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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl) (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;hydrochloride 55-16-3 C17H22ClNO4
    (9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl) (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;hydrochloride
    —— 2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 7-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo- 1260-17-9 C22H20O13
    2-Anthracenecarboxylic acid, 7-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10-dioxo-
    —— (2R)-3-[(6R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2'R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    (2R)-3-[(6R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2'R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— (<i>S</i>)-<i>p</i>-menthadien-(1.8)-al-(7)-<i>seqcis</i>-oxime 138-91-0 C10H15NO
    (<i>S</i>)-<i>p</i>-menthadien-(1.8)-al-(7)-<i>seqcis</i>-oxime
    —— (+)-perillaldehyde <i>seqcis</i>-oxime 138-91-0 C10H15NO
    (+)-perillaldehyde <i>seqcis</i>-oxime
    —— perillartine 30950-27-7 C10H15NO
    perillartine
    —— (S)-perillaldehyde oxime 138-91-0 C10H15NO
    (S)-perillaldehyde oxime
    —— 8-(2-amino-3-chloro-5-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)pyridin-4-yl)-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one 1607837-31-9 C21H23ClN6O
    8-(2-amino-3-chloro-5-(1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)pyridin-4-yl)-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-1-one
    —— 1H-4,9a-Ethanocyclohepta(c)pyran-7-carboxylic acid, 4a-(acetyloxy)-3-(4-carboxy-1,3-pentadienyl)3,4,4a,5,6,9-hexahydro-3-methyl-1-oxo-, 7-methyl ester, (3-alpha(1E,3E),4-alpha,4a-alpha,9a-alpha)-(-)- 82508-31-4 C23H28O8
    1H-4,9a-Ethanocyclohepta(c)pyran-7-carboxylic acid, 4a-(acetyloxy)-3-(4-carboxy-1,3-pentadienyl)3,4,4a,5,6,9-hexahydro-3-methyl-1-oxo-, 7-methyl ester, (3-alpha(1E,3E),4-alpha,4a-alpha,9a-alpha)-(-)-
    —— notoginsenoside-R1 80418-24-2 C47H80O18
    notoginsenoside-R1
    —— 20(R)-notoginsenoside R2 80418-25-3 C41H70O13
    20(R)-notoginsenoside R2
    —— Bioneem 11141-17-6 C35H44O16
    Bioneem
    —— cucurbitacin E 2612-95-5 C32H44O8
    cucurbitacin E
    —— Neogambogic acid 93772-31-7 C38H46O9
    Neogambogic acid
    —— Schisantherin B 58546-55-7 C28H34O9
    Schisantherin B
    —— UK5099 56396-35-1 C18H12N2O2
    UK5099
    —— 7-Hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid potassium salt 30252-40-5 C10H7O4S*K
    7-Hydroxy-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid potassium salt
    —— 6-(methylamino)purineriboside 1867-73-8 C11H15N5O4
    6-(methylamino)purineriboside
    —— gnidilatidin 60195-70-2 C37H44O10
    gnidilatidin
    —— menisdaurin 67765-58-6 C14H19NO7
    menisdaurin
    —— [6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 94079-81-9 C35H46O19
    [6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— Furanodienon 24268-41-5 C15H18O2
    Furanodienon
    —— (1R,3Z,5R,7S,11R,12R,13S,14S)-1,11,13-trihydroxy-3,6,6,14-tetramethyl-10-methylidenetricyclo[10.3.0.05,7]pentadec-3-en-2-one 34420-19-4 C20H30O4
    (1R,3Z,5R,7S,11R,12R,13S,14S)-1,11,13-trihydroxy-3,6,6,14-tetramethyl-10-methylidenetricyclo[10.3.0.05,7]pentadec-3-en-2-one
    —— KU0063794 938440-64-3 C25H31N5O4
    KU0063794
    —— 2-fluoro-<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-phenylalanine 7557-34-8 C17H16FNO4
    2-fluoro-<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-phenylalanine
    —— corilagin 23094-69-1 C27H22O18
    corilagin
    —— (1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18Z,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 137071-32-0 C43H68ClNO11
    (1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18Z,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— S-1-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-(3-methoxyphenylamino)-propan-2-ol 1235481-43-2 C22H20Br2N2O2
    S-1-(3,6-dibromo-9H-carbazol-9-yl)-3-(3-methoxyphenylamino)-propan-2-ol
    —— [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 93236-42-1 C36H48O20
    [(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— linderane 13476-25-0 C15H16O4
    linderane
    —— GSK2795039 1415925-18-6 C23H26N6O2S
    GSK2795039
    —— [(2R,3S)-1-amino-2-benzyl-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl] carbamate 49705-98-8 C12H16N2O4
    [(2R,3S)-1-amino-2-benzyl-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl] carbamate
    —— methyl 4-(N-2,5-dihydroxybenzylamino)benzoate 140674-76-6 C15H15NO4
    methyl 4-(N-2,5-dihydroxybenzylamino)benzoate
    —— Isomaltonic acid 534-74-7 C12H22O12
    Isomaltonic acid
    —— D-Ribose 1-phosphate cyclohexylamine salt 58459-37-3 C17H37N2O8P
    D-Ribose 1-phosphate cyclohexylamine salt
    —— (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 60213-69-6 C41H66O12
    (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid
    —— 1-Deoxy-1-morpholinofructose 6291-16-3 C10H19NO7
    1-Deoxy-1-morpholinofructose
    —— (2R)-3-[(2S,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,4R,4aS,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    (2R)-3-[(2S,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,4R,4aS,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— (3E)-N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy]-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-carboximidoyl chloride 289893-25-0 C14H20ClN3O3
    (3E)-N-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy]-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-carboximidoyl chloride
    —— 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-cycloundeca-1,4,8-triene 6753-98-6 C15H24
    2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-cycloundeca-1,4,8-triene
    —— (9S)-9-[(9R)-2-Carboxy-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9H-anthracen-9-yl]-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9H-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid 81-27-6 C42H38O20
    (9S)-9-[(9R)-2-Carboxy-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9H-anthracen-9-yl]-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9H-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (25R)-2alpha,15beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-spirostan-3beta-yl beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    (25R)-2alpha,15beta-dihydroxy-5alpha-spirostan-3beta-yl beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->2)-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1->3)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside
    —— nifurtimox 39072-15-6 C10H13N3O5S
    nifurtimox
    —— tubacin 537049-40-4 C41H43N3O7S
    tubacin
    —— 2-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 19083-00-2 C45H72O17
    2-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(5'R,6R,7S,9S,13S,15R,16S,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(5'R,6R,7S,9S,13S,15R,16S,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Acetamide,6,7,9-tetrahydro-1,2,10-trimethoxy-9-oxobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl]- 477-29-2 C27H33NO11
    Acetamide,6,7,9-tetrahydro-1,2,10-trimethoxy-9-oxobenzo[a]heptalen-7-yl]-
    —— Oxiranecarboxylic acid, [2S-[2alpha,3beta(R*)]]- 76684-89-4 C15H26N2O5
    Oxiranecarboxylic acid, [2S-[2alpha,3beta(R*)]]-
    —— L-phenylalanine-3,3-d<sub>2</sub> 221346-31-2 C9H11NO2
    L-phenylalanine-3,3-d<sub>2</sub>
    —— [(3S,5S,6S,8S)-8-[(3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl)carbamoyl]-6-hydroxy-3-[[4-methoxy-3-(3-methoxypropoxy)phenyl]methyl]-2,9-dimethyldecan-5-yl]azanium;(E)-but-2-enedioate 173334-58-2 C64H110N6O16
    [(3S,5S,6S,8S)-8-[(3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-3-oxopropyl)carbamoyl]-6-hydroxy-3-[[4-methoxy-3-(3-methoxypropoxy)phenyl]methyl]-2,9-dimethyldecan-5-yl]azanium;(E)-but-2-enedioate