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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Praeruptorin B 81740-07-0 C24H26O7
    Praeruptorin B
    —— (5R,11R,14S,16R)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol 1354-84-3 C22H33NO2
    (5R,11R,14S,16R)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol
    —— 6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl (2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 61276-17-3 C29H36O15
    6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl (2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— (10S,11R,12R,13R,15R)-3,4,5,11,12,13,21,22,23,26,27,38,39-tridecahydroxy-9,14,17,29,36-pentaoxaoctacyclo[29.8.0.02,7.010,15.019,24.025,34.028,33.032,37]nonatriaconta-1(39),2,4,6,19,21,23,25,27,31,33,37-dodecaene-8,18,30,35-tetrone 65995-64-4 C34H22O22
    (10S,11R,12R,13R,15R)-3,4,5,11,12,13,21,22,23,26,27,38,39-tridecahydroxy-9,14,17,29,36-pentaoxaoctacyclo[29.8.0.02,7.010,15.019,24.025,34.028,33.032,37]nonatriaconta-1(39),2,4,6,19,21,23,25,27,31,33,37-dodecaene-8,18,30,35-tetrone
    —— Fmoc-Ser-OBzl 73724-46-6 C25H23NO5
    Fmoc-Ser-OBzl
    —— Mastoparan 7 145854-59-7 C67H124N18O15
    Mastoparan 7
    —— Typhaneoside 104472-68-6 C34H42O20
    Typhaneoside
    —— 2-C-methyl-DL-ribono-1,4-lactone 492-30-8 C6H10O5
    2-C-methyl-DL-ribono-1,4-lactone
    —— 2-C-methyl-DL-arabinono-1,4-lactone 492-30-8 C6H10O5
    2-C-methyl-DL-arabinono-1,4-lactone
    —— SU 5402 215543-92-3 C17H16N2O3
    SU 5402
    —— 8α-acetoxy-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-benzoyl-26-hydroxy-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-deacetyl-8-deoxo-evonimine 37239-51-3 C43H49NO19
    8α-acetoxy-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-benzoyl-26-hydroxy-<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-deacetyl-8-deoxo-evonimine
    —— 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3-((O-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-6))-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 109008-28-8 C33H40O19
    4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3-((O-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-6))-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
    —— methyl 17-ethyl-6-[(15Z)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    methyl 17-ethyl-6-[(15Z)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate
    —— [(3Z,9E)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,13,14-tetramethyl-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9,13-trien-2-yl] acetate 22144-76-9 C30H37NO6
    [(3Z,9E)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,13,14-tetramethyl-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9,13-trien-2-yl] acetate
    —— Dihydroxy(oxo)azanium;10-methyl-9-(10-methylacridin-10-ium-9-yl)acridin-10-ium 2315-97-1 C28H24N3O3+3
    Dihydroxy(oxo)azanium;10-methyl-9-(10-methylacridin-10-ium-9-yl)acridin-10-ium
    —— Lobelanidine hydrochloride 6112-86-3 C22H30ClNO2
    Lobelanidine hydrochloride
    —— 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroacridin-10-ium-9-amine;chloride;hydrate 206658-92-6 C13H17ClN2O
    1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroacridin-10-ium-9-amine;chloride;hydrate
    —— 8-bromo-2'-deoxy-adenosine 14985-44-5 C10H12BrN5O3
    8-bromo-2'-deoxy-adenosine
    —— Dinophysistoxin-1 81720-10-7 C45H70O13
    Dinophysistoxin-1
    —— Cytochalasin C 22144-76-9 C30H37NO6
    Cytochalasin C
    —— 3β-(3-Carboxy-propionyloxy)-Δ<sup>5</sup>-cholesten 1510-21-0 C31H50O4
    3β-(3-Carboxy-propionyloxy)-Δ<sup>5</sup>-cholesten
    —— 4,4'-Bis-[(E)-2-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-biphenyl 40470-68-6 C30H26O2
    4,4'-Bis-[(E)-2-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-vinyl]-biphenyl
    —— (E)-6-[(7S,10S,13R,14R,15S,17R)-7,15-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxohept-5-enoic acid 100665-40-5 C30H42O7
    (E)-6-[(7S,10S,13R,14R,15S,17R)-7,15-dihydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-3,11-dioxo-2,5,6,7,12,15,16,17-octahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxohept-5-enoic acid
    —— α-2-thioribouridine 13255-58-8 C9H12N2O5S
    α-2-thioribouridine
    —— Cinnamic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy-, (-)-1-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexyl ester 1241-87-8 C16H18O9
    Cinnamic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy-, (-)-1-carboxy-3,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexyl ester
    —— (2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(4aS,7S,7aR)-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol 52949-83-4 C15H24O9
    (2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(4aS,7S,7aR)-7-hydroxy-7-methyl-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
    —— pentamethylene bis[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-1H-isoquinoline-2-propionate], dioxalate 64228-78-0 C55H70N2O20
    pentamethylene bis[1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-1H-isoquinoline-2-propionate], dioxalate
    —— 2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-4-methylvalerate 59179-38-3 C18H22N2O6
    2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-4-methylvalerate
    —— Licuroside 120926-46-7 C26H30O13
    Licuroside
    —— (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'S,4R,4aS,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'S,4R,4aS,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— Hyoscine hydrochloride 55-16-3 C17H22ClNO4
    Hyoscine hydrochloride
    —— substance P 71977-09-8 C63H97N17O14S
    substance P
    —— (2R)-[(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino](4-fluorophenyl)acetate 196707-32-1 C13H15FNO4-
    (2R)-[(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino](4-fluorophenyl)acetate
    —— cavanine H2SO4 2219-31-0 C5H12N4O3*H2O4S
    cavanine H2SO4
    —— Proanthocyanidin A2 12798-56-0 C30H24O12
    Proanthocyanidin A2
    —— epicatechin(4β->8,2β->O->7)catechin 12798-56-0 C30H24O12
    epicatechin(4β->8,2β->O->7)catechin
    —— proanthocyanidin A-2 12798-56-0 C30H24O12
    proanthocyanidin A-2
    —— picroside II 39012-20-9 C23H28O13
    picroside II
    —— N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-8-({2-methoxy-4-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl}amino)-1-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-h]quinazoline-3-carboxamide 1202055-34-2 C35H42N8O3
    N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-8-({2-methoxy-4-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl}amino)-1-methyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-h]quinazoline-3-carboxamide
    —— glucotropaeolin potassium salt 5115-71-9 C14H18NO9S2*K
    glucotropaeolin potassium salt
    —— harpagoside 19210-12-9 C24H30O11
    harpagoside
    —— beta-D-Glucopyranose, 1-[N-(sulfooxy)-3-butenimidate], monopotassium salt 3952-98-5 C10H17NO9S2
    beta-D-Glucopyranose, 1-[N-(sulfooxy)-3-butenimidate], monopotassium salt
    —— isoidide 641-74-7 C6H10O4
    isoidide
    —— (1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne-9-ylmethyl 12-(+)-biotinylamino-3,6,9-trioxadodecylcarbamate 1263166-92-2 C29H46N4O7S
    (1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne-9-ylmethyl 12-(+)-biotinylamino-3,6,9-trioxadodecylcarbamate
    —— (2S,4R)-2-Phenyl-4-chromanol 487-25-2 C15H14O2
    (2S,4R)-2-Phenyl-4-chromanol
    —— 5-Fluoro-1-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 77180-80-4 C9H11FN2O6
    5-Fluoro-1-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
    —— 2-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]propanoic acid 24046-71-7 C14H17N3O3
    2-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]propanoic acid
    —— Boc-Cys(S-t-butyl) 30044-61-2 C12H23NO4S2
    Boc-Cys(S-t-butyl)
    —— propidium iodide 25535-16-4 C27H34N4*2I
    propidium iodide
    —— (+/-)-epi-fraxinellone 28808-62-0 C14H16O3
    (+/-)-epi-fraxinellone