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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Glycine, N,N-bis(2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethyl)-, potassium salt (1:5) 7216-95-7 C14H18K5N3O10
    Glycine, N,N-bis(2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethyl)-, potassium salt (1:5)
    —— Tribuloside 22153-44-2 C30H26O13
    Tribuloside
    —— Kaempferol 3-glucuronoside 22688-78-4 C21H18O12
    Kaempferol 3-glucuronoside
    —— Escin IIB 158800-83-0 C54H84O23
    Escin IIB
    —— Arctiin 20362-31-6 C27H34O11
    Arctiin
    —— N-[1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-1-[6-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-9-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-12-butan-2-yl-15-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-5,8,11,14,17-pentaoxo-1-thia-4,7,10,13,16-pentazacycloicosane-3-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 37025-55-1 C45H69N11O12S
    N-[1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-1-[6-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-9-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-12-butan-2-yl-15-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-5,8,11,14,17-pentaoxo-1-thia-4,7,10,13,16-pentazacycloicosane-3-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
    —— N-Boc-2-fluoro-D-tyrosine 125218-32-8 C14H18FNO5
    N-Boc-2-fluoro-D-tyrosine
    —— Boc-GGFG-OH 187794-49-6 C20H28N4O7
    Boc-GGFG-OH
    —— ginkgolide J 107438-79-9 C20H24O10
    ginkgolide J
    —— Calcium L-Threonate 70753-61-6 C8H14CaO10
    Calcium L-Threonate
    —— Manganese(2+);3,10,13,20,26-pentazatetracyclo[20.3.1.04,9.014,19]hexacosa-1(26),22,24-triene;chloride 218791-21-0 C21H35MnN5*2Cl
    Manganese(2+);3,10,13,20,26-pentazatetracyclo[20.3.1.04,9.014,19]hexacosa-1(26),22,24-triene;chloride
    —— Iron saccharate 8047-67-4 C18H24Fe2O24
    Iron saccharate
    —— 4-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)benzeneamine oxide;hydrochloride 685898-44-6 C13H19Cl3N2O3
    4-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)benzeneamine oxide;hydrochloride
    —— trans-(S)-4-[9-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-8-(2,4,6-trifluoro-phenylamino)-9H-purin-2-ylamino]-cyclohexan-1-ol 899805-25-5 C21H23F3N6O2
    trans-(S)-4-[9-(tetrahydro-furan-3-yl)-8-(2,4,6-trifluoro-phenylamino)-9H-purin-2-ylamino]-cyclohexan-1-ol
    —— (3S,4R,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,14bS)-3-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid 17019-92-0 C30H46O4
    (3S,4R,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,14bS)-3-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid
    —— linsitinib 867160-72-3 C26H23N5O
    linsitinib
    —— Galactinol 3687-64-7 C12H22O11
    Galactinol
    —— Mesaconine 6792-09-2 C24H39NO9
    Mesaconine
    —— 14-O-benzoylaconine 466-24-0 C32H45NO10
    14-O-benzoylaconine
    —— EPZ5676 1380288-87-8 C30H42N8O3
    EPZ5676
    —— 3,5-Di-O-p-toluoyl-2-desoxy-L-ribofuranosylchlorid 141846-57-3 C21H21ClO5
    3,5-Di-O-p-toluoyl-2-desoxy-L-ribofuranosylchlorid
    —— (E)-N’-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)azetidine-1-carbothiohydrazide 71555-25-4 C11H14N4S
    (E)-N’-(1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)azetidine-1-carbothiohydrazide
    —— disodium guanosine 5'-phosphate 3106-17-0 C10H12N5O8P*2Na
    disodium guanosine 5'-phosphate
    —— (S)-2-{(S)-[(1R,4R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-methoxy-purin-9-yl)-4-(R)-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethoxy]phenoxy-phosphorylamino}propionic acid isopropyl ester 1231747-08-2 C24H32FN6O8P
    (S)-2-{(S)-[(1R,4R,5R)-5-(2-amino-6-methoxy-purin-9-yl)-4-(R)-fluoro-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethoxy]phenoxy-phosphorylamino}propionic acid isopropyl ester
    —— TIPP 146369-65-5 C37H38N4O6
    TIPP
    —— (1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate 1512718-16-9 C12H16O5S
    (1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate
    —— <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-<i>L</i>-β-aspartyl-<i>L</i>-histidine 20223-80-7 C10H14N4O5
    <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-<i>L</i>-β-aspartyl-<i>L</i>-histidine
    —— L-lysyl=>D-lysyl=>L-lysine 13184-14-0 C18H38N6O4
    L-lysyl=>D-lysyl=>L-lysine
    —— (10S,17S,4Z,7Z,11E,13Z,15E,19Z)-10,17-dihydroxydocosa-4,7,11,13,15,14,19-hexenoic acid 871826-47-0 C22H32O4
    (10S,17S,4Z,7Z,11E,13Z,15E,19Z)-10,17-dihydroxydocosa-4,7,11,13,15,14,19-hexenoic acid
    —— ANTROQUINONOL 1010081-09-0 C24H38O4
    ANTROQUINONOL
    —— Sodium 2-aminosuccinate 94525-01-6 C4H5NNa2O4
    Sodium 2-aminosuccinate
    —— N-acetyl cysteine (S-geranylgeranyl) 139332-94-8 C25H41NO3S
    N-acetyl cysteine (S-geranylgeranyl)
    —— Cevan-6-one,3,20-dihydroxy-, (3b,5a,25a)- (9CI) 18059-10-4 C27H43NO3
    Cevan-6-one,3,20-dihydroxy-, (3b,5a,25a)- (9CI)
    —— Verticinone 18059-10-4 C27H43NO3
    Verticinone
    —— Gibberellin A(1); <GA(1)> 545-97-1 C19H24O6
    Gibberellin A(1); <GA(1)>
    —— Z-L-pGlu-OBzl 71389-33-8 C20H19NO5
    Z-L-pGlu-OBzl
    —— R-N-acetyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenylalanine 33043-37-7 C13H17NO5
    R-N-acetyl-3,4-dimethoxyphenylalanine
    —— 4-methoxy-3-methyl-5-[(2Z,3aR)-1t-methyl-8t-((2S)-4c-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2r-yl)-(3ar,10at,10bt)-decahydro-2H-furo[3,2-c]pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepin-2-ylidene]-5H-furan-2-one 27495-40-5 C23H31NO6
    4-methoxy-3-methyl-5-[(2Z,3aR)-1t-methyl-8t-((2S)-4c-methyl-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2r-yl)-(3ar,10at,10bt)-decahydro-2H-furo[3,2-c]pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepin-2-ylidene]-5H-furan-2-one
    —— β-D-(3-feruloyl)fructofuranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside 107912-97-0 C22H30O14
    β-D-(3-feruloyl)fructofuranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside
    —— (2S,3R)-N-(4-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-(5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)butane-2-sulfonamide 2049980-18-7 C25H29N7O4S
    (2S,3R)-N-(4-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-(5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)butane-2-sulfonamide
    —— Bilobalide A 33570-04-6 C15H18O8
    Bilobalide A
    —— Glc(a1-4)b-L-Glc 69-79-4 C12H22O11
    Glc(a1-4)b-L-Glc
    —— (1S)-1-[(3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6-methoxyspiro[3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxole-2,1'-cyclohexane]-5-yl]ethane-1,2-diol 13322-87-7 C13H22O6
    (1S)-1-[(3aR,5R,6S,6aR)-6-methoxyspiro[3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxole-2,1'-cyclohexane]-5-yl]ethane-1,2-diol
    —— Fmoc-trans-4-fluoro-pro-OH 203866-20-0 C20H17FNO4-
    Fmoc-trans-4-fluoro-pro-OH
    —— Voacamine 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    Voacamine
    —— (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'R,4R,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'R,4R,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— Sodium;2,6-diacetyl-7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyldibenzofuran-1,3-dione 34769-44-3 C18H16NaO7+
    Sodium;2,6-diacetyl-7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyldibenzofuran-1,3-dione
    —— Berberine sulfate hydrate 316-41-6 C40H38N2O13S
    Berberine sulfate hydrate
    —— karakoline 39089-30-0 C22H35NO4
    karakoline
    —— BRL 15572 hydrochloride 193611-72-2 C25H28Cl2N2O
    BRL 15572 hydrochloride