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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Glycyl-histidin 2489-13-6 C8H12N4O3
    Glycyl-histidin
    —— methyl 3-hydrazinylbenzoate hydrochloride 167626-26-8 C8H10N2O2*ClH
    methyl 3-hydrazinylbenzoate hydrochloride
    —— tetraethylenepentamine pentahydrochloride 4961-41-5 C8H28N5*5Cl
    tetraethylenepentamine pentahydrochloride
    —— coenzyme-A 85-61-0 C21H36N7O16P3S
    coenzyme-A
    —— (S)-3-Methyl-2-(2-nitro-phenylsulfanylamino)-pentanoic acid; compound with dicyclohexyl-amine 10382-52-2 C12H16N2O4S*C12H23N
    (S)-3-Methyl-2-(2-nitro-phenylsulfanylamino)-pentanoic acid; compound with dicyclohexyl-amine
    —— (R)-4-amino-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)butanoic acid 25691-37-6 C9H18N2O4
    (R)-4-amino-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)butanoic acid
    —— 4-aminophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside 31302-52-0 C12H17NO6
    4-aminophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside
    —— Asparagylglutamic acid 20917-58-2 C9H15N3O6
    Asparagylglutamic acid
    —— [(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2R)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,19R,21R,23S,24Z,26E,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate 162635-04-3 C56H87NO16
    [(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2R)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,19R,21R,23S,24Z,26E,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate
    —— N-Z,O-tert-butyl-L-threonine dicyclohexylamine salt 16966-07-7 C12H23N*C16H23NO5
    N-Z,O-tert-butyl-L-threonine dicyclohexylamine salt
    —— 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose 498-07-7 C6H10O5
    1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose
    —— N-acetyl glutamine 35305-74-9 C7H12N2O4
    N-acetyl glutamine
    —— Picrosid II, HPLC Grade 39012-20-9 C23H28O13
    Picrosid II, HPLC Grade
    —— N,N,N-trimethylbenzenemethanaminium dichloroiodate 114971-52-7 C10H16N*Cl2I
    N,N,N-trimethylbenzenemethanaminium dichloroiodate
    —— SodiuM L-GlutaMate Monohydrate 6106-04-3 C5H9NNa2O5
    SodiuM L-GlutaMate Monohydrate
    —— N-Acetyl-muraminsaeure 10597-89-4 C11H19NO8
    N-Acetyl-muraminsaeure
    —— 1,2-O-cyclohexylidene-3-O-methyl-α-D-glucofuranose 13322-87-7 C13H22O6
    1,2-O-cyclohexylidene-3-O-methyl-α-D-glucofuranose
    —— Adenosine-5'-triphosphate magnesium salt 74804-12-9 C10H12Mg2N5O13P3
    Adenosine-5'-triphosphate magnesium salt
    —— 7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one sodium salt 34994-50-8 C12H6NO3*Na
    7-hydroxy-3H-phenoxazin-3-one sodium salt
    —— 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-amino)acetic acid 158979-29-4 C10H15NO4
    2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-amino)acetic acid
    —— methyl 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside 6748-91-0 C28H26O8
    methyl 2,3-di-O-benzoyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside
    —— Methyl-α-D-altropyranosid 97-30-3 C7H14O6
    Methyl-α-D-altropyranosid
    —— α-Methyl-L-idosid 97-30-3 C7H14O6
    α-Methyl-L-idosid
    —— methyl β-D-talopyranoside 97-30-3 C7H14O6
    methyl β-D-talopyranoside
    —— methyl N<sup>3</sup>-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-(R)-2,3-diaminopropinate 363191-25-7 C9H18N2O4
    methyl N<sup>3</sup>-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-(R)-2,3-diaminopropinate
    —— 4,6-O-benzylidene-D-glucal 63598-36-7 C13H14O4
    4,6-O-benzylidene-D-glucal
    —— methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-altropyranoside 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-altropyranoside
    —— α-Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-D-altrosid 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    α-Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-D-altrosid
    —— methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-galactopyranoside 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    methyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-galactopyranoside
    —— methyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-gulopyranoside 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    methyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-gulopyranoside
    —— Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-α-D-allopyranosid 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-α-D-allopyranosid
    —— Methyl-4,6-O-(phenylmethylene)-β-D-mannopyranoside 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    Methyl-4,6-O-(phenylmethylene)-β-D-mannopyranoside
    —— Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-β-D-galactopyranosid 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    Methyl-4,6-O-benzyliden-β-D-galactopyranosid
    —— (2S,4aR,6S,7S,8S,8aS)-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxine-7,8-diol 3162-96-7 C14H18O6
    (2S,4aR,6S,7S,8S,8aS)-6-methoxy-2-phenyl-4,4a,6,7,8,8a-hexahydropyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxine-7,8-diol
    —— H-Lys-Gly-OH.HCl 40719-58-2 C8H18ClN3O3
    H-Lys-Gly-OH.HCl
    —— tert-butyl 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate hydrochloride 39741-62-3 C9H18N2O3*ClH
    tert-butyl 2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate hydrochloride
    —— 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide 1146963-51-0 C18H17F3N2O2
    2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid 1-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-[(3-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazide
    —— N(alpha)-Z-L-arginine HCl 56672-63-0 C14H21ClN4O4
    N(alpha)-Z-L-arginine HCl
    —— (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2R,2'R,4R,4aS,6S,8aS)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2R,2'R,4R,4aS,6S,8aS)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— (1S,4E,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,8R,10S,11R,12R,14R,15R,16S,18E,20E,22S,25S,27S,28R,29S)-22-ethyl-7,11,15-trihydroxy-6'-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethylspiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-oxane]-3,9,13-trione 11052-72-5 C45H74O10
    (1S,4E,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,8R,10S,11R,12R,14R,15R,16S,18E,20E,22S,25S,27S,28R,29S)-22-ethyl-7,11,15-trihydroxy-6'-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethylspiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-oxane]-3,9,13-trione
    —— [(1R,2S,3S,5R,6S,8R,12S,16R,19S,20R,21S)-14-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6,19-trimethoxy-16-methyl-9,11-dioxa-14-azaheptacyclo[10.7.2.12,5.01,13.03,8.08,12.016,20]docosan-21-yl] acetate 6836-11-9 C27H41NO8
    [(1R,2S,3S,5R,6S,8R,12S,16R,19S,20R,21S)-14-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6,19-trimethoxy-16-methyl-9,11-dioxa-14-azaheptacyclo[10.7.2.12,5.01,13.03,8.08,12.016,20]docosan-21-yl] acetate
    —— Oridonin,(S) 28957-04-2 C20H28O6
    Oridonin,(S)
    —— 2-[(1S,4S,10S,13S,16S,34S)-34-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2R,3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetic acid 21150-22-1 C39H53N9O15S
    2-[(1S,4S,10S,13S,16S,34S)-34-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2R,3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetic acid
    —— (1S,9R,12S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 104987-11-3 C44H69NO12
    (1S,9R,12S,13R,14S,17R,18E,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[(4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(3R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile 29883-15-6 C20H27NO11
    (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[(4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(3R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile
    —— Pseudo ginsenoside F11 69884-00-0 C42H72O14
    Pseudo ginsenoside F11
    —— Hydroxypanaxidiol 32791-84-7 C30H52O4
    Hydroxypanaxidiol
    —— (1R,3S,6R,7S,10R)-3-hydroxy-10-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-2-yl]-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]dec-8-en-2-one 29782-68-1 C25H22O10
    (1R,3S,6R,7S,10R)-3-hydroxy-10-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-2-yl]-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]dec-8-en-2-one
    —— (3S,3aS,4S,6S,6aS,7E,10R,15E,181S)-3-benzyl-6-hydroxy-4,10-dimethyl-5-methylene-3,3a,4,5,6,6a,10,11,12,13-decahydro-1H-[1]oxacyclotetradeca[2,3-d]isoindole-1,14,17(2H,9H)-trione 14110-64-6 C29H35NO5
    (3S,3aS,4S,6S,6aS,7E,10R,15E,181S)-3-benzyl-6-hydroxy-4,10-dimethyl-5-methylene-3,3a,4,5,6,6a,10,11,12,13-decahydro-1H-[1]oxacyclotetradeca[2,3-d]isoindole-1,14,17(2H,9H)-trione
    —— 1-(3',4'-dichloro-2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 749269-83-8 C16H11Cl2FO2
    1-(3',4'-dichloro-2-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid