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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-[(3S,6S,12R,15S,16R,19S)-25-[[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide 120138-50-3 C53H67N9O10S
    N-[(3S,6S,12R,15S,16R,19S)-25-[[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide
    —— 2-amino-N-[10-(4-aminobutyl)-4-{[1-carbamoyl-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-13-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-7-(propan-2-yl)-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-19-yl]-3-phenylpropanamide 103222-11-3 C57H70N12O9S2
    2-amino-N-[10-(4-aminobutyl)-4-{[1-carbamoyl-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-13-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-7-(propan-2-yl)-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-19-yl]-3-phenylpropanamide
    —— sodium 6-(6-amino-8-bromo-purin-9-yl)-2-oxido-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-ol 76939-46-3 C10H10BrN5NaO6P
    sodium 6-(6-amino-8-bromo-purin-9-yl)-2-oxido-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-ol
    —— potassium;(2R)-2-[[(E)-4-ethoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl]amino]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 57938-86-0 C14H16KNO5
    potassium;(2R)-2-[[(E)-4-ethoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl]amino]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate
    —— Sodium 6-(4-acetamidophenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-oxanecarboxylate 120595-80-4 C14H16NNaO8
    Sodium 6-(4-acetamidophenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-oxanecarboxylate
    —— Potassium (R)-[(3-ethoxy-1-methyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl)amino]phenylacetate 961-69-3 C14H16KNO4
    Potassium (R)-[(3-ethoxy-1-methyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl)amino]phenylacetate
    —— 8-Azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione, 8-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-, hydrochloride (1:2) 21102-95-4 C22H32ClN3O3
    8-Azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione, 8-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-, hydrochloride (1:2)
    —— [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,13R,14R,16S,17S,18R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7,14-trihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate 2752-64-9 C33H45NO11
    [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,13R,14R,16S,17S,18R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7,14-trihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate
    —— (+)-magnoflorine chloride 6681-18-1 C20H24NO4*Cl
    (+)-magnoflorine chloride
    —— Sodium ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl phosphate hydrate 149022-20-8 C10H14N5Na2O8P
    Sodium ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl phosphate hydrate
    —— [(4S,5S,6R,10R,12R,14R)-5,6-dihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3,11,11,14-tetramethyl-15-oxo-4-tetracyclo[7.5.1.01,5.010,12]pentadeca-2,7-dienyl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate 75567-37-2 C25H34O6
    [(4S,5S,6R,10R,12R,14R)-5,6-dihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3,11,11,14-tetramethyl-15-oxo-4-tetracyclo[7.5.1.01,5.010,12]pentadeca-2,7-dienyl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate
    —— (1R,9S,12S,13R,14R,17R,18Z,21R,23S,24R,25S,27R)-1,14-Dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 104987-11-3 C44H69NO12
    (1R,9S,12S,13R,14R,17R,18Z,21R,23S,24R,25S,27R)-1,14-Dihydroxy-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— Sodium Bromophenol Blue 34725-61-6 C19H9Br4NaO5S
    Sodium Bromophenol Blue
    —— Nelfinavir mesylate hydrate 159989-65-8 C33H51N3O8S2
    Nelfinavir mesylate hydrate
    —— 3-[18-(2-Carboxylatoethyl)-7,12-bis(ethenyl)-3,8,13,17-tetramethylporphyrin-21,23-diid-2-yl]propanoate;hydron;iron(3+);hydroxide 15489-90-4 C34H33FeN4O5
    3-[18-(2-Carboxylatoethyl)-7,12-bis(ethenyl)-3,8,13,17-tetramethylporphyrin-21,23-diid-2-yl]propanoate;hydron;iron(3+);hydroxide
    —— Pirmavar 61477-94-9 C22H31ClN2O
    Pirmavar
    —— (3,5-Diacetyloxy-4-fluoranyl-oxolan-2-yl)methyl ethanoate 444586-86-1 C11H15FO7
    (3,5-Diacetyloxy-4-fluoranyl-oxolan-2-yl)methyl ethanoate
    —— Taniborbactam 1613267-49-4 C19H28BN3O5
    Taniborbactam
    —— alanine methyl ester protonated form 14316-06-4 C4H10NO2
    alanine methyl ester protonated form
    —— Niobium(5+) pentakis(2-ethylhexanoate) 206564-87-6 C40H75NbO10
    Niobium(5+) pentakis(2-ethylhexanoate)
    —— Bis-(1,3-diethylthiobarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol 47623-98-3 C19H24N4O4S2
    Bis-(1,3-diethylthiobarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol
    —— Sodium;6-fluoro-2-[4-(2-fluorophenyl)phenyl]-3-methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid 96201-88-6 C23H15F2NNaO2+
    Sodium;6-fluoro-2-[4-(2-fluorophenyl)phenyl]-3-methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid
    —— Muramic acid hydrate 1114-41-6 C9H17NO7
    Muramic acid hydrate
    —— Antilysin 9087-70-1 C284H432N84O79S7
    Antilysin
    —— (3S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-hydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one 13463-28-0 C27H32O15
    (3S)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-hydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one
    —— disodium;[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-5-oxohexyl] phosphate 26177-86-6 C6H11Na2O9P
    disodium;[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-5-oxohexyl] phosphate
    —— Adenosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), tetrasodium salt 987-65-5 C10H12N5Na4O13P3
    Adenosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate), tetrasodium salt
    —— [4-Acetyloxy-1,9,12-trihydroxy-15-[2-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]oxy-10,14,17,17-tetramethyl-11-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.03,10.04,7]heptadec-13-en-2-yl] benzoate;trihydrate 148408-66-6 C43H59NO17
    [4-Acetyloxy-1,9,12-trihydroxy-15-[2-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]oxy-10,14,17,17-tetramethyl-11-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.03,10.04,7]heptadec-13-en-2-yl] benzoate;trihydrate
    —— imino-methyl-[1-[6-(3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]cyclopropyl]-oxo-lambda6-sulfane 1352226-88-0 C20H24N6O2S
    imino-methyl-[1-[6-(3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)-2-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]cyclopropyl]-oxo-lambda6-sulfane
    —— 2-(Methylamino)propanoic acid hydrochloride 65672-32-4 C4H10ClNO2
    2-(Methylamino)propanoic acid hydrochloride
    —— Glycine,N-diethyl-, sodium salt 5426-55-1 C6H13NNaO2+
    Glycine,N-diethyl-, sodium salt
    —— alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, beta-D-fructofuranosyl O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.6)-, pentahydrate 17629-30-0 C18H32O16.5H2O
    alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, beta-D-fructofuranosyl O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.6)-, pentahydrate
    —— Sodium;2-(dimethylamino)acetic acid 18319-88-5 C4H9NNaO2+
    Sodium;2-(dimethylamino)acetic acid
    —— (3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine methyl ester 32981-85-4 C17H17NO4
    (3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine methyl ester
    —— N-Methylglycine, sodium salt 4316-73-8 C3H7NNaO2+
    N-Methylglycine, sodium salt
    —— Fucoxanthin 3351-86-8 C42H58O6
    Fucoxanthin
    —— DL-Aspartic acid magnesium salt 7018-07-7 C4H13MgNO8
    DL-Aspartic acid magnesium salt
    —— calcium;2-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate 56116-62-2 C36H28CaCl2N4O6
    calcium;2-[(4-chlorobenzoyl)amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate
    —— HA 130 1229652-21-4 C24H19BFNO5S
    HA 130
    —— (2S)-N-[5-amino-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-1-[(4R,7S,16R)-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-16-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-10-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 90779-69-4 C43H67N11O12S2
    (2S)-N-[5-amino-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-1-[(4R,7S,16R)-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-16-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-10-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
    —— L-threonate 70753-61-6 C4H7O5
    L-threonate
    —— salidroside 10338-51-9 C14H20O7
    salidroside
    —— L-Glutamic acid, 5-(phenylmethyl) ester 1676-73-9 C12H14NO4-
    L-Glutamic acid, 5-(phenylmethyl) ester
    —— Sambicyanin 33012-73-6 C26H29O15+
    Sambicyanin
    —— Delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside 53158-73-9 C26H29O16+
    Delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside
    —— 5-{3-[4-(Aminomethyl)phenoxy]propyl}-2-{(8E)-8-[2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid 1431866-33-9 C31H29N5O3S2
    5-{3-[4-(Aminomethyl)phenoxy]propyl}-2-{(8E)-8-[2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl}-1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid
    —— Disodium;[3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] [[5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate 108320-87-2 C17H25N3Na2O17P2
    Disodium;[3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] [[5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate
    —— Disodium;(2,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-5-oxohexyl) phosphate 26177-86-6 C6H11Na2O9P
    Disodium;(2,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-5-oxohexyl) phosphate
    —— 2-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2S,6S,7R,9R,13R,16R,18R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 41059-79-4 C39H64O13
    2-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2S,6S,7R,9R,13R,16R,18R)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(3R,4S,5S)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-[[(2R,5R,7S,10R,11R,14R,15S,16S,18R,20S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 55466-04-1 C58H94O26
    (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(3R,4S,5S)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-[[(2R,5R,7S,10R,11R,14R,15S,16S,18R,20S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol