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生物化工

生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。

生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— p-chlorophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside 4756-30-3 C12H15ClO6
p-chlorophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside
—— APR-246 5291-32-7 C10H17NO3
APR-246
—— 2-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate 634913-39-6 C15H9ClF6NO5P
2-{[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}-4-chlorophenyl dihydrogen phosphate
—— Copanlisib 1032568-63-0 C23H28N8O4
Copanlisib
—— 1-(1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl 4-cyclobutylpiperazine-1-carboxylate 1542135-76-1 C19H29N5O3
1-(1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridazin-3-yl)piperidin-4-yl 4-cyclobutylpiperazine-1-carboxylate
—— 6-[(3-cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-7-yl)oxy]-N-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide 720690-73-3 C21H25N3O2
6-[(3-cyclobutyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepin-7-yl)oxy]-N-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide
—— N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-O-benzyl-L-serinol 79069-15-1 C15H23NO4
N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-O-benzyl-L-serinol
—— lactobionic acid 96-82-2 C12H22O12
lactobionic acid
—— 2-[4-[4-(6-carbamoyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazin-2-yl)phenyl]cyclohexyl]acetic acid 1166827-44-6 C21H25N3O3
2-[4-[4-(6-carbamoyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazin-2-yl)phenyl]cyclohexyl]acetic acid
—— (S)-2-benzyl 1-tert-butyl 5-oxopyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate 113400-36-5 C17H21NO5
(S)-2-benzyl 1-tert-butyl 5-oxopyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate
—— (2S,3S,4R)-α-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine 117857-95-1 C6H9NO4
(2S,3S,4R)-α-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine
—— DL-asparagine monohydrate 3130-87-8 C4H8N2O3*H2O
DL-asparagine monohydrate
—— varenicline tartrate 375815-87-5 C4H6O6*C13H13N3
varenicline tartrate
—— Dynorphin 74913-18-1 C99H155N31O23
Dynorphin
—— (13S,17S)-2-Methoxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol 362-07-2 C19H26O3
(13S,17S)-2-Methoxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol
—— cis-Kawain 500-64-1 C14H14O3
cis-Kawain
—— kawain 3155-48-4 C14H14O3
kawain
—— 1,1-dimethylethyl N6-{[(1,1-dimethylethyl)oxy]carbonyl}-L-lysinate hydrochloride 13288-57-8 C15H30N2O4*ClH
1,1-dimethylethyl N6-{[(1,1-dimethylethyl)oxy]carbonyl}-L-lysinate hydrochloride
—— Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr 61512-76-3 C77H120N18O26S
Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Thr-Ser-Glu-Lys-Ser-Gln-Thr-Pro-Leu-Val-Thr
—— (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol;[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate;[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-tri(propanoyloxy)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-tri(propanoyloxy)-6-(propanoyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl propanoate 9004-39-1 C76H114O49
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol;[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate;[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-tri(propanoyloxy)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-tri(propanoyloxy)-6-(propanoyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl propanoate
—— ginsenoside Re 52286-59-6 C48H82O18
ginsenoside Re
—— Melezitose monohydrate 10030-67-8 C18H34O17
Melezitose monohydrate
—— ginsenoside-Re 52286-59-6 C48H82O18
ginsenoside-Re
—— Ginsenoside Re 52286-59-6 C48H82O18
Ginsenoside Re
—— N-CBZ-Glycyl-glycyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride 102601-58-1 C28H34ClN7O7
N-CBZ-Glycyl-glycyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride
—— 7-methoxy-1-methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole;hydrate;hydrochloride 6027-98-1 C13H17ClN2O2
7-methoxy-1-methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole;hydrate;hydrochloride
—— AMG176 1883727-34-1 C33H41ClN2O5S
AMG176
—— 1-[(1S,5R)-10,10-dimethyl-3,3-dioxido-3-thia-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>1.5</sup>]dec-4-yl]-ethanone 141993-16-0 C12H19NO3S
1-[(1S,5R)-10,10-dimethyl-3,3-dioxido-3-thia-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>1.5</sup>]dec-4-yl]-ethanone
—— p-Methoxyphenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside 138906-43-1 C28H25NO8
p-Methoxyphenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside
—— 5-cholesten-3β-ol 3-(3-carboxypropanoate) 1510-21-0 C31H50O4
5-cholesten-3β-ol 3-(3-carboxypropanoate)
—— p-Methoxyphenyl 3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside 129575-88-8 C35H31NO8
p-Methoxyphenyl 3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside
—— N-formyl-α-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester 33605-76-4 C15H18N2O6
N-formyl-α-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester
—— cholest-5-en-3α-ol 57-88-5 C27H46O
cholest-5-en-3α-ol
—— cholestane 14982-53-7 C27H48
cholestane
—— cholesterol 57-88-5 C27H46O
cholesterol
—— cholest-5-en-3β-ol 57-88-5 C27H46O
cholest-5-en-3β-ol
—— N-(3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-6-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-yloxy)phenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride 1206801-37-7 C30H22F2N6O3*ClH
N-(3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-6-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-yloxy)phenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride
—— TAK-593 1005780-62-0 C23H23N7O3
TAK-593
—— N-benzoyl-D-glucosamine 61949-16-4 C13H17NO6
N-benzoyl-D-glucosamine
—— N-benzoylglucosamine 655-42-5 C13H17NO6
N-benzoylglucosamine
—— D-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride 66-84-2 C6H13NO5*ClH
D-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride
—— Z-DL-Phe(2Br) 123098-44-2 C17H16BrNO4
Z-DL-Phe(2Br)
—— 8-epiloganin 18524-94-2 C17H26O10
8-epiloganin
—— (R)-methyl 6-amino-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)hexanoate 55757-60-3 C12H24N2O4
(R)-methyl 6-amino-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)hexanoate
—— Marrubiin 465-92-9 C20H28O4
Marrubiin
—— isomarrubilin 465-92-9 C20H28O4
isomarrubilin
—— Marubiin 465-92-9 C20H28O4
Marubiin
—— encequidar 849675-66-7 C38H36N6O7
encequidar
—— 3-mercaptobutyric acid 26473-49-4 C4H8O2S
3-mercaptobutyric acid
—— 3-pentadecylidenepentane-2,4-dione 1314006-43-3 C20H36O2
3-pentadecylidenepentane-2,4-dione