)-ethylamide- 79561-22-1 C60H86N16O16
    LHRH, ala(6)-gly(10)-ethylamide-
    —— peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside 47729-58-8 C22H23O11
    peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside
    —— peonidin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside 47729-58-8 C22H23O11
    peonidin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside
    —— (-)-N-[4-(2,2-dimethylpropionyl)-5-(2-ethylaminoethanesulfonylaminomethyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide 546111-97-1 C23H37N5O4S2
    (-)-N-[4-(2,2-dimethylpropionyl)-5-(2-ethylaminoethanesulfonylaminomethyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamide
    —— (RS)-2-benzoylamino-2-benzyl-3-hydroxypropanoic acid 52421-48-4 C17H17NO4
    (RS)-2-benzoylamino-2-benzyl-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
    —— 4S-O<sup>4</sup>(t-butyl)-N1-(fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-D-proline 464193-92-8 C24H27NO5
    4S-O<sup>4</sup>(t-butyl)-N1-(fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl)-D-proline
    —— Fmoc-Y(SO3H) 181952-24-9 C24H21NO8S
    Fmoc-Y(SO3H)
    —— N,N'-bis-benzyloxycarbonyl cystine 6968-11-2 C22H24N2O8S2
    N,N'-bis-benzyloxycarbonyl cystine
    —— 2-[[(3-chloro-4-morpholino-pyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl]-5-methoxy-(1H)-benzimidazole 103949-62-8 C18H19ClN4O3S
    2-[[(3-chloro-4-morpholino-pyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl]-5-methoxy-(1H)-benzimidazole
    —— 7-Rhamnosidoquercetin 22007-72-3 C21H20O11
    7-Rhamnosidoquercetin
    —— methionyl-phenylalanine 14492-14-9 C14H20N2O3S
    methionyl-phenylalanine
    —— Biotinoyl tripeptide-1 299157-54-3 C24H38N8O6S
    Biotinoyl tripeptide-1
    —— N-((S)-1-(((S)-1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-1-oxo-3-((S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)propan-2-yl)amino)-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl)-4-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxamide 1471484-62-4 C30H33N5O5S
    N-((S)-1-(((S)-1-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-1-oxo-3-((S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)propan-2-yl)amino)-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl)-4-methoxy-1H-indole-2-carboxamide
    —— Aucubin 479-98-1 C15H22O9
    Aucubin
    —— aucubin 479-98-1 C15H22O9
    aucubin
    —— Luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosid 16290-07-6 C21H20O11
    Luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosid
    —— Kaempferol 7-b-D-glucopyranoside 16290-07-6 C21H20O11
    Kaempferol 7-b-D-glucopyranoside
    —— eupafolin 7-O-β-glucoside 569-90-4 C22H22O12
    eupafolin 7-O-β-glucoside
    —— quercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucoside 20229-56-5 C21H20O12
    quercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucoside
    —— 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one 20229-56-5 C21H20O12
    3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one
    —— (2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(2-nitrophenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol 369-07-3 C12H15NO8
    (2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(2-nitrophenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— β-<o-Nitrophenyl>-D-glucopyranosid 369-07-3 C12H15NO8
    β-<o-Nitrophenyl>-D-glucopyranosid
    —— β-<o-Nitrophenyl>-D-galactopyranosid 369-07-3 C12H15NO8
    β-<o-Nitrophenyl>-D-galactopyranosid
    —— [13C9,15N]-phenylalanine 878339-23-2 C9H11NO2
    [13C9,15N]-phenylalanine
    —— D-<i>O</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>;<i>O</i><sup>4</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-((<i>R,S</i>)-dibenzylidene)-galactitol 5349-07-5 C20H22O6
    D-<i>O</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>;<i>O</i><sup>4</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-((<i>R,S</i>)-dibenzylidene)-galactitol
    —— 7-Hydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavon-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosid 486-62-4 C22H22O9
    7-Hydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavon-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosid
    —— 4'-methoxyflavone-7-β-D-glucopyranoside 486-62-4 C22H22O9
    4'-methoxyflavone-7-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— Formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucosid 486-62-4 C22H22O9
    Formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucosid
    —— Ononin 486-62-4 C22H22O9
    Ononin
    —— 2-deoxy-L-ribose 533-67-5 C5H10O4
    2-deoxy-L-ribose
    —— acetylastragaloside I 84687-47-8 C47H74O17
    acetylastragaloside I
    —— Boc-Pro-Leu-OMe 15136-16-0 C17H30N2O5
    Boc-Pro-Leu-OMe
    —— 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)prolinate 3392-10-7 C14H20N2O6
    2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)prolinate
    —— (3β,6α,16β,20R,24S)-3-[(2,3-di-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-20,24-epoxy-16,25-dihydroxy-9,19-cyclolanostan-6-yl β-D-glucopyranoside 84680-75-1 C45H72O16
    (3β,6α,16β,20R,24S)-3-[(2,3-di-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-20,24-epoxy-16,25-dihydroxy-9,19-cyclolanostan-6-yl β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— cycloastragenol 84605-18-5 C30H50O5
    cycloastragenol
    —— tigogenin 3β-O-(β-D-glucopyranoside) 14835-43-9 C33H54O8
    tigogenin 3β-O-(β-D-glucopyranoside)
    —— BocGlu(OSu)OtBu 32886-55-8 C18H28N2O8
    BocGlu(OSu)OtBu
    —— (2S,3S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-methoxybutanoic acid 630424-73-6 C10H19NO5
    (2S,3S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-methoxybutanoic acid
    —— (6R,9R,12R)-6,9-dibenzyl-12-isobutyl-2,2-dimethyl-4,7,10-3-oxa-5,8,11-triazadecyl-13-carboxylic acid 1024829-72-8 C29H39N3O6
    (6R,9R,12R)-6,9-dibenzyl-12-isobutyl-2,2-dimethyl-4,7,10-3-oxa-5,8,11-triazadecyl-13-carboxylic acid
    —— 4’-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 6559-91-7 C21H20O8
    4’-demethylepipodophyllotoxin
    —— Coreopsin 499-29-6 C21H22O10
    Coreopsin
    —— N,N'-bis<(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl>cystine 10389-65-8 C16H28N2O8S2
    N,N'-bis<(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl>cystine
    —— Neferine 2292-16-2 C38H44N2O6
    Neferine
    —— monopotassium 4-hydroxy-α-[(3-methoxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl)amino]benzeneacetate 69416-61-1 C13H14NO5*K
    monopotassium 4-hydroxy-α-[(3-methoxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl)amino]benzeneacetate
    —— tetramethylammonium glycinate 55378-67-1 C2H4NO2*C4H12N
    tetramethylammonium glycinate
    —— glycyl-L-arginyl-glycyl-L-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-proline 91037-75-1 C22H37N9O10
    glycyl-L-arginyl-glycyl-L-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-proline