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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Dxd 1599440-33-1 C26H24FN3O6
    Dxd
    —— (1R,5Z)-5-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-1-[(2R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol 50648-94-7 C27H44O4
    (1R,5Z)-5-[(2E)-2-[(1R,3aS,7aR)-1-[(2R)-5,6-dihydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]-4-methylidenecyclohexane-1,3-diol
    —— (3R,5R)-4-{[(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 905-99-7 C16H18O9
    (3R,5R)-4-{[(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy}-1,3,5-trihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— <i>N</i>-carbamoyl-L-glutamic acid diethyl ester 911658-62-3 C10H18N2O5
    <i>N</i>-carbamoyl-L-glutamic acid diethyl ester
    —— (4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-5-oxo-5-[2-[(5-sulfonaphthalen-1-yl)amino]ethylamino]pentanoic acid 730985-86-1 C95H141N25O24S2
    (4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-5-oxo-5-[2-[(5-sulfonaphthalen-1-yl)amino]ethylamino]pentanoic acid
    —— 20-isohecogenin 467-55-0 C27H42O4
    20-isohecogenin
    —— b-D-Glucopyranoside,(3b,5a,25R)-spirostan-3-yl 2-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl- (9CI) 41059-79-4 C39H64O13
    b-D-Glucopyranoside,(3b,5a,25R)-spirostan-3-yl 2-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl- (9CI)
    —— 68-amino-36-(4-aminobutyl)-N-[1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-22,51-bis(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-33,60-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-8,47,78-trihydroxy-13,39-bis(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,16,57,74,86,89-hexakis(hydroxymethyl)-19,42-bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,5,11,14,17,20,23,32,35,38,41,44,50,53,56,59,62,69,72,75,81,84,87,90,97-pentacosaoxo-71-[4-[6-[5-(2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoylamino]hexanoylamino]butyl]-27,28,65,66,93,94-hexathia-3,6,12,15,18,21,24,31,34,37,40,43,49,52,55,58,61,70,73,76,82,85,88,91,96-pentacosazahexacyclo[52.37.4.225,63.06,10.045,49.076,80]heptanonacontane-30-carboxamide 151928-23-3 C136H207N41O46S7
    68-amino-36-(4-aminobutyl)-N-[1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-22,51-bis(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-33,60-bis(3-carbamimidamidopropyl)-8,47,78-trihydroxy-13,39-bis(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,16,57,74,86,89-hexakis(hydroxymethyl)-19,42-bis[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,5,11,14,17,20,23,32,35,38,41,44,50,53,56,59,62,69,72,75,81,84,87,90,97-pentacosaoxo-71-[4-[6-[5-(2-oxo-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrothieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanoylamino]hexanoylamino]butyl]-27,28,65,66,93,94-hexathia-3,6,12,15,18,21,24,31,34,37,40,43,49,52,55,58,61,70,73,76,82,85,88,91,96-pentacosazahexacyclo[52.37.4.225,63.06,10.045,49.076,80]heptanonacontane-30-carboxamide
    —— cis-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-r-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 21472-50-4 C13H16O3
    cis-2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-r-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
    —— FMOC-TRANEXAMIC ACID 167690-53-1 C23H25NO4
    FMOC-TRANEXAMIC ACID
    —— 34722-90-2 C27H28Br2NaO5S
    —— 11β,21-Dihydroxy-16α,17α-isopropylidendioxy-3.20-dioxo-pregnadien-(1.4) 638-94-8 C24H32O6
    11β,21-Dihydroxy-16α,17α-isopropylidendioxy-3.20-dioxo-pregnadien-(1.4)
    —— 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-ξ-D-talopyranosyl bromide 572-09-8 C14H19BrO9
    2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-ξ-D-talopyranosyl bromide
    —— (1R,2S,4R,5R)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-ol;hydrochloride 85700-55-6 C8H14ClNO2
    (1R,2S,4R,5R)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-ol;hydrochloride
    —— cladribine 4291-63-8 C10H12ClN5O3
    cladribine
    —— L-Alanine 56-41-7 C3H6NO2*H
    L-Alanine
    —— cyclo<->4)-<O-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)>5-O-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->> 10016-20-3 C36H60O30
    cyclo<->4)-<O-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)>5-O-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->>
    —— cyclo<->4)-<O-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)>5-O-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->> 10016-20-3 C36H60O30
    cyclo<->4)-<O-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)>5-O-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->>
    —— α-cyclodextrin 10016-20-3 C36H60O30
    α-cyclodextrin
    —— 5-((9S,17R)-3,14-Dihydroxy-10-hydroxymethyl-13-methyl-hexadecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-pyran-2-one 39844-86-5 C24H34O5
    5-((9S,17R)-3,14-Dihydroxy-10-hydroxymethyl-13-methyl-hexadecahydro-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-pyran-2-one
    —— Santalol, cis, alpha 115-71-9 C15H24O
    Santalol, cis, alpha
    —— ADP 1172-42-5 C10H13N5O10P2*2Na
    ADP
    —— O1,O2,O3,O4-Tetraacetyl-O6-(tri-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-ξ-D-galactopyranose 5239-09-8 C26H36O17
    O1,O2,O3,O4-Tetraacetyl-O6-(tri-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-ξ-D-galactopyranose
    —— Azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione,4-(acetyloxy)decahydro-4a,8-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (3aR,4R,4aR,7aS,8S,9aS)- 17066-71-6 C17H22O5
    Azuleno[6,5-b]furan-2,5-dione,4-(acetyloxy)decahydro-4a,8-dimethyl-3-methylene-, (3aR,4R,4aR,7aS,8S,9aS)-
    —— Human endothelin 117399-94-7 C109H159N25O32S5
    Human endothelin
    —— doxycycline hydrochloride 10592-13-9 C22H24N2O8*ClH
    doxycycline hydrochloride
    —— ATP disodium salt 606-67-7 C10H14N5O13P3*2Na
    ATP disodium salt
    —— methyl glycine diacetic acid trisodium salt 164462-16-2 C7H8NO6*3Na
    methyl glycine diacetic acid trisodium salt
    —— LCZ696 936623-90-4 C24H27N5O3*C24H28NO5*2H2O*3Na
    LCZ696
    —— mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 tetrasodium salt 220201-34-3 C38H37N5O9*4Na
    mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 tetrasodium salt
    —— Ovidonin 28957-04-2 C20H28O6
    Ovidonin
    —— ATRACTYLOSIDE POTASSIUM SALT 17754-44-8 C30H44O16S2*2K
    ATRACTYLOSIDE POTASSIUM SALT
    —— pentasodium 5-phosphoribosyl-α-1-pyrophosphate 87372-47-2 C5H8O14P3*5Na
    pentasodium 5-phosphoribosyl-α-1-pyrophosphate
    —— Methanaminium,N-[(dimethylamino)(3H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yloxy)methylene]-N-methyl-, hexafluorophosphate(1-) 200731-31-3 C10H15N6O*F6P
    Methanaminium,N-[(dimethylamino)(3H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yloxy)methylene]-N-methyl-, hexafluorophosphate(1-)
    —— Kaur-16-en-15-one,7,20-epoxy-1,6,7,14-tetrahydroxy-, (1a,5a,6a,7b,8b,9a,10b,13b,14S)- 28957-04-2 C20H28O6
    Kaur-16-en-15-one,7,20-epoxy-1,6,7,14-tetrahydroxy-, (1a,5a,6a,7b,8b,9a,10b,13b,14S)-
    —— Kaur-16-en-15-one,7,20-epoxy-1,6,7,14-tetrahydroxy-, (1a,5a,6a,7b,8b,9a,10b,13b,14S)- 28957-04-2 C20H28O6
    Kaur-16-en-15-one,7,20-epoxy-1,6,7,14-tetrahydroxy-, (1a,5a,6a,7b,8b,9a,10b,13b,14S)-
    —— 4691-65-0 C10H13N4NaO8P
    —— GAMBOGIC ACID 2752-65-0 C38H44O8
    GAMBOGIC ACID
    —— D-Galactose, O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)- 1109-28-0 C18H32O16
    D-Galactose, O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-
    —— 2-iodo-6-chloro-9-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)purine 313477-85-9 C10H10ClIN4O4
    2-iodo-6-chloro-9-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)purine
    —— dehydroepiandrosterone-17-hydrazone 63015-10-1 C19H30N2O
    dehydroepiandrosterone-17-hydrazone
    —— cholesterol 57-88-5 C27H46O
    cholesterol
    —— GAMBOGIC ACID 2752-65-0 C38H44O8
    GAMBOGIC ACID
    —— glycine 56-40-6 C2H6NO2*Cl
    glycine
    —— AESCIN IB(SH) 26339-90-2 C55H86O24
    AESCIN IB(SH)
    —— 17α-hydroxydigitoxigenin 26629-41-4 C23H34O5
    17α-hydroxydigitoxigenin
    —— (S)-2-methyl-azetidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester 1384745-40-7 C20H19NO4
    (S)-2-methyl-azetidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl) ester
    —— methotrexate disodium salt 7413-34-5 C20H20N8O5*2Na
    methotrexate disodium salt
    —— sodium,[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl [hydroxy-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphosphoryl] phosphate 6858-46-4 C15H22N2O17P2*2Na
    sodium,[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl [hydroxy-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphosphoryl] phosphate
    —— (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2 67400-17-3 C36H62O8
    (20S)-ginsenoside Rh2