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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Monoglucuronylglycyrrhetinic acid 34096-83-8 C36H54O10
    Monoglucuronylglycyrrhetinic acid
    —— Tomentosolic acid 6812-98-2 C30H46O3
    Tomentosolic acid
    —— Curzerene 17910-09-7 C15H20O
    Curzerene
    —— 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 5088-75-5 C21H22O9
    2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
    —— 2-[6-methyl-2-(3,6,12-trihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)hept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol 62025-50-7 C41H70O13
    2-[6-methyl-2-(3,6,12-trihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)hept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— N-benzyl-alanine methyl ester 159721-22-9 C11H15NO2
    N-benzyl-alanine methyl ester
    —— 6-[2-[[4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-Heptamethyl-14-oxo-11-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-6-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 118325-22-7 C48H72O21
    6-[2-[[4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-Heptamethyl-14-oxo-11-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-6-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— N-Acetyl-3-(2-naphthyl)-DL-alanin 37439-99-9 C15H15NO3
    N-Acetyl-3-(2-naphthyl)-DL-alanin
    —— Tubercidin 69-33-0 C11H14N4O4
    Tubercidin
    —— Corosolic acid 4547-24-4 C30H48O4
    Corosolic acid
    —— trehalose 99-20-7 C12H22O11
    trehalose
    —— 2-(6-Amino-2-fluoro-purin-9-yl)-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol 146-78-1 C10H12FN5O4
    2-(6-Amino-2-fluoro-purin-9-yl)-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-3,4-diol
    —— [3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 13-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate 91722-21-3 C44H70O23
    [3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 13-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-5-carboxylate
    —— N-ε-lauroyl-L-lysine 52315-75-0 C18H36N2O3
    N-ε-lauroyl-L-lysine
    —— 2-[[6-[2-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 41753-43-9 C54H92O23
    2-[[6-[2-[3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Graveobioside B 33579-63-4 C27H30O15
    Graveobioside B
    —— 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid 905-99-7 C16H18O9
    4-O-caffeoylquinic acid
    —— (+/-)-cryptotanshinone 17545-07-2 C19H20O3
    (+/-)-cryptotanshinone
    —— Diacetone L-sorbose 17682-70-1 C12H20O6
    Diacetone L-sorbose
    —— Mesaconin 6792-09-2 C24H39NO9
    Mesaconin
    —— 5-(7-acetyloxy-4,9-dimethyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82508-32-5 C22H28O6
    5-(7-acetyloxy-4,9-dimethyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl)-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— 6-mercaptopurine 6112-76-1 C5H4N4S
    6-mercaptopurine
    —— Sarsasapogenin 77-60-1 C27H44O3
    Sarsasapogenin
    —— [3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 5-methylsulfinyl-N-sulfooxypentanimidothioate 1432982-77-8 C12H23NO10S3
    [3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 5-methylsulfinyl-N-sulfooxypentanimidothioate
    —— 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3,4-triol 469-90-9 C7H12O6
    5-(Hydroxymethyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3,4-triol
    —— Pro-Asp 85227-98-1 C9H14N2O5
    Pro-Asp
    —— 4-Amino-1-[3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-iodopyrimidin-2-one 69123-90-6 C9H11FIN3O4
    4-Amino-1-[3-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-iodopyrimidin-2-one
    —— 1-Methyl-adenosin 15763-06-1 C11H15N5O4
    1-Methyl-adenosin
    —— γ-cyclodextrin 17465-86-0 C48H80O40
    γ-cyclodextrin
    —— Desmethyl-cryptojaponol 88664-08-8 C20H28O3
    Desmethyl-cryptojaponol
    —— N-Acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-argininal 24365-47-7 C20H38N6O4
    N-Acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-argininal
    —— schisanhenol 69363-14-0 C23H30O6
    schisanhenol
    —— Na-L-Glutamyl-L-aspartic acid 3918-84-1 C9H14N2O7
    Na-L-Glutamyl-L-aspartic acid
    —— Howiicin A 111035-65-5 C35H64O7
    Howiicin A
    —— marmesin 13849-08-6 C14H14O4
    marmesin
    —— Acevaltratum 25161-41-5 C24H32O10
    Acevaltratum
    —— Dimethyl 12-acetyloxy-4,7-dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-11-methyl-5,7,10-trioxatetracyclo[6.3.1.02,6.09,11]dodec-3-en-9-yl)-6-methyl-14-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadecane-4,11-dicarboxylate 11141-17-6 C35H44O16
    Dimethyl 12-acetyloxy-4,7-dihydroxy-6-(2-hydroxy-11-methyl-5,7,10-trioxatetracyclo[6.3.1.02,6.09,11]dodec-3-en-9-yl)-6-methyl-14-(2-methylbut-2-enoyloxy)-3,9-dioxatetracyclo[6.6.1.01,5.011,15]pentadecane-4,11-dicarboxylate
    —— phenylalanyltyrosine 17355-18-9 C18H20N2O4
    phenylalanyltyrosine
    —— 6''-Malonylgenistin 51011-05-3 C24H22O13
    6''-Malonylgenistin
    —— 2-O-Methyladenosine 42173-86-4 C11H15N5O4
    2-O-Methyladenosine
    —— 2-amino-9-pentofuranosyl-7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-6,8-dione 3868-31-3 C10H13N5O6
    2-amino-9-pentofuranosyl-7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-6,8-dione
    —— Kaempferol-3-O-glucuronoside 22688-78-4 C21H18O12
    Kaempferol-3-O-glucuronoside
    —— 2-[2-[[3,12-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 80418-25-3 C41H70O13
    2-[2-[[3,12-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— b-D-Fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-b-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-b-D-fructofuranosyl a-D-glucopyranoside, 9CI 13133-07-8 C24H42O21
    b-D-Fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-b-D-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-b-D-fructofuranosyl a-D-glucopyranoside, 9CI
    —— methyl N-[5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[5-amino-6-[5-amino-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]carbamate 9012-76-4 C56H103N9O39
    methyl N-[5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-5-[3-amino-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-[5-amino-6-[5-amino-4,6-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]carbamate
    —— Kitigenin 6869-43-8 C27H44O6
    Kitigenin
    —— 2-[[4-[2-[2-[3-Acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxypropanoylamino]propanoylamino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-6-(octadecanoylamino)hexanoic acid 78113-36-7 C43H78N6O13
    2-[[4-[2-[2-[3-Acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxypropanoylamino]propanoylamino]-5-amino-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-6-(octadecanoylamino)hexanoic acid
    —— Hypaconitine 6900-87-4 C33H45NO10
    Hypaconitine
    —— apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside 23666-13-9 C27H30O15
    apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside
    —— (2R,3R,4R,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal 34620-76-3 C30H52O26
    (2R,3R,4R,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal