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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (R)-2-hydroxy-3-m-tolyl-propionic acid 374119-33-2 C10H12O3
    (R)-2-hydroxy-3-m-tolyl-propionic acid
    —— (2R,6S)-6-[(3S,5R,10S,12S,13R,14R,17R)-12-acetyloxy-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-7,11,15-trioxo-1,2,3,5,6,12,16,17-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoic acid 98665-19-1 C32H44O9
    (2R,6S)-6-[(3S,5R,10S,12S,13R,14R,17R)-12-acetyloxy-3-hydroxy-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-7,11,15-trioxo-1,2,3,5,6,12,16,17-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methyl-4-oxoheptanoic acid
    —— sclareolide 564-20-5 C16H26O2
    sclareolide
    —— cenicriviroc 497223-25-3 C41H52N4O4S
    cenicriviroc
    —— [3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]azanium 4299-70-1 C12H14N2O2*H
    [3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]azanium
    —— 1-[4-Azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione 84472-85-5 C9H11N5O4
    1-[4-Azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— (3E)-N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy]-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-carboximidoyl chloride 289893-25-0 C14H20ClN3O3
    (3E)-N-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-piperidin-1-ylpropoxy]-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium-3-carboximidoyl chloride
    —— O<sup>(</sup>2-2')-Anhydro-uridin 3736-77-4 C9H10N2O5
    O<sup>(</sup>2-2')-Anhydro-uridin
    —— (4R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3,7-dioxa-1,9-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-8,11-dien-10-one 3736-77-4 C9H10N2O5
    (4R,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-3,7-dioxa-1,9-diazatricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodeca-8,11-dien-10-one
    —— (3-(Benzoyloxy)-4,4-difluoro-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl benzoate 122111-01-7 C19H14F2O6
    (3-(Benzoyloxy)-4,4-difluoro-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl benzoate
    —— 3-[3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-7-bromo-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide 3395-37-7 C26H27BrN2O8
    3-[3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-7-bromo-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide
    —— 4-Carbamoyl-4-[2-(2-{[3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}propanamido)propanamido]butanoic acid 53678-77-6 C19H32N4O11
    4-Carbamoyl-4-[2-(2-{[3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}propanamido)propanamido]butanoic acid
    —— Fmoc-3,5-diiodo-Tyr-OH 103213-31-6 C24H19I2NO5
    Fmoc-3,5-diiodo-Tyr-OH
    —— 6-[(2-chlorophenyl)methoxycarbonylamino]-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)hexanoic Acid 133970-31-7 C29H29ClN2O6
    6-[(2-chlorophenyl)methoxycarbonylamino]-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)hexanoic Acid
    —— BOC-Tyr(J2)-OH 62129-53-7 C14H17I2NO5
    BOC-Tyr(J2)-OH
    —— Nikkomycins 59456-70-1 C20H25N5O10
    Nikkomycins
    —— Boc-cis-4-aminocyclohexane acetic acid 327156-95-6 C13H23NO4
    Boc-cis-4-aminocyclohexane acetic acid
    —— Copper, bis(glycinato-kappaN,kappaO)- 13479-54-4 C4H10CuN2O4
    Copper, bis(glycinato-kappaN,kappaO)-
    —— racemic 3,6-bis(4-(bis(2-hydroxydodecyl)amino)butyl)piperazine-2,5-dione 1432494-65-9 C60H120N4O6
    racemic 3,6-bis(4-(bis(2-hydroxydodecyl)amino)butyl)piperazine-2,5-dione
    —— N-benzoyl-cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline methyl ester 120806-96-4 C13H15NO4
    N-benzoyl-cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline methyl ester
    —— MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pNA 70967-90-7 C27H38N6O9
    MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-pNA
    —— 2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic Acid 167993-21-7 C15H18F3NO4
    2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic Acid
    —— GlcNAc1-beta-3GalNAc 95673-98-6 C16H28N2O11
    GlcNAc1-beta-3GalNAc
    —— 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-undecoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 70005-86-6 C17H34O6
    2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-undecoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 5,7-dihydroxy-2-[4-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one 20486-34-4 C21H20O10
    5,7-dihydroxy-2-[4-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one
    —— apigenin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 20486-34-4 C21H20O10
    apigenin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— N<sup>α</sup>-Methyl-L-lysin 7431-89-2 C7H16N2O2
    N<sup>α</sup>-Methyl-L-lysin
    —— N-[2-[5-acetamido-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-nitrophenoxy)oxan-4-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide 125455-64-3 C22H31N3O13
    N-[2-[5-acetamido-3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-nitrophenoxy)oxan-4-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]acetamide
    —— 1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 203866-20-0 C20H18FNO4
    1-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— N-acetyl-L-threonine 17093-74-2 C6H11NO4
    N-acetyl-L-threonine
    —— Boc-L-Thr-OH 2592-18-9 C9H17NO5
    Boc-L-Thr-OH
    —— 2-[(5-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)oxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 171869-92-4 C14H15BrClNO5
    2-[(5-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)oxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 3-[(2-Methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-6-oxo-6-phenylmethoxyhexanoic acid 218943-30-7 C18H25NO6
    3-[(2-Methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-6-oxo-6-phenylmethoxyhexanoic acid
    —— 2-acetamido-4-methyl-N-[3-methyl-1-oxo-1-[(1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino]butan-2-yl]pentanamide 160369-84-6 C22H33N3O4
    2-acetamido-4-methyl-N-[3-methyl-1-oxo-1-[(1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)amino]butan-2-yl]pentanamide
    —— volasertib 755038-65-4 C34H50N8O3
    volasertib
    —— 2-(4-Nitrophenylsulphonamido)-3-phenylpropanoic acid 64501-87-7 C15H14N2O6S
    2-(4-Nitrophenylsulphonamido)-3-phenylpropanoic acid
    —— potassium O-((3aR,4R,5S,7R,7aR)-octahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-5-yl) carbonodithioate 473281-59-3 C11H15OS2*K
    potassium O-((3aR,4R,5S,7R,7aR)-octahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-5-yl) carbonodithioate
    —— N-(Cyclohexylacetyl)-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-seryl-L-valyl-L-glutamamide 113584-01-3 C36H58N10O8
    N-(Cyclohexylacetyl)-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-seryl-L-valyl-L-glutamamide
    —— Thio-NAD 4090-29-3 C21H27N7O13P2S
    Thio-NAD
    —— d-Mannoheptose 7634-39-1 C7H14O7
    d-Mannoheptose
    —— senkyunolide O 88182-33-6 C24H28O4
    senkyunolide O
    —— levistolide A 88182-33-6 C24H28O4
    levistolide A
    —— Levistolid B 88182-33-6 C24H28O4
    Levistolid B
    —— Senkyunolide O 88182-33-6 C24H28O4
    Senkyunolide O
    —— Acetobromocellobiose 14257-35-3 C26H35BrO17
    Acetobromocellobiose
    —— 1-[4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione 5116-24-5 C10H14N2O6
    1-[4-Hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4-dione
    —— R-BCMGA(2H) 58976-65-1 C9H13NO8
    R-BCMGA(2H)
    —— CHIR-090 728865-23-4 C24H27N3O5
    CHIR-090
    —— [(2-Methyl-4-oxo-5-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)amino] 2-methylbenzoate 321688-88-4 C18H19NO3
    [(2-Methyl-4-oxo-5-propan-2-ylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)amino] 2-methylbenzoate
    —— phenylalanine 62056-68-2 C9H11NO2
    phenylalanine