摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词

生物化工

生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。

生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— sitosterol 83-48-7 C29H48O
sitosterol
—— (24ξ<i>H</i>)-stigmasta-5,22<i>t</i>-dien-3β-ol 83-48-7 C29H48O
(24ξ<i>H</i>)-stigmasta-5,22<i>t</i>-dien-3β-ol
—— (3β,24xi)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol 83-48-7 C29H48O
(3β,24xi)-stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol
—— stigma-5,22-dien-3β-ol 83-48-7 C29H48O
stigma-5,22-dien-3β-ol
—— PNU-159682 202350-68-3 C32H35NO13
PNU-159682
—— 5-(3-amino-1-propynyl)-2',3'-dideoxycytidine-5'-triphosphoric acid 114748-56-0 C12H19N4O12P3
5-(3-amino-1-propynyl)-2',3'-dideoxycytidine-5'-triphosphoric acid
—— N‑[3‑(2‑furyl)acryloyl]-L-phenylalanylglycylglycine 64967-39-1 C20H21N3O6
N‑[3‑(2‑furyl)acryloyl]-L-phenylalanylglycylglycine
—— [(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dibenzoyloxy-5-cyanooxolan-2-yl]methyl benzoate 23316-67-8 C27H21NO7
[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dibenzoyloxy-5-cyanooxolan-2-yl]methyl benzoate
—— 4-methyl-7-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-2-one 6160-78-7 C16H18O8
4-methyl-7-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-2-one
—— methyl (1R,4aR,6R,7S,7aR)-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate 18524-94-2 C17H26O10
methyl (1R,4aR,6R,7S,7aR)-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate
—— loganic acid 18524-94-2 C17H26O10
loganic acid
—— 7-Epiloganin 18524-94-2 C17H26O10
7-Epiloganin
—— loganin 18524-94-2 C17H26O10
loganin
—— Coniferin 531-29-3 C16H22O8
Coniferin
—— 6-amino-6-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose 24384-87-0 C9H17NO5
6-amino-6-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose
—— <i>O</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-isopropylidene-β-D-idofuranose 582-51-4 C9H16O6
<i>O</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>-isopropylidene-β-D-idofuranose
—— 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-allofuranose 582-51-4 C9H16O6
1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-allofuranose
—— (1S)-1-[(3aR,5S,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]ethane-1,2-diol 582-51-4 C9H16O6
(1S)-1-[(3aR,5S,6S,6aR)-6-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3a,5,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl]ethane-1,2-diol
—— 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose 582-51-4 C9H16O6
1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose
—— polygalacin D 66663-91-0 C57H92O27
polygalacin D
—— Cucurbitacin D; Elatericin A 3877-86-9 C30H44O7
Cucurbitacin D; Elatericin A
—— rubusoside 64849-39-4 C32H50O13
rubusoside
—— acacetin 7-O-glucoside 4291-60-5 C22H22O10
acacetin 7-O-glucoside
—— isoquercitrin 21637-25-2 C21H20O12
isoquercitrin
—— Epi-orientin 7480-94-6 C21H20O11
Epi-orientin
—— Orientin, Lutexin, 8-C-β-Glucopyranosyl-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavon 7480-94-6 C21H20O11
Orientin, Lutexin, 8-C-β-Glucopyranosyl-5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-flavon
—— 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-8-C-β-D-glucoopyranosyl flavonoside 7480-94-6 C21H20O11
5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-8-C-β-D-glucoopyranosyl flavonoside
—— 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-6-C-glucopyranosylflavone 4261-42-1 C21H20O11
3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-6-C-glucopyranosylflavone
—— narcissin 604-80-8 C28H32O16
narcissin
—— Isorhamnetin-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-β-D-glucopyranosid 604-80-8 C28H32O16
Isorhamnetin-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->6)-β-D-glucopyranosid
—— 5,7,4'-Dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-flavonol-3-β-D-galaktopyranosido-6'-β-L-rhamnopyranosid 604-80-8 C28H32O16
5,7,4'-Dihydroxy-3'-methoxy-flavonol-3-β-D-galaktopyranosido-6'-β-L-rhamnopyranosid
—— isorhamnetin 3-O-(6-O-rhamnosylhexoside) 604-80-8 C28H32O16
isorhamnetin 3-O-(6-O-rhamnosylhexoside)
—— gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide 96553-02-5 C37H56O10
gypsogenin-3-O-glucuronide
—— gypsogenin 639-14-5 C30H46O4
gypsogenin
—— Toralactone 9-O-beta-D-gentiobioside 119170-52-4 C27H32O15
Toralactone 9-O-beta-D-gentiobioside
—— methyl 2-amino-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoate hydrochloride 1007583-54-1 C5H8F3NO2*ClH
methyl 2-amino-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoate hydrochloride
—— furimazine 1374040-24-0 C24H19N3O2
furimazine
—— 2-hydroxy-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl] benzaldehyde 308085-25-8 C9H5F3N2O2
2-hydroxy-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl] benzaldehyde
—— Quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosid 491-50-9 C21H20O12
Quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosid
—— Kaempferol-3-β-D-glucuronid 22688-78-4 C21H18O12
Kaempferol-3-β-D-glucuronid
—— cantleyoside 32455-46-2 C33H46O19
cantleyoside
—— 2-aminosuccinic acid 4-benzyl ester 1-tert-butyl ester 94347-11-2 C15H21NO4
2-aminosuccinic acid 4-benzyl ester 1-tert-butyl ester
—— apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide 29741-09-1 C21H18O11
apigenin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide
—— Luteolin-7-glucuronid 29741-10-4 C21H18O12
Luteolin-7-glucuronid
—— luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide 29741-10-4 C21H18O12
luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucuronide
—— luteolin 7-O-glucuronopyranoside 29741-10-4 C21H18O12
luteolin 7-O-glucuronopyranoside
—— Apigenin-7-glucuronide 29741-09-1 C21H18O11
Apigenin-7-glucuronide
—— 4-nitrophenol-O-glucuronide 10344-94-2 C12H13NO9
4-nitrophenol-O-glucuronide
—— (4-biphenyl-4-yl-thiazol-2-yl)-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)amine 1426047-44-0 C21H17N3S
(4-biphenyl-4-yl-thiazol-2-yl)-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)amine
—— 4-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]pyrrolidin-1-ium-2-carboxylate 79775-07-8 C9H17NO3
4-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]pyrrolidin-1-ium-2-carboxylate