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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)benzoate 150256-42-1 C22H16NO4-
    2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy](hydroxy)methylidene}amino)benzoate
    —— (2R)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)propanoate 198545-72-1 C24H19FNO4-
    (2R)-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)propanoate
    —— 1-Hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-aminium 2899-30-1 C11H15N2O+
    1-Hydroxy-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propan-2-aminium
    —— 3-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}benzoate 111331-82-9 C12H14NO4-
    3-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}benzoate
    —— 1-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-aminium 40829-04-7 C9H14NO2+
    1-Hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-aminium
    —— 3-Aminopyridine-4-carboxylate 7579-20-6 C6H5N2O2-
    3-Aminopyridine-4-carboxylate
    —— 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-ethoxy-1-oxopropan-2-aminium 52031-05-7 C11H15ClNO2+
    3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-ethoxy-1-oxopropan-2-aminium
    —— 1-Hydroxy-1-[(naphthalen-2-yl)imino]propan-2-aminium 74144-49-3 C13H15N2O+
    1-Hydroxy-1-[(naphthalen-2-yl)imino]propan-2-aminium
    —— 2-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate 78879-20-6 C15H18NO4-
    2-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate
    —— 2-amino-N-(4-methyl-2-oxo-chromen-7-yl)propanamide; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid 96594-10-4 C13H15N2O3+
    2-amino-N-(4-methyl-2-oxo-chromen-7-yl)propanamide; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
    —— 8-{[Bis(carboxymethyl)amino]methyl}-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-olate 54375-47-2 C15H14NO7-
    8-{[Bis(carboxymethyl)amino]methyl}-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-olate
    —— 2-[(Benzyloxy)carbonyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate 79261-58-8 C18H16NO4-
    2-[(Benzyloxy)carbonyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylate
    —— Javlor 162652-95-1 C45H54F2N4O8
    Javlor
    —— (1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 137071-32-0 C43H68ClNO11
    (1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— Linderane 13476-25-0 C15H16O4
    Linderane
    —— (4aS,6R,7R,7aR)-6-(6-amino-8-bromopurin-9-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-ol 23583-48-4 C10H11BrN5O6P
    (4aS,6R,7R,7aR)-6-(6-amino-8-bromopurin-9-yl)-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-ol
    —— methylselenocysteine 26046-90-2 C4H9NO2Se
    methylselenocysteine
    —— 7-[trans-4-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-Yl)cyclohexyl]-5-(4-Phenoxyphenyl)-7h-Pyrrolo[2,3-D]pyrimidin-4-Amine 364042-47-7 C29H34N6O
    7-[trans-4-(4-Methylpiperazin-1-Yl)cyclohexyl]-5-(4-Phenoxyphenyl)-7h-Pyrrolo[2,3-D]pyrimidin-4-Amine
    —— Ambap5429 104987-11-3 C44H69NO12
    Ambap5429
    —— Sodium 1-hexadecanoyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate 58725-33-0 C21H36NNaO4
    Sodium 1-hexadecanoyl-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate
    —— alpha,4-Dinitrophenylalanine 49607-21-8 C9H9N3O6
    alpha,4-Dinitrophenylalanine
    —— Pelitrexol 446022-33-9 C20H25N5O6S
    Pelitrexol
    —— Benz(g)isoquinoline-5,10-dione, 6,9-bis((2-aminoethyl)amino)-, (2Z)-2-butenedioate (1:2) 144675-97-8 C25H27N5O10
    Benz(g)isoquinoline-5,10-dione, 6,9-bis((2-aminoethyl)amino)-, (2Z)-2-butenedioate (1:2)
    —— Sodium (Z)-N-methyl-N-(1-oxo-9-octadecenyl)aminoacetate 14351-62-3 C21H38NNaO3
    Sodium (Z)-N-methyl-N-(1-oxo-9-octadecenyl)aminoacetate
    —— potassium 2-[[(Z)-3-ethoxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-prop-1-enyl]amino]-2-phenyl-acetate 961-69-3 C14H16KNO4
    potassium 2-[[(Z)-3-ethoxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-prop-1-enyl]amino]-2-phenyl-acetate
    —— Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl ester, (1alpha,2beta,5alpha)- 89-46-3 C17H24O3
    Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl ester, (1alpha,2beta,5alpha)-
    —— 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diyl diacetate 3945-18-4 C9H12O5
    3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diyl diacetate
    —— adenosine monophosphate hydrate 18422-05-4 C10H14N5O7P*H2O
    adenosine monophosphate hydrate
    —— (2E,4E)-5-(7-hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82601-41-0 C21H26O7
    (2E,4E)-5-(7-hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— 16208-51-8 C4H10NaO6S4
    —— (2E,4E)-5-(7-Acetyloxy-4,9-dimethyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82508-32-5 C22H28O6
    (2E,4E)-5-(7-Acetyloxy-4,9-dimethyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— (2R,3R,5R)-5-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol 4594-45-0 C10H11ClN4O3
    (2R,3R,5R)-5-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol
    —— L-alpha-Phosphatidylcholine (Soy) 97281-47-5 C42H80NO8P
    L-alpha-Phosphatidylcholine (Soy)
    —— Somatuline Autogel 127984-74-1 C118H158N22O30S4
    Somatuline Autogel
    —— (2S)-2-amino-3-[4-[2-amino-6-[(1R)-1-[4-chloro-2-(3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy]pyrimidin-4-yl]phenyl]propanoic acid;2-benzamidoacetic acid 1137608-69-5 C34H31ClF3N7O6
    (2S)-2-amino-3-[4-[2-amino-6-[(1R)-1-[4-chloro-2-(3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy]pyrimidin-4-yl]phenyl]propanoic acid;2-benzamidoacetic acid
    —— Potassium magnesium aspartate 67528-13-6 C16H24K2MgN4O16
    Potassium magnesium aspartate
    —— L-β-homothreonine 192003-00-2 C5H11NO3
    L-β-homothreonine
    —— Dipotassium 7-hydroxy-11b-methyl-2-{[2-O-(3-methylbutanoyl)-3-O-sulfo-4-O-sulfonatohexopyranosyl]oxy}-8-methylidenetetradecahydro-6a,9-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene-4-carboxylate 102130-43-8 C30H44K2O16S2
    Dipotassium 7-hydroxy-11b-methyl-2-{[2-O-(3-methylbutanoyl)-3-O-sulfo-4-O-sulfonatohexopyranosyl]oxy}-8-methylidenetetradecahydro-6a,9-methanocyclohepta[a]naphthalene-4-carboxylate
    —— 4-[(Z)-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-3-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione 5619-02-3 C15H10Cl2N4S
    4-[(Z)-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-3-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione
    —— Alanycarb 100 microg/mL in Cyclohexane 83130-01-2 C17H25N3O4S2
    Alanycarb 100 microg/mL in Cyclohexane
    —— gomisin G 62956-48-3 C30H32O9
    gomisin G
    —— (Z)-4-[(2S,17S)-12-hydroxy-8,21,21-trimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.02,15.02,19.04,13.06,11]docosa-4(13),5,9,11,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid 2752-65-0 C38H44O8
    (Z)-4-[(2S,17S)-12-hydroxy-8,21,21-trimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.02,15.02,19.04,13.06,11]docosa-4(13),5,9,11,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid
    —— Gluconasturtiin 499-30-9 C15H21NO9S2
    Gluconasturtiin
    —— L-lysinium(2+) 56-87-1 C6H16N2O2+2
    L-lysinium(2+)
    —— Potassium Myronate, Glucosinolate 3952-98-5 C10H16KNO9S2
    Potassium Myronate, Glucosinolate
    —— 2-[2-[[(3S,6S,8R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 69884-00-0 C42H72O14
    2-[2-[[(3S,6S,8R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— N-[(E)-[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-4-hydroxybenzamide 95167-41-2 C18H21N3O2
    N-[(E)-[4-(diethylamino)phenyl]methylideneamino]-4-hydroxybenzamide
    —— (4Z)-5,10-dimethyl-8,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,13.07,11]hexadeca-4,7(11),9-trien-15-one 13476-25-0 C15H16O4
    (4Z)-5,10-dimethyl-8,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,13.07,11]hexadeca-4,7(11),9-trien-15-one
    —— methyl (1S,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1S,12R,15Z)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    methyl (1S,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1S,12R,15Z)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate
    —— (3E)-5-chloro-3-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one 1055412-47-9 C15H13ClN2O
    (3E)-5-chloro-3-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylidene]-1H-indol-2-one