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生物化工

生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。

生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— γ-Lumicolchicin 6901-13-9 C22H25NO6
γ-Lumicolchicin
—— QRPRLSHKGPMPF 217082-58-1 C69H111N23O16S
QRPRLSHKGPMPF
—— β-Lumicolchicin 6901-13-9 C22H25NO6
β-Lumicolchicin
—— (2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone 1332881-26-1 C21H19N3O4
(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methanone
—— H-Gly-Val-Ser-Gly-His-Gly-Gln-His-Gly-Val-His-Gly-OH 347884-62-2 C46H69N19O15
H-Gly-Val-Ser-Gly-His-Gly-Gln-His-Gly-Val-His-Gly-OH
—— 1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> 72203-93-1 C27H44O4
1,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>
—— (Z)-3-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-(3,3-difluoroazetidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one 1421919-75-6 C16H10F8N4O
(Z)-3-(3-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-(3,3-difluoroazetidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
—— Lobeglitazone sulfate 763108-62-9 C24H24N4O5S*H2O4S
Lobeglitazone sulfate
—— (3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3,4,5-tris(phenylmethoxy)-6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)oxane 67525-68-2 C41H42O7
(3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-3,4,5-tris(phenylmethoxy)-6-(phenylmethoxymethyl)oxane
—— Dicyclohexylamin-Salz von Boc-D-His(Boc) 31687-58-8 C12H23N*C16H25N3O6
Dicyclohexylamin-Salz von Boc-D-His(Boc)
—— (-)-1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid 1073897-80-9 C34H30O15
(-)-1,3,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid
—— 4-<(2-Chloroethyl)(2-mesyloxyethyl)amino>benzoyl-L-glutamic acid 122665-73-0 C17H23ClN2O8S
4-<(2-Chloroethyl)(2-mesyloxyethyl)amino>benzoyl-L-glutamic acid
—— carnosol 5957-80-2 C20H26O4
carnosol
—— methyl protogracillin 54522-53-1 C52H86O23
methyl protogracillin
—— 4-N-Acetylcytidine 3768-18-1 C11H15N3O6
4-N-Acetylcytidine
—— 1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8Z)-2-N-(2’-hydroxypalmitoyl)octadecasphinga-4,8-dienine 87384-99-4 C40H75NO9
1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8Z)-2-N-(2’-hydroxypalmitoyl)octadecasphinga-4,8-dienine
—— 6-(2-amino-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid (3-trifluoromethyl phenyl)amide 861875-60-7 C22H15F3N4O2
6-(2-amino-pyrimidin-4-yloxy)naphthalene-1-carboxylic acid (3-trifluoromethyl phenyl)amide
—— N-{4-[4-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl]thiazol-2-yl}pyridine-4-carboxamide 1334921-03-7 C24H21N3O3S
N-{4-[4-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl]thiazol-2-yl}pyridine-4-carboxamide
—— <i>N</i>-trityl-DL-alanine ; diethylamine salt 3226-91-3 C4H11N*C22H21NO2
<i>N</i>-trityl-DL-alanine ; diethylamine salt
—— brilliant cresyl blue 81029-05-2 C17H21N4O*Cl
brilliant cresyl blue
—— tert-butyl N-methyl-N-(pent-4-yn-1-yl)carbamate 1312304-14-5 C11H19NO2
tert-butyl N-methyl-N-(pent-4-yn-1-yl)carbamate
—— <i>N</i>-Ξ-prolyl-L-valine 52899-09-9 C10H18N2O3
<i>N</i>-Ξ-prolyl-L-valine
—— dehydropachymic acid 77012-31-8 C33H50O5
dehydropachymic acid
—— Picroside 39012-20-9 C23H28O13
Picroside
—— NSC89640 1655-49-8 C18H18N6O10
NSC89640
—— butanoyl-alanine 55930-29-5 C7H13NO3
butanoyl-alanine
—— 1alpha-Hydroxy VD4 143032-85-3 C28H46O2
1alpha-Hydroxy VD4
—— uridine-3'-phosphate disodium salt 35170-03-7 C9H11N2O9P*2Na
uridine-3'-phosphate disodium salt
—— Pixantrone dimaleate 144675-97-8 C25H27N5O10
Pixantrone dimaleate
—— (S)-2-Amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid 2-oxopentanedioic acid (2:1) 5256-76-8 C17H34N8O9
(S)-2-Amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid 2-oxopentanedioic acid (2:1)
—— Novokinin 358738-77-9 C39H61N11O7
Novokinin
—— phenolsulphophthaleine sodium salt 34487-61-1 C19H13O5S*Na
phenolsulphophthaleine sodium salt
—— (+)-δ-cadinene 483-76-1 C15H24
(+)-δ-cadinene
—— myoporoside 50906-66-6 C15H24O9
myoporoside
—— Grayanotoxin-I 4619-00-5 C22H36O7
Grayanotoxin-I
—— (7<i>R</i>)-12<i>anti</i>-acetoxy-1,1,4,8-tetramethyl-(3a<i>c</i>,4a<i>t</i>)-dodecahydro-7<i>r</i>,9a<i>c</i>-methano-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]heptalene-2<i>t</i>,4<i>c</i>,8<i>c</i>,11<i>t</i>,11a<i>t</i>-pentaol 4619-00-5 C22H36O7
(7<i>R</i>)-12<i>anti</i>-acetoxy-1,1,4,8-tetramethyl-(3a<i>c</i>,4a<i>t</i>)-dodecahydro-7<i>r</i>,9a<i>c</i>-methano-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]heptalene-2<i>t</i>,4<i>c</i>,8<i>c</i>,11<i>t</i>,11a<i>t</i>-pentaol
—— Mast cell degranulating peptide (Vespula lewisii) 72093-21-1 C70H131N19O15
Mast cell degranulating peptide (Vespula lewisii)
—— Phytochemistry 12: 391 (1973) 11141-17-6 C35H44O16
Phytochemistry 12: 391 (1973)
—— benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone 161401-82-7 C21H28FN3O7
benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone
—— D-xylonic acid ; calcium compound 72656-08-7 2C5H9O6*Ca
D-xylonic acid ; calcium compound
—— 3-(4-{1-[2-(4-amino-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-furazan-3-ylamino)-propionitrile 798577-91-0 C20H17N7O2
3-(4-{1-[2-(4-amino-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl]-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl}-furazan-3-ylamino)-propionitrile
—— pyronine B 2150-48-3 C21H27N2O*Cl4Fe
pyronine B
—— 3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid 86632-03-3 C34H30O15
3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid
—— 15N-cysteine 204523-09-1 C3H7NO2S
15N-cysteine
—— 3,4-dimethyl-N-(2-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide 1616385-51-3 C19H17N5O
3,4-dimethyl-N-(2-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide
—— wilfordine 37239-51-3 C43H49NO19
wilfordine
—— 1-methyl-8-[(E)-tridec-2-enyl]quinolin-4-one 15266-38-3 C23H33NO
1-methyl-8-[(E)-tridec-2-enyl]quinolin-4-one
—— (S)-4-Amino-6-((1-(2-isopropyl-8-(1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-3-yl)ethyl)amino)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile 1425043-73-7 C25H25N7O2
(S)-4-Amino-6-((1-(2-isopropyl-8-(1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-3-yl)ethyl)amino)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile
—— Phloracetophenon-4'β-neohesperidosid 18916-17-1 C27H34O14
Phloracetophenon-4'β-neohesperidosid
—— 1-[3-(Acetylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate 64838-55-7 C11H16NO4S-
1-[3-(Acetylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate