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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 4-iodo-1-<5'-<5''-(4'''-methylpiperazin-1'''-yl)benzimidazol-2''-yl>benzimidazol-2'-yl>benzene 158013-43-5 C25H23IN6
    4-iodo-1-<5'-<5''-(4'''-methylpiperazin-1'''-yl)benzimidazol-2''-yl>benzimidazol-2'-yl>benzene
    —— Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Gly 40678-47-5 C43H65N13O12
    Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Gly
    —— Guadecitabine 929901-49-5 C18H24N9O10P
    Guadecitabine
    —— Neohesperidin 13241-33-3 C28H34O15
    Neohesperidin
    —— 150849-52-8 C19H12IN5NaO8S2
    —— 1356922-29-6 C18H24N2NaO5
    —— ZINC;5-oxopyrrolidin-1-ide-2-carboxylate 15454-75-8 C10H10N2O6Zn-2
    ZINC;5-oxopyrrolidin-1-ide-2-carboxylate
    —— (2S,3S)-3-Amino-2-{[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoic acid 361161-57-1 C22H25NO5
    (2S,3S)-3-Amino-2-{[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoic acid
    —— N-(tert-Butyl)-2-((6,6-dimethyl-8-(methylsulfonamido)-11-oxo-6,11-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b]benzofuran-3-yl)ethynyl)-6-methylisonicotinamide 2095616-82-1 C32H31N3O5S
    N-(tert-Butyl)-2-((6,6-dimethyl-8-(methylsulfonamido)-11-oxo-6,11-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b]benzofuran-3-yl)ethynyl)-6-methylisonicotinamide
    —— H-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Lys-DL-Met-DL-Val-DL-Gln-Gly-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Phe-Gly-DL-Arg-DL-Lys-DL-Met-DL-Asp-DL-Arg-DL-xiIle-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Leu-Gly-DL-Cys(1)-D-Lys-D-Val-D-Leu-D-Arg-D-Arg-His-OH 124584-08-3 C143H244N50O42S4
    H-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Lys-DL-Met-DL-Val-DL-Gln-Gly-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Phe-Gly-DL-Arg-DL-Lys-DL-Met-DL-Asp-DL-Arg-DL-xiIle-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Leu-Gly-DL-Cys(1)-D-Lys-D-Val-D-Leu-D-Arg-D-Arg-His-OH
    —— 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-2-deoxy-2-acetamido-1,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranose 36954-63-9 C28H39NO18
    2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-2-deoxy-2-acetamido-1,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranose
    —— (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(allyloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diyl diacetate 28738-44-5 C17H25NO9
    (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(allyloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diyl diacetate
    —— [(2R,5R)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-3-[(4S,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 3616-19-1 C28H38O19
    [(2R,5R)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-3-[(4S,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate
    —— 4-(3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N-(4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide trifluoroacetate 1542213-67-1 C2HF3O2*C17H17ClF3N5OS
    4-(3-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-N-(4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)piperazine-1-carbothioamide trifluoroacetate
    —— Pubchem_71571504 129741-57-7 C60H98O26
    Pubchem_71571504
    —— Isorhamnetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosid 17331-72-5 C22H22O11
    Isorhamnetin-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosid
    —— (2E)-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-[(3-methylphenyl)hydrazinylidene]-1-thiophen-2-ylbutane-1,3-dione 263890-70-6 C15H11F3N2O2S
    (2E)-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-[(3-methylphenyl)hydrazinylidene]-1-thiophen-2-ylbutane-1,3-dione
    —— pseudoscopine 498-45-3 C8H13NO2
    pseudoscopine
    —— 1,2-bis(2-amino-5-fluorophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid 85233-22-3 C22H22F2N2O10
    1,2-bis(2-amino-5-fluorophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid
    —— Sodium 6-hydroxy-1,7-dihydropurin-2-one 1196-43-6 C5H4N4NaO2+
    Sodium 6-hydroxy-1,7-dihydropurin-2-one
    —— EUPHORBIASTEROID(P) 28649-59-4 C32H40O8
    EUPHORBIASTEROID(P)
    —— EUPHORBIASTEROID(P) 28649-59-4 C32H40O8
    EUPHORBIASTEROID(P)
    —— EUPHORBIASTEROID(P) 28649-59-4 C32H40O8
    EUPHORBIASTEROID(P)
    —— N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-Glutamic acid sodium salt(1:x) 51981-21-6 C9H13NNaO8
    N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-Glutamic acid sodium salt(1:x)
    —— (2R)-2-Amino-5-phenylpent-4-enoic acid 264903-53-9 C11H13NO2
    (2R)-2-Amino-5-phenylpent-4-enoic acid
    —— PROTOGRACILLIN(P) 54848-30-5 C51H84O23
    PROTOGRACILLIN(P)
    —— Methyl L-cysteinate 2485-62-3 C4H8NO2S*H
    Methyl L-cysteinate
    —— Ferrate(2-), bis(glycinato-|EO)[sulfato(2-)-|EO,|EO inverted exclamation marka]-, dihydrogen 14729-84-1 C4H9FeN2O8S-
    Ferrate(2-), bis(glycinato-|EO)[sulfato(2-)-|EO,|EO inverted exclamation marka]-, dihydrogen
    —— 102783-51-7 C9H16N3NaO13P3
    —— (3R,4R,5S,6S)-2-methyl-6-[(9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,7,8,10,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenan 75801-95-5 C42H72O15
    (3R,4R,5S,6S)-2-methyl-6-[(9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-4,4,9,13,14-pentamethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,7,8,10,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenan
    —— Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Tyr-D-Cit-Leu-Arg-Pro-D-Ala-NH2 Acetate 130143-01-0 C76H104ClN17O20
    Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Tyr-D-Cit-Leu-Arg-Pro-D-Ala-NH2 Acetate
    —— 74135-10-7 C12H22NaO35S8
    —— 3624-68-8 C16H11ClN2NaO8S2
    —— Sephadex G 200 9041-36-5 C120H98Cl2F6N16O19
    Sephadex G 200
    —— Bis-PEG25-NHS ester 2221948-96-3 C62H112N2O33
    Bis-PEG25-NHS ester
    —— (-)epicatechin-(-)-epicatechin 2271-17-2 C30H26O12
    (-)epicatechin-(-)-epicatechin
    —— (Z)-4-[(1S,2S,8S,19R)-12-hydroxy-8,21,21-trimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.02,15.02,19.04,13.06,11]docosa-4(13),5,9,11,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid 887606-04-4 C38H44O8
    (Z)-4-[(1S,2S,8S,19R)-12-hydroxy-8,21,21-trimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-14,18-dioxo-3,7,20-trioxahexacyclo[15.4.1.02,15.02,19.04,13.06,11]docosa-4(13),5,9,11,15-pentaen-19-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid
    —— (S)-2-Amino-3-[4-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-ethoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid methyl ester 897962-34-4 C17H26N2O5
    (S)-2-Amino-3-[4-(2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-ethoxy)-phenyl]-propionic acid methyl ester
    —— Flavinadeninedinucleotidedisodium(FADdisodium) 84366-81-4 C27H33N9NaO15P2
    Flavinadeninedinucleotidedisodium(FADdisodium)
    —— (2Z,6Z,10Z,14Z,18Z,22E,26E,30E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35-nonamethyl-hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol 13190-97-1 C45H74O
    (2Z,6Z,10Z,14Z,18Z,22E,26E,30E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35-nonamethyl-hexatriaconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34-nonaen-1-ol
    —— (R)-2-methyl-azetidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester 1384745-43-0 C20H19NO4
    (R)-2-methyl-azetidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester
    —— D-Arabinosyl-5-fluorcytosin 2341-22-2 C9H12FN3O5
    D-Arabinosyl-5-fluorcytosin
    —— L-arginine p-nitroanilide dihydrochloride 40127-11-5 C12H18N6O3*2ClH
    L-arginine p-nitroanilide dihydrochloride
    —— 4-[(2S,7R)-10,11-dimethyl-8-methylidene-1,5,11-triazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]tridec-9-en-5-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one 313368-91-1 C23H30FN3O
    4-[(2S,7R)-10,11-dimethyl-8-methylidene-1,5,11-triazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,7]tridec-9-en-5-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one
    —— 5-[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[2-[[5-Amino-2-[2-[[2-[[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]ethylamino]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid 396716-14-6 C70H104N22O18S
    5-[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[2-[[5-Amino-2-[2-[[2-[[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]propanoylamino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]ethylamino]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid
    —— H-Ala-Gly-Glu-Gly-Leu-Asn-Ser-Gln-Phe-Trp-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2.H-Ala-Gly-Glu-Gly-Leu-Asn-Ser-Gln-Phe-Trp-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2 192387-38-5 C180H264N52O50
    H-Ala-Gly-Glu-Gly-Leu-Asn-Ser-Gln-Phe-Trp-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2.H-Ala-Gly-Glu-Gly-Leu-Asn-Ser-Gln-Phe-Trp-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2
    —— L-Prolinamide, N-[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]benzoyl]-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-arginyl-L-norleucyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-phenylalanyl-N-[2-[(5-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)amino]ethyl]-(9CI) 263718-22-5 C76H98N16O15S
    L-Prolinamide, N-[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]benzoyl]-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-arginyl-L-norleucyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucyl-L-seryl-L-phenylalanyl-N-[2-[(5-sulfo-1-naphthalenyl)amino]ethyl]-(9CI)
    —— L-Glc(a1-4)[L-Glc(a1-6)]L-Glc(a1-4)a-L-Glc 9005-79-2 C24H42O21
    L-Glc(a1-4)[L-Glc(a1-6)]L-Glc(a1-4)a-L-Glc
    —— saikosaponin i 103629-71-6 C48H78O17
    saikosaponin i
    —— Uridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), P'-a-D-xylopyranosyl ester,disodium salt 108320-89-4 C14H22N2Na2O16P2
    Uridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), P'-a-D-xylopyranosyl ester,disodium salt