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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— L-Ileu-Asp(NH2)-OH 59652-59-4 C10H19N3O4
    L-Ileu-Asp(NH2)-OH
    —— 2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-[4-(2,6-dichloro-benzyloxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid 40298-71-3 C21H23Cl2NO5
    2-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-3-[4-(2,6-dichloro-benzyloxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid
    —— 2-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)butanoic acid 1217624-82-2 C15H20FNO4
    2-(tert-butyloxycarbonylamino)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)butanoic acid
    —— Brcdr 1022-79-3 C9H12BrN3O4
    Brcdr
    —— (2Z)-3-amino-3-[(4-aminophenyl)sulfanyl]-2-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enenitrile 305350-87-2 C16H12F3N3S
    (2Z)-3-amino-3-[(4-aminophenyl)sulfanyl]-2-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enenitrile
    —— Rhodojaponin III 26342-66-5 C20H32O6
    Rhodojaponin III
    —— gambogic acid 2752-65-0 C38H44O8
    gambogic acid
    —— 9-{5-o-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonyl]pentofuranosyl}-9h-purin-6-amine 55197-13-2 C17H19N5O6S
    9-{5-o-[(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonyl]pentofuranosyl}-9h-purin-6-amine
    —— (3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)chromane-3,5,7-triol 490-46-0 C15H14O6
    (3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)chromane-3,5,7-triol
    —— 1-[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-5-iodo-pyrimidine-2,4-dione 1024-99-3 C9H11IN2O6
    1-[3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-5-iodo-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— Z-Gly-Gly-Val-OH 34152-86-8 C17H23N3O6
    Z-Gly-Gly-Val-OH
    —— 4,6-O-Ethylidene-D-glucopyranose 13224-99-2 C8H14O6
    4,6-O-Ethylidene-D-glucopyranose
    —— disodium N-carboxylglycinate 35783-03-0 C3H3NO4*2Na
    disodium N-carboxylglycinate
    —— 9H-Purine,8-diamino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl- 3868-33-5 C10H14N6O4
    9H-Purine,8-diamino-9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-
    —— N-(2-{[(Benzyloxy)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-4-carboxy-1-hydroxybutylidene)tyrosine 988-75-0 C22H24N2O8
    N-(2-{[(Benzyloxy)(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-4-carboxy-1-hydroxybutylidene)tyrosine
    —— 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-nitrophenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol 7493-95-0 C12H15NO8
    2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-nitrophenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (3b<i>S</i>)-10b-methyl-(3b<i>r</i>,10a<i>c</i>,10b<i>t</i>)-Δ<sup>2,3a(12a)</sup>-decahydro-5a<i>t</i>,8<i>t</i>-methano-cyclohepta[5,6]naphtho[2,1-<i>b</i>]furan-7-one 108664-98-8 C19H24O2
    (3b<i>S</i>)-10b-methyl-(3b<i>r</i>,10a<i>c</i>,10b<i>t</i>)-Δ<sup>2,3a(12a)</sup>-decahydro-5a<i>t</i>,8<i>t</i>-methano-cyclohepta[5,6]naphtho[2,1-<i>b</i>]furan-7-one
    —— 16-Oxocafestol 108664-98-8 C19H24O2
    16-Oxocafestol
    —— [3,4-Bis(phenylmethoxy)-5-(phenylmethoxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl] 4-nitrobenzoate 81025-70-9 C33H31NO8
    [3,4-Bis(phenylmethoxy)-5-(phenylmethoxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl] 4-nitrobenzoate
    —— Cysteyl-Glycin 19246-18-5 C5H10N2O3S
    Cysteyl-Glycin
    —— Rhodionin 85571-15-9 C21H20O11
    Rhodionin
    —— 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-D-glucose 132732-60-6 C27H30O5
    3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-D-glucose
    —— 3,4,5-Tris(phenylmethoxy)oxan-2-ol 18039-26-4 C26H28O5
    3,4,5-Tris(phenylmethoxy)oxan-2-ol
    —— Ursolic acid methylester 32208-45-0 C31H50O3
    Ursolic acid methylester
    —— Ursolinsaeuremethylester 32208-45-0 C31H50O3
    Ursolinsaeuremethylester
    —— N<sup>α</sup>-Boc-Cys(4-Me-Bzl) 61925-77-7 C16H21NO5S
    N<sup>α</sup>-Boc-Cys(4-Me-Bzl)
    —— O-Glycyl-L-threonin 27174-15-8 C6H12N2O4
    O-Glycyl-L-threonin
    —— 5'-Deoxy-5'-aminoadenosine 14365-44-7 C10H14N6O3
    5'-Deoxy-5'-aminoadenosine
    —— n-hexyl 1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside 85618-19-5 C12H24O5S
    n-hexyl 1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— 11,17-Dihydroxy-6-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 6870-94-6 C22H30O4
    11,17-Dihydroxy-6-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione
    —— Z-Lys(Boc)-OSu 3338-34-9 C23H31N3O8
    Z-Lys(Boc)-OSu
    —— 3'-O-Methyl-evomonoside 466-07-9 C30H46O8
    3'-O-Methyl-evomonoside
    —— L-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-[4-13C]glutamine 932735-43-8 C13H16N2O5
    L-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-[4-13C]glutamine
    —— 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride 39994-70-2 C6H13NO3*ClH
    2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride
    —— [N-{[4-(5,9-diethoxy-6-oxo-6,8-dihydro-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-g]quinolin-7-yl)-3-methylbenzyl]sulphonyl}-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide] 915191-42-3 C32H33N3O7S
    [N-{[4-(5,9-diethoxy-6-oxo-6,8-dihydro-7H-pyrrolo[3,4-g]quinolin-7-yl)-3-methylbenzyl]sulphonyl}-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)acetamide]
    —— 3-oxo-N-phenyl-4-(phenylhydrazinylidene)naphthalene-2-carboxamide 3789-75-1 C23H17N3O2
    3-oxo-N-phenyl-4-(phenylhydrazinylidene)naphthalene-2-carboxamide
    —— 5-Chloro-1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione 2880-89-9 C9H11ClN2O6
    5-Chloro-1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— (2-Tert-butyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazinan-4-yl)(4-nitrophenyl)methanone 50259-99-9 C20H23N3O4
    (2-Tert-butyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazinan-4-yl)(4-nitrophenyl)methanone
    —— N-Carbobenzoxy-DL-serin-tert.-butylester 59859-77-7 C15H21NO5
    N-Carbobenzoxy-DL-serin-tert.-butylester
    —— Akt Inhibitor V, Triciribine 35943-35-2 C13H16N6O4
    Akt Inhibitor V, Triciribine
    —— vaniprevir 923590-37-8 C38H55N5O9S
    vaniprevir
    —— S-Methyl cysteine sulfoxide 6853-87-8 C4H9NO3S
    S-Methyl cysteine sulfoxide
    —— (S)-1-(4-acetamido-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)propan-2-yl (2-cyanoethyl) diisopropylphosphoramidite 1159174-80-7 C39H48N5O7P
    (S)-1-(4-acetamido-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-3-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)propan-2-yl (2-cyanoethyl) diisopropylphosphoramidite
    —— <i>cis</i>-1-glycyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline 24587-32-4 C7H12N2O4
    <i>cis</i>-1-glycyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline
    —— (R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 160347-90-0 C10H15NO5
    (R)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— polymyxin B1 1404-26-8 C56H98N16O13
    polymyxin B1
    —— H-89 127243-85-0 C20H20BrN3O2S
    H-89
    —— ingenol-3,4:5,20-diacetonide 77573-44-5 C26H36O5
    ingenol-3,4:5,20-diacetonide
    —— gomisin C 58546-56-8 C30H32O9
    gomisin C
    —— (1R,2S,10S,11R,15S,18R)-9,10,15,18-tetrahydroxy-12,12-dimethyl-6-methylidene-17-oxapentacyclo[7.6.2.15,8.01,11.02,8]octadecan-7-one 28957-04-2 C20H28O6
    (1R,2S,10S,11R,15S,18R)-9,10,15,18-tetrahydroxy-12,12-dimethyl-6-methylidene-17-oxapentacyclo[7.6.2.15,8.01,11.02,8]octadecan-7-one