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生物化工

生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。

生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— Glycyrrhetinsaeure 471-53-4 C30H46O4
Glycyrrhetinsaeure
—— MK-0773 606101-58-0 C27H34FN5O2
MK-0773
—— (2S,5R)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-7-oxo-6-(sulfooxy)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxamide 1452458-86-4 C9H16N4O7S
(2S,5R)-N-(2-aminoethoxy)-7-oxo-6-(sulfooxy)-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxamide
—— lomerizine dihydrochloride 101477-54-7 C27H30F2N2O3*2ClH
lomerizine dihydrochloride
—— KNK437 218924-25-5 C13H11NO4
KNK437
—— potassium orotate 24598-73-0 C5H3N2O4*K
potassium orotate
—— [(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2R)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,19R,21R,23S,24E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate 162635-04-3 C56H87NO16
[(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2R)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,19R,21R,23S,24E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate
—— 2-amino-9-(2-deoxy-pentofuranosyl)-1,9-dihydro-purine-6-thione 789-61-7 C10H13N5O3S
2-amino-9-(2-deoxy-pentofuranosyl)-1,9-dihydro-purine-6-thione
—— Blasticidine S HCl 3513-03-9 C17H27ClN8O5
Blasticidine S HCl
—— daucosterol 474-58-8 C35H60O6
daucosterol
—— 20(S)-betulafolienetriol 6892-79-1 C30H52O3
20(S)-betulafolienetriol
—— (3S,10R,13R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-(1,4,5-trimethyl-hexyl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 474-62-4 C28H48O
(3S,10R,13R,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-(1,4,5-trimethyl-hexyl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
—— (20S)-protopanaxadiol 6892-79-1 C30H52O3
(20S)-protopanaxadiol
—— β-sitosterol-D-glucoside 474-58-8 C35H60O6
β-sitosterol-D-glucoside
—— (2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamidopropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-6-amino-N-[(2S)-1-[[1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]hexanamide 878009-24-6 C64H121N21O14
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-acetamidopropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-6-amino-N-[(2S)-1-[[1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-2-methyl-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]hexanamide
—— 4-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-5-methyl-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl]-N-pyridin-2-ylbenzenesulfonamide 1395084-25-9 C18H17N5O3S
4-[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-5-methyl-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)hydrazinyl]-N-pyridin-2-ylbenzenesulfonamide
—— N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-aspartic acid 4-methyl ester 3160-47-2 C13H15NO6
N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-aspartic acid 4-methyl ester
—— Z-L-GluOMe 5672-83-3 C14H17NO6
Z-L-GluOMe
—— N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanylglycylglycine 37700-64-4 C21H23N3O6
N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanylglycylglycine
—— N<sup>α</sup>-Benzyloxycarbonyl-N<sup>im</sup>-benzyl-L-histidin 21929-66-8 C21H21N3O4
N<sup>α</sup>-Benzyloxycarbonyl-N<sup>im</sup>-benzyl-L-histidin
—— benzyl N-tris[(2-carboxyethyloxy)methyl]methylcarbamate 200133-16-0 C21H29NO11
benzyl N-tris[(2-carboxyethyloxy)methyl]methylcarbamate
—— <i>N</i><sup>2</sup>-ethoxycarbonyl-asparagine 16639-91-1 C7H12N2O5
<i>N</i><sup>2</sup>-ethoxycarbonyl-asparagine
—— Fmoc-Oic-OH 130309-37-4 C24H25NO4
Fmoc-Oic-OH
—— Ile-Asn 59652-59-4 C10H19N3O4
Ile-Asn
—— L-methionyl-L-asparagine 36261-61-7 C9H17N3O4S
L-methionyl-L-asparagine
—— avibactam 1192491-61-4 C7H10N3O6S*Na
avibactam
—— berberine hemisulfate salt 316-41-6 2C20H18NO4*H2O4S
berberine hemisulfate salt
—— Boc-cysteine(4-Me-Bn) 61925-77-7 C16H23NO4S
Boc-cysteine(4-Me-Bn)
—— N-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-L-isoleucine 71989-23-6 C21H23NO4
N-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-L-isoleucine
—— Fmoc-Thr(PO(OBzl)OH)-OH 175291-56-2 C26H26NO8P
Fmoc-Thr(PO(OBzl)OH)-OH
—— O-ethyl phenylphosphonothioic acid 6230-93-9 C8H11O2PS
O-ethyl phenylphosphonothioic acid
—— pamiparib 1446261-44-4 C16H15FN4O
pamiparib
—— LPFFD 182912-74-9 C33H43N5O8
LPFFD
—— evobrutinib 1415823-73-2 C25H27N5O2
evobrutinib
—— 6-(6-aminopyrazin-2-yl)-N-(4-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-8-amine 1800046-95-0 C23H25N9O
6-(6-aminopyrazin-2-yl)-N-(4-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-8-amine
—— 1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-2-O-methyl-α-D-ribofuranose 68045-07-8 C27H24O8
1,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-2-O-methyl-α-D-ribofuranose
—— ((1R,3S)-3-isopropyl-3-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)-7,8-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridin-6(5H)-yl]carbonyl}cyclopentyl)-[(3S,4S)-3-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]amine succinate 851916-42-2 C4H6O4*C24H34F3N3O3
((1R,3S)-3-isopropyl-3-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)-7,8-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridin-6(5H)-yl]carbonyl}cyclopentyl)-[(3S,4S)-3-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl]amine succinate
—— Fmoc-Lys(ivDde)-OH 204777-78-6 C34H42N2O6
Fmoc-Lys(ivDde)-OH
—— Piericidin A<sub>1</sub> 2738-64-9 C25H37NO4
Piericidin A<sub>1</sub>
—— piericidin A<sub>1</sub> 2738-64-9 C25H37NO4
piericidin A<sub>1</sub>
—— D-GlcNAc 7512-17-6 C8H15NO6
D-GlcNAc
—— sofosbuvir 1190307-88-0 C22H29FN3O9P
sofosbuvir
—— 3'-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2'-deoxyuridine 76223-05-7 C15H26N2O5Si
3'-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2'-deoxyuridine
—— gomisin N 69176-52-9 C23H28O6
gomisin N
—— APG-1387 1570231-89-8 C60H72N10O10S2
APG-1387
—— ferrous gluconate dihydrate 22830-45-1 2C6H11O7*Fe*2H2O
ferrous gluconate dihydrate
—— 1,2-O-isopropylidene-β-D-fructopyranose 66900-93-4 C9H16O6
1,2-O-isopropylidene-β-D-fructopyranose
—— uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid triammonium salt 63700-19-6 C15H22N2O18P2*3H3N
uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid triammonium salt
—— 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate 14152-97-7 C15H19NO9S
2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl isothiocyanate
—— isopropyl (S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanamido)-6-diazo-5-oxohexanoate 2079939-05-0 C22H27N5O5
isopropyl (S)-2-((S)-2-acetamido-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanamido)-6-diazo-5-oxohexanoate