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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-α-L-arabinopyranose 77943-33-0 C26H28O5
    2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-α-L-arabinopyranose
    —— S-Adenosyl-L-homocystein 979-92-0 C14H20N6O5S
    S-Adenosyl-L-homocystein
    —— 2-[[(1S,3R,9S,12S,14S,16R)-14-hydroxy-15-[(2R,5S)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-9-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 84687-43-4 C41H68O14
    2-[[(1S,3R,9S,12S,14S,16R)-14-hydroxy-15-[(2R,5S)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-9-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (1R,3R,5S,8S,9R,12S,13R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione 17617-45-7 C15H16O6
    (1R,3R,5S,8S,9R,12S,13R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
    —— deltaline 6836-11-9 C27H41NO8
    deltaline
    —— 2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-arabinofuranose 60933-68-8 C26H28O5
    2,3,5-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-arabinofuranose
    —— dithiocarbonic acid <i>O</i>-isopentyl ester 2540-36-5 C6H12OS2
    dithiocarbonic acid <i>O</i>-isopentyl ester
    —— 1-(3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl)quinic acid 1241-87-8 C16H18O9
    1-(3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl)quinic acid
    —— N-cis-caffeoyl putrescine 29554-26-5 C13H18N2O3
    N-cis-caffeoyl putrescine
    —— 24(E)-Ethylidenecholest-5-en-3beta-ol 17605-67-3 C29H48O
    24(E)-Ethylidenecholest-5-en-3beta-ol
    —— Neoherculin 504-97-2 C16H25NO
    Neoherculin
    —— (+)-Soyacerebroside I 114297-20-0 C40H75NO9
    (+)-Soyacerebroside I
    —— Absinthin (VAN) (8CI) 1362-42-1 C30H40O6
    Absinthin (VAN) (8CI)
    —— 7b-Hydroxy-3,11,15,23-tetraoxolanosta-8,20(22)-dien-26-oic acid 100665-43-8 C30H40O7
    7b-Hydroxy-3,11,15,23-tetraoxolanosta-8,20(22)-dien-26-oic acid
    —— 3b,7b-Dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxolanosta-8,20(22)E-dien-26-oic acid 100665-41-6 C30H42O7
    3b,7b-Dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxolanosta-8,20(22)E-dien-26-oic acid
    —— dipotassium;(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-6-carboxylato-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate 68797-35-3 C42H60K2O16
    dipotassium;(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,11S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-11-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-yl]oxy]-6-carboxylato-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylate
    —— 2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2Z)-6-methylhepta-2,5-dien-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 105558-26-7 C36H60O7
    2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2Z)-6-methylhepta-2,5-dien-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Spinosin B 77690-92-7 C38H40O18
    Spinosin B
    —— (+)-Ginsenoside Rh4 174721-08-5 C36H60O8
    (+)-Ginsenoside Rh4
    —— 4-(2-(2-ethoxyphenyl)hydrazono)-3-methyl-1-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one 331244-89-4 C21H19N5O2S
    4-(2-(2-ethoxyphenyl)hydrazono)-3-methyl-1-(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one
    —— (+/-)7-HDoHE 90780-55-5 C22H32O3
    (+/-)7-HDoHE
    —— [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate 16830-15-2 C48H78O19
    [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate
    —— (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,8S,9S,12S,13R)-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3S)-3-methyl-4-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-6,18-dien-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 102115-79-7 C51H82O21
    (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,8S,9S,12S,13R)-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3S)-3-methyl-4-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-6,18-dien-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aR,6bR,8R,8aS,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate 34540-22-2 C48H78O20
    [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aR,6bR,8R,8aS,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate
    —— (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-[2-hydroxy-4-(3,6-dioxaheptyloxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid 911714-45-9 C16H21NO6S
    (S)-4,5-dihydro-2-[2-hydroxy-4-(3,6-dioxaheptyloxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid
    —— Coriamyrtin 2571-86-0 C15H18O5
    Coriamyrtin
    —— (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E)-4-[(2R,4R,4aS,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E)-4-[(2R,4R,4aS,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— [(4Z,6Z,8S,9S,10Z,12S,13R,14S,16R)-13,20,22-trihydroxy-8,14-dimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3-oxo-19-(prop-2-enylamino)-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18(22),19-hexaen-9-yl] carbamate 857402-23-4 C31H45N3O8
    [(4Z,6Z,8S,9S,10Z,12S,13R,14S,16R)-13,20,22-trihydroxy-8,14-dimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3-oxo-19-(prop-2-enylamino)-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18(22),19-hexaen-9-yl] carbamate
    —— [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-4-oxochromen-6-yl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 77690-92-7 C38H40O18
    [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-4-oxochromen-6-yl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate
    —— methyl red 845-10-3 C15H14N3O2*Na
    methyl red
    —— 5-hydroxyisatoic acid 118-48-9 C8H5NO4
    5-hydroxyisatoic acid
    —— 2-Methyl-5-(p-tolyldiazenyl)aniline 97-56-3 C14H15N3
    2-Methyl-5-(p-tolyldiazenyl)aniline
    —— NADPH(4-) 2646-71-1 C21H26N7O17P3-4
    NADPH(4-)
    —— ((3aR,5aS,8aS,8bR)-2,2,7,7-Tetramethyl-tetrahydro-bis[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b;4',5'-d]pyran-5-yl)-methanol 4064-06-6 C12H20O6
    ((3aR,5aS,8aS,8bR)-2,2,7,7-Tetramethyl-tetrahydro-bis[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b;4',5'-d]pyran-5-yl)-methanol
    —— (12S,13R)-5,10-dimethyl-8,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,13.07,11]hexadeca-4,7(11),9-trien-15-one 13476-25-0 C15H16O4
    (12S,13R)-5,10-dimethyl-8,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,13.07,11]hexadeca-4,7(11),9-trien-15-one
    —— AcSDDKP 127103-11-1 C20H33N5O9
    AcSDDKP
    —— Motesanib diphosphate 857876-30-3 C22H29N5O9P2
    Motesanib diphosphate
    —— fagaronine 52259-64-0 C21H20NO4*Cl
    fagaronine
    —— (S)-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-N-methyl-phenyl alanine 2899-07-2 C18H19NO4
    (S)-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-N-methyl-phenyl alanine
    —— galgravin 528-63-2 C22H28O5
    galgravin
    —— Somatostatin, tyr(11)- 59481-27-5 C76H104N18O20S2
    Somatostatin, tyr(11)-
    —— 3-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl)-8-cyclopropyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine 1610952-07-2 C18H16ClN3
    3-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclopropyl)-8-cyclopropyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
    —— Somatotropin (176-191) 66004-57-7 C78H123N23O22S2
    Somatotropin (176-191)
    —— Gly-Met-Ala-Ser-Lys-Ala-Gly-Ala-Ile-Ala-Gly-Lys-Ile-Ala-Lys-Val-Ala-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-NH2 102068-15-5 C88H162N26O22S
    Gly-Met-Ala-Ser-Lys-Ala-Gly-Ala-Ile-Ala-Gly-Lys-Ile-Ala-Lys-Val-Ala-Leu-Lys-Ala-Leu-NH2
    —— LHRH, N-ac-Trp(1)-(4-Cl-phe)(2)-trp(3)-arg(6)-ala(10)- 86044-76-0 C71H94ClN19O13
    LHRH, N-ac-Trp(1)-(4-Cl-phe)(2)-trp(3)-arg(6)-ala(10)-
    —— Thymosin beta4 77591-33-4 C212H350N56O78S
    Thymosin beta4
    —— Bombinin-like peptide-1 138220-00-5 C115H194N34O33
    Bombinin-like peptide-1
    —— Anthopleurin-A 60880-63-9 C215H326N62O67S6
    Anthopleurin-A
    —— (1RS,2SR)-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid 5691-20-3 C7H13NO2
    (1RS,2SR)-2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid
    —— linaclotide 851199-59-2 C59H79N15O21S6
    linaclotide