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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— δ-tocopherol 119-13-1 C27H46O2
    δ-tocopherol
    —— methyl (2Z)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acrylate 7560-49-8 C13H16O5
    methyl (2Z)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acrylate
    —— 3'-Epi Gemcitabine 3',5'-Dibenzoate 134790-39-9 C23H19F2N3O6
    3'-Epi Gemcitabine 3',5'-Dibenzoate
    —— Totarol 511-15-9 C20H30O
    Totarol
    —— (+/-)-totarol 511-15-9 C20H30O
    (+/-)-totarol
    —— <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl)-histidine 38972-84-8 C16H18N4O5
    <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl)-histidine
    —— D-galactonic acid lactone 1128-23-0 C6H10O6
    D-galactonic acid lactone
    —— D-Allono-γ-lacton 1128-23-0 C6H10O6
    D-Allono-γ-lacton
    —— L-gulono-1,4-lactone 1128-23-0 C6H10O6
    L-gulono-1,4-lactone
    —— D-galactono-1,4-lactone 1128-23-0 C6H10O6
    D-galactono-1,4-lactone
    —— D-gulonic acid-δ-lactone 1128-23-0 C6H10O6
    D-gulonic acid-δ-lactone
    —— Schleimsaeure, galactaric acid 87-73-0 C6H10O8
    Schleimsaeure, galactaric acid
    —— 11-deoxo-6-oxo-5α,6-dihydrojervine 19773-24-1 C27H41NO3
    11-deoxo-6-oxo-5α,6-dihydrojervine
    —— <i>N</i>-<i>cis</i>-cinnamoyl-glycine 16534-24-0 C11H11NO3
    <i>N</i>-<i>cis</i>-cinnamoyl-glycine
    —— beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta,6alpha,16beta,24R)-3-[(2,3-di-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-20,24-epoxy-16,25-dihydroxy-9,19-cyclolanostan-6-yl 91739-00-3 C45H72O16
    beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta,6alpha,16beta,24R)-3-[(2,3-di-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-20,24-epoxy-16,25-dihydroxy-9,19-cyclolanostan-6-yl
    —— cis-2-amino-2-methyl-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid hydrochloride 156292-34-1 C7H13NO2*ClH
    cis-2-amino-2-methyl-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid hydrochloride
    —— 3,3,3-Trifluoroalaninmethylester 27240-44-4 C4H6F3NO2
    3,3,3-Trifluoroalaninmethylester
    —— 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid 53994-85-7 C13H16ClNO4
    2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid
    —— Octa-O-acetyl-β-D-maltose 3616-19-1 C28H38O19
    Octa-O-acetyl-β-D-maltose
    —— (1S)-(-)-verbenone 1196-01-6 C10H14O
    (1S)-(-)-verbenone
    —— Verbenon 80-57-9 C10H14O
    Verbenon
    —— nastorazepide 209219-38-5 C29H36N4O5
    nastorazepide
    —— 2-amino-4-methyl-1-pentanol 53448-09-2 C6H15NO
    2-amino-4-methyl-1-pentanol
    —— 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(p-toluoyl)-α-D-erythropentofuranosyl chloride 3601-89-6 C21H21ClO5
    2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-(p-toluoyl)-α-D-erythropentofuranosyl chloride
    —— (R,Z)-3-(N'-(2-hydroxy-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)carboximidoyl chloride)pyridine-1-oxide 289893-25-0 C14H20ClN3O3
    (R,Z)-3-(N'-(2-hydroxy-3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)carboximidoyl chloride)pyridine-1-oxide
    —— trans-2-amino-4-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid 54162-90-2 C7H11NO2
    trans-2-amino-4-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
    —— sodium salt of N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-anisidine 82692-96-4 C12H18NO5S*Na
    sodium salt of N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-m-anisidine
    —— ML130 799264-47-4 C14H13N3O2S
    ML130
    —— (3R,8S)-falcarindiol 225110-25-8 C17H24O2
    (3R,8S)-falcarindiol
    —— (2S)-1-[4-[(2S,4R)-3,3-difluoro-11-tetracyclo[10.4.0.02,4.05,10]hexadeca-1(16),5,7,9,12,14-hexaenyl]piperazin-1-yl]-3-quinolin-5-yloxypropan-2-ol 167354-41-8 C32H31F2N3O2
    (2S)-1-[4-[(2S,4R)-3,3-difluoro-11-tetracyclo[10.4.0.02,4.05,10]hexadeca-1(16),5,7,9,12,14-hexaenyl]piperazin-1-yl]-3-quinolin-5-yloxypropan-2-ol
    —— [Cys-Gly]2 7729-20-6 C10H18N4O6S2
    [Cys-Gly]2
    —— (R)-1-(1-(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile 1539314-06-1 C14H13F3N2O2S
    (R)-1-(1-(methylsulfonyl)propan-2-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-5-carbonitrile
    —— methyl N,N-dimethyl-malonamate 26387-74-6 C6H11NO3
    methyl N,N-dimethyl-malonamate
    —— 5-(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione 51244-45-2 C10H5Cl2NO2S
    5-(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione
    —— 2'-cyclohexylamino-6-piperazin-1-yl[2,4']bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid amide 1201673-28-0 C21H28N6O
    2'-cyclohexylamino-6-piperazin-1-yl[2,4']bipyridinyl-4-carboxylic acid amide
    —— N-t-butyloxycarbonyl D-homoserine sodium salt 67198-87-2 C9H16NO5*Na
    N-t-butyloxycarbonyl D-homoserine sodium salt
    —— Desacetylcinobufotalin 4099-30-3 C24H32O6
    Desacetylcinobufotalin
    —— kamebakaurin A 73981-34-7 C20H30O5
    kamebakaurin A
    —— (S)-2-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino-2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanoic acid methyl ester 188476-33-7 C10H19NO5
    (S)-2-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino-2-methyl-3-hydroxypropanoic acid methyl ester
    —— Phenethyl glucosinolate 499-30-9 C15H21NO9S2
    Phenethyl glucosinolate
    —— 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-α-L-arabinopyranose 77943-33-0 C26H28O5
    2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-α-L-arabinopyranose
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-8-yl]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 59282-55-2 C30H26O12
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-8-yl]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— S-Adenosyl-L-homocystein 979-92-0 C14H20N6O5S
    S-Adenosyl-L-homocystein
    —— 2-[[(1S,3R,9S,12S,14S,16R)-14-hydroxy-15-[(2R,5S)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-9-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 84687-43-4 C41H68O14
    2-[[(1S,3R,9S,12S,14S,16R)-14-hydroxy-15-[(2R,5S)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-9-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (1R,3R,5S,8S,9R,12S,13R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione 17617-45-7 C15H16O6
    (1R,3R,5S,8S,9R,12S,13R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
    —— deltaline 6836-11-9 C27H41NO8
    deltaline
    —— 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-arabinofuranose 60933-68-8 C26H28O5
    2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-arabinofuranose
    —— dithiocarbonic acid <i>O</i>-isopentyl ester 2540-36-5 C6H12OS2
    dithiocarbonic acid <i>O</i>-isopentyl ester
    —— 1-(3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl)quinic acid 1241-87-8 C16H18O9
    1-(3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl)quinic acid
    —— N-cis-caffeoyl putrescine 29554-26-5 C13H18N2O3
    N-cis-caffeoyl putrescine