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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (Des-Gly10,D-Ala6,Pro-NHEt9)-LHRH 148029-26-9 C56H78N16O12
    (Des-Gly10,D-Ala6,Pro-NHEt9)-LHRH
    —— 4-((1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione 1104546-89-5 C15H12N2O2
    4-((1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene)isoquinoline-1,3(2H,4H)-dione
    —— (2S,5R)-2,6-Diamino-5-hydroxycaproic acid dihydrochloride 172213-74-0 C6H16Cl2N2O3
    (2S,5R)-2,6-Diamino-5-hydroxycaproic acid dihydrochloride
    —— Oxodotreotide acetate 177943-89-4 C73H106N14O27S2
    Oxodotreotide acetate
    —— 25956-17-6 C18H16N2NaO8S2
    —— (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 34096-83-8 C36H54O10
    (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R,3R)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-hydroxybutanoic acid 7093-70-1 C6H12N2O4
    (2R,3R)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
    —— 2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol 20581-41-3 C13H15NO6S
    2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-isothiocyanatophenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Pentanoic acid, 3-methyl-2-oxo-, calcium salt, hydrate (2:1:1) 305808-15-5 C6H12CaO4
    Pentanoic acid, 3-methyl-2-oxo-, calcium salt, hydrate (2:1:1)
    —— 5-(6-Quinolinylmethylidene)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)-4-thiazolone 872573-93-8 C18H13N3OS2
    5-(6-Quinolinylmethylidene)-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethylamino)-4-thiazolone
    —— s-Carboxy-methylcysteine 186537-58-6 C5H9NO4S
    s-Carboxy-methylcysteine
    —— N-(3-Methylbutanoyl)alanyl-N-[4-(difluoromethyl)-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl]-alpha-asparagine 219137-85-6 C22H25F2N3O7
    N-(3-Methylbutanoyl)alanyl-N-[4-(difluoromethyl)-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl]-alpha-asparagine
    —— Kaempferol-7-rhamnoside 69135-41-7 C21H22O10
    Kaempferol-7-rhamnoside
    —— Acetic acid (2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethyl-5-acetylamino-6-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl ester 132152-78-4 C14H20N2O9
    Acetic acid (2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-acetoxy-2-acetoxymethyl-5-acetylamino-6-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-tetrahydro-pyran-4-yl ester
    —— (1R,2R)-2-amino-2-methylcyclohexan-1-ol;hydrochloride 5456-63-3 C7H15NO*ClH
    (1R,2R)-2-amino-2-methylcyclohexan-1-ol;hydrochloride
    —— Zincate(2-), bis[L-aspartato(2-)-kN,kO1]-, dihydrogen, (T-4)- 36393-20-1 C8H9N2O8Zn-3
    Zincate(2-), bis[L-aspartato(2-)-kN,kO1]-, dihydrogen, (T-4)-
    —— β-D-Mannose-1,2-<methyl-orthoacetat>-3,4,6-triacetat 3254-16-8 C15H22O10
    β-D-Mannose-1,2-<methyl-orthoacetat>-3,4,6-triacetat
    —— Se-methyl-L-selenocysteine 2574-71-2 C4H9NO2Se
    Se-methyl-L-selenocysteine
    —— DNP-Pro-Leu-Gly-Met-Trp-Ser-Arg-OH 135662-07-6 C44H61N13O13S
    DNP-Pro-Leu-Gly-Met-Trp-Ser-Arg-OH
    —— Mitoridin 3911-19-1 C20H22N2O2
    Mitoridin
    —— 3-O-Acetyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-galactofuranose 16713-80-7 C14H22O7
    3-O-Acetyl-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-galactofuranose
    —— 114870-03-0 C31H53N3NaO49S8
    —— 5141-20-8 C37H36N2NaO9S3
    —— Fmoc-asp-odmab 172611-77-7 C39H42N2O8
    Fmoc-asp-odmab
    —— 1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-allofuranose 2595-05-3 C12H20O6
    1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-a-D-allofuranose
    —— Fmoc-3-amino-4-chlorobenzoic acid 186320-11-6 C22H16ClNO4
    Fmoc-3-amino-4-chlorobenzoic acid
    —— Copper;[dimethylamino-[[15,24,34-tris[[dimethylamino(dimethylazaniumylidene)methyl]sulfanylmethyl]-2,11,20,37,39,40-hexaza-29,38-diazanidanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1,3(40),4(9),5,7,10,12(39),13(18),14,16,19,21,23,25,27,30(37),31(36),32,34-nonadecaen-6-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]-dimethylazanium;tetrachloride 33864-99-2 C56H68Cl4CuN16S4-2
    Copper;[dimethylamino-[[15,24,34-tris[[dimethylamino(dimethylazaniumylidene)methyl]sulfanylmethyl]-2,11,20,37,39,40-hexaza-29,38-diazanidanonacyclo[28.6.1.13,10.112,19.121,28.04,9.013,18.022,27.031,36]tetraconta-1,3(40),4(9),5,7,10,12(39),13(18),14,16,19,21,23,25,27,30(37),31(36),32,34-nonadecaen-6-yl]methylsulfanyl]methylidene]-dimethylazanium;tetrachloride
    —— γ-Chlor-3.4.5-trimethoxy-butyrophenon 17766-59-5 C13H17ClO4
    γ-Chlor-3.4.5-trimethoxy-butyrophenon
    —— 1-(1'-amino-2',3'-dideoxy-β-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 52450-18-7 C10H15N3O4
    1-(1'-amino-2',3'-dideoxy-β-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
    —— N-[3-(2-azatricyclo[10.4.0.04,9]hexadeca-1(16),4,6,8,12,14-hexaen-10-yn-2-yl)-3-oxopropyl]-6-[(2E)-3,3-dimethyl-2-[(2E,4Z)-5-(1,3,3-trimethylindol-1-ium-2-yl)penta-2,4-dienylidene]indol-1-yl]hexanamide;chloride 2182601-72-3 C50H53N4O2*Cl
    N-[3-(2-azatricyclo[10.4.0.04,9]hexadeca-1(16),4,6,8,12,14-hexaen-10-yn-2-yl)-3-oxopropyl]-6-[(2E)-3,3-dimethyl-2-[(2E,4Z)-5-(1,3,3-trimethylindol-1-ium-2-yl)penta-2,4-dienylidene]indol-1-yl]hexanamide;chloride
    —— 1-{4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-3-((2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy]-2,6-dihydroxy-phenyl}-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-one 20702-77-6 C28H36O15
    1-{4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-3-((2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy]-2,6-dihydroxy-phenyl}-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-one
    —— momordin Ia 95851-40-4 C41H64O13
    momordin Ia
    —— 2,4-O-Benzylidene-D-glucitol 61340-09-8 C13H18O6
    2,4-O-Benzylidene-D-glucitol
    —— Hpi5FB7ogu 99749-54-9 C6H11Na2O9P
    Hpi5FB7ogu
    —— 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal;hydrate 5996-10-1 C6H14O7
    2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanal;hydrate
    —— 15'(=α)-Acetyldigoxin 5511-98-8 C43H66O15
    15'(=α)-Acetyldigoxin
    —— (1S,4aS,5R,7aS)-7-(acetoxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-1-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid 25368-11-0 C18H24O12
    (1S,4aS,5R,7aS)-7-(acetoxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-1-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid
    —— α-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside 470-69-9 C18H32O16
    α-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside
    —— D-2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid disodium salt 103404-90-6 C5H8NaO5
    D-2-Hydroxypentanedioic acid disodium salt
    —— (H-Lys-Thr-Glu-Glu-Ile-Ser-Glu-Val-Asn-[Statine(3S,4S)]-Val-Ala-Glu-Phe-OH) 350228-37-4 C73H118N16O27
    (H-Lys-Thr-Glu-Glu-Ile-Ser-Glu-Val-Asn-[Statine(3S,4S)]-Val-Ala-Glu-Phe-OH)
    —— 2-Aminoacetic acid;(3-carboxy-2-propanoyloxypropyl)-trimethylazanium;chloride 423152-20-9 C12H25ClN2O6
    2-Aminoacetic acid;(3-carboxy-2-propanoyloxypropyl)-trimethylazanium;chloride
    —— Ac-DL-Ser-DL-Asp-DL-Ala-DL-Ala-DL-Val-DL-Asp-DL-xiThr-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Glu-DL-xiIle-DL-xiThr-DL-xiThr-DL-Lys-DL-Asp-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Glu-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Glu-DL-Val-DL-Val-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Ala-DL-Glu-DL-Asn-OH 62304-98-7 C129H215N33O55
    Ac-DL-Ser-DL-Asp-DL-Ala-DL-Ala-DL-Val-DL-Asp-DL-xiThr-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Glu-DL-xiIle-DL-xiThr-DL-xiThr-DL-Lys-DL-Asp-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Glu-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Glu-DL-Val-DL-Val-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Ala-DL-Glu-DL-Asn-OH
    —— D-Guluronic Acid 1986-15-8 C6H10O7
    D-Guluronic Acid
    —— 1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-D-mannopyranose 13100-46-4 C14H20O10
    1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-D-mannopyranose
    —— N-[1-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-[[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]methyl]-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-oxopyrimidin-4-yl]benzamide 81256-87-3 C43H49N3O8Si
    N-[1-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-[[bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-phenylmethoxy]methyl]-3-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-oxopyrimidin-4-yl]benzamide
    —— (R)-4-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-(((benzyloxy)methyl)amino)butanoic acid 369611-58-5 C27H28N2O5
    (R)-4-((((9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-(((benzyloxy)methyl)amino)butanoic acid
    —— [6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 94079-81-9 C35H46O19
    [6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— methyl 2-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside 25577-40-6 C16H20O7
    methyl 2-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside
    —— Trypsin Inhibitor (soybean) 57285-09-3 C284H432N84O79S7
    Trypsin Inhibitor (soybean)
    —— GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose 15839-70-0 C16H25N5O15P2
    GDP-6-deoxy-D-mannose