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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— meta-Hoechst 132869-83-1 C25H24N6O
    meta-Hoechst
    —— estra-4,9-dien-3,17-dione 5173-46-6 C18H22O2
    estra-4,9-dien-3,17-dione
    —— Hellebrigenin 3-O-glucosylrhamnoside 13289-18-4 C36H52O15
    Hellebrigenin 3-O-glucosylrhamnoside
    —— Boc-Lys(2-chloro-Z)-OH 54613-99-9 C19H27ClN2O6
    Boc-Lys(2-chloro-Z)-OH
    —— 12-O-tiglylphorbol-13-isobutyrate 92214-54-5 C29H40O8
    12-O-tiglylphorbol-13-isobutyrate
    —— 1-thio-β-D-glucopyranose sodium salt 10593-29-0 C6H11O5S*Na
    1-thio-β-D-glucopyranose sodium salt
    —— 2-allyloxy-3,4,5-tris-benzyloxy-6-benzyloxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran 6207-45-0 C37H40O6
    2-allyloxy-3,4,5-tris-benzyloxy-6-benzyloxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran
    —— 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine hydrochloride 64285-73-0 C16H20N2*ClH
    3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine hydrochloride
    —— <i>N</i>-acetyl-<i>S</i>-(4-nitro-phenyl)-DL-cysteine 91088-55-0 C11H12N2O5S
    <i>N</i>-acetyl-<i>S</i>-(4-nitro-phenyl)-DL-cysteine
    —— (2S,4S)-4-Phenylsulfanyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid; hydrobromide 105107-84-4 BrH*C11H13NO2S
    (2S,4S)-4-Phenylsulfanyl-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid; hydrobromide
    —— 2-amino-3-(3-methyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-propionic acid 100959-34-0 C7H10N2O3
    2-amino-3-(3-methyl-isoxazol-5-yl)-propionic acid
    —— (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2E)-4-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 100462-37-1 C16H28O7
    (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2E)-4-hydroxy-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 4-Hydroxy-N'-(naphthalen-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide 303760-60-3 C18H14N2O2
    4-Hydroxy-N'-(naphthalen-2-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide
    —— Methyl 2-amino-3-(((R)-2-amino-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)disulfanyl)propanoate dihydrochloride 32854-09-4 C8H18Cl2N2O4S2
    Methyl 2-amino-3-(((R)-2-amino-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)disulfanyl)propanoate dihydrochloride
    —— threo-β-methylglutamic acid 63088-04-0 C6H11NO4
    threo-β-methylglutamic acid
    —— (R)-7-chloro-N-(quinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide 550999-75-2 C16H17ClN2OS
    (R)-7-chloro-N-(quinuclidin-3-yl)benzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide
    —— 1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>O</i><sup>2'</sup>-phosphono-α-<i>L</i>-1-deoxy-lyxofuranose 130-49-4 C10H14N5O7P
    1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>O</i><sup>2'</sup>-phosphono-α-<i>L</i>-1-deoxy-lyxofuranose
    —— 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine 50-90-8 C9H11ClN2O5
    5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine
    —— 1-[4-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione 40733-26-4 C22H42N2O5Si2
    1-[4-[Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-5-[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxymethyl]oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— Deoxy-uridin 951-78-0 C9H12N2O5
    Deoxy-uridin
    —— 5-O-Benzoyl-1,2-O-isopropyliden-3-O-methyl-α-D-ribofuranose 10300-20-6 C16H20O6
    5-O-Benzoyl-1,2-O-isopropyliden-3-O-methyl-α-D-ribofuranose
    —— 4-amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-methylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one 2140-61-6 C10H15N3O5
    4-amino-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-methylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one
    —— 1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>D</i>-<i>erythro</i>-1,2-dideoxy-pentofuranose 958-09-8 C10H13N5O3
    1-(6-amino-purin-9-yl)-<i>D</i>-<i>erythro</i>-1,2-dideoxy-pentofuranose
    —— L-guanosine 26578-09-6 C10H13N5O5
    L-guanosine
    —— N-[1-(2-fluorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-1'-oxospiro[cyclohexane-4,3'-furo[3,4-c]pyridine]-1-carboxamide 328232-95-7 C22H19FN4O3
    N-[1-(2-fluorophenyl)pyrazol-3-yl]-1'-oxospiro[cyclohexane-4,3'-furo[3,4-c]pyridine]-1-carboxamide
    —— 2-amino-9-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one 27462-39-1 C10H13N5O5
    2-amino-9-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one
    —— α-cyperone 473-08-5 C15H22O
    α-cyperone
    —— 2-amino-9-(<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-isopropylidene-β-<i>D</i>-lyxofuranosyl)-1,9-dihydro-purin-6-one 362-76-5 C13H17N5O5
    2-amino-9-(<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-isopropylidene-β-<i>D</i>-lyxofuranosyl)-1,9-dihydro-purin-6-one
    —— syringetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside 40039-49-4 C23H24O13
    syringetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
    —— 2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid 82611-60-7 C17H16N2O6
    2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-(4-nitrophenyl)propionic acid
    —— ((1<i>S</i>)-<i>trans</i>-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-5-methyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 3416-05-5 C10H14N2O4
    ((1<i>S</i>)-<i>trans</i>-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-5-methyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— trans-1-(D,L-5-hydroxymethyl-2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-methyluracil 121786-60-5 C10H14N2O4
    trans-1-(D,L-5-hydroxymethyl-2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-methyluracil
    —— Disodium 2,2'-dithiobis ethane sulfonate 16208-51-8 C4H10NaO6S4+
    Disodium 2,2'-dithiobis ethane sulfonate
    —— tetranitro blue tetrazolium chloride 1184-43-6 C40H28N12O10*2Cl
    tetranitro blue tetrazolium chloride
    —— n-nonyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside 98854-15-0 C15H30O5S
    n-nonyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside
    —— (+/-)-3-tert-butyl-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine 1313498-08-6 C18H20FN5O
    (+/-)-3-tert-butyl-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
    —— N-<4-Nitro-benzoyl>-DL-glutaminsaeure-diaethylester 7148-24-5 C16H20N2O7
    N-<4-Nitro-benzoyl>-DL-glutaminsaeure-diaethylester
    —— cysteamine S-phosphate sodium salt 3724-89-8 C2H7NO3PS*Na
    cysteamine S-phosphate sodium salt
    —— D-leucinamide hydrochloride 80970-09-8 C6H14N2O*ClH
    D-leucinamide hydrochloride
    —— (2S,4R)-4-benzyl-1-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic Acid 153074-95-4 C17H23NO4
    (2S,4R)-4-benzyl-1-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic Acid
    —— DL-isoleucine hydrochloride 3054-37-3 C6H14NO2*Cl
    DL-isoleucine hydrochloride
    —— sodium 5-(3-chlorophenylamino)benzo[c][2,6]naphthyridine-8-carboxylate 1309357-15-0 C19H11ClN3O2*Na
    sodium 5-(3-chlorophenylamino)benzo[c][2,6]naphthyridine-8-carboxylate
    —— trans-1-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-[4-(5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yloxy)cyclohexyl]urea 1394011-91-6 C20H18ClF6N3O2
    trans-1-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-[4-(5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yloxy)cyclohexyl]urea
    —— methyl 2-[(E)-[1-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino]oxyacetate 246035-38-1 C15H12N4O4S3
    methyl 2-[(E)-[1-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino]oxyacetate
    —— glycoβ-muricholic acid 66225-78-3 C26H43NO6
    glycoβ-muricholic acid
    —— decyl-thioglucopyranoside 98854-16-1 C16H32O5S
    decyl-thioglucopyranoside
    —— (5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-α-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonic acid)-(2-3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-α,β-D-glucopyranose 64003-53-8 C37H61N2O29
    (5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-α-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonic acid)-(2-3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-α,β-D-glucopyranose
    —— (R)-α-benzylproline 86116-84-9 C12H15NO2
    (R)-α-benzylproline
    —— [3-(1-Benzyl-3-carbamoylmethyl-2-ethyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-propyl]-phosphonic acid 164083-84-5 C22H27N2O5P
    [3-(1-Benzyl-3-carbamoylmethyl-2-ethyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-propyl]-phosphonic acid
    —— Asp-Tyr-OH 22840-03-5 C13H16N2O6
    Asp-Tyr-OH