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生物化工

生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。

生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
—— Alanine, 3-phenyl-N-tryptophyl-, L- 6686-02-8 C20H21N3O3
Alanine, 3-phenyl-N-tryptophyl-, L-
—— Bucolan Red GRE 6408-31-7 C16H10ClCrN4Na2O9S2-3
Bucolan Red GRE
—— Tauroursodeoxycholic acid sodium salt 6009-98-9 C26H44NO6S*Na
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid sodium salt
—— 5-beta-BUFA-20,22-DIENOLIDE, 14,15-beta-EPOXY-3-beta,5,16-beta-TRIHYDROXY- 4099-30-3 C24H32O6
5-beta-BUFA-20,22-DIENOLIDE, 14,15-beta-EPOXY-3-beta,5,16-beta-TRIHYDROXY-
—— 4-Methyl-2-(4-nitroanilino)pentanamide 4178-93-2 C12H17N3O3
4-Methyl-2-(4-nitroanilino)pentanamide
—— N-[5-amino-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-1-[19-amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-13-benzyl-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 3397-23-7 C45H63N13O12S2
N-[5-amino-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-1-[19-amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-13-benzyl-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
—— tetrasodium;4-amino-6-[[4-[4-[(8-amino-1-hydroxy-5,7-disulfonatonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]-3-methoxyphenyl]-2-methoxyphenyl]diazenyl]-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate 2610-05-1 C34H24N6Na4O16S4
tetrasodium;4-amino-6-[[4-[4-[(8-amino-1-hydroxy-5,7-disulfonatonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]-3-methoxyphenyl]-2-methoxyphenyl]diazenyl]-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate
—— Tripotassium nitrilotriacetate 2399-85-1 C6H6K3NO6
Tripotassium nitrilotriacetate
—— (2,4-Diaminophenyl)-(4-ethoxyphenyl)iminoazanium;chloride 2313-87-3 C14H17ClN4O
(2,4-Diaminophenyl)-(4-ethoxyphenyl)iminoazanium;chloride
—— crocein orange G 1934-20-9 C16H11N2O4S*Na
crocein orange G
—— 4-amino-1-[(2R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidin-2-one 838-07-3 C10H15N3O4
4-amino-1-[(2R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidin-2-one
—— Methoxyammonium chloride 593-56-6 CH6ClNO
Methoxyammonium chloride
—— Glycine, sulfate (3:1) 513-29-1 C6H17N3O10S
Glycine, sulfate (3:1)
—— Trisodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydron 150-38-9 C10H13N2Na3O8
Trisodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydron
—— Pseudohypericin 55954-61-5 C30H16O9
Pseudohypericin
—— Ac-YVAD-AMC 149231-65-2 C33H39N5O10
Ac-YVAD-AMC
—— H-DL-xiIle-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-xiIle-DL-Leu-NH2 72093-21-1 C70H131N19O15
H-DL-xiIle-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-xiIle-DL-Leu-NH2
—— Ac-DL-Asp-DL-Glu-DL-Val-DL-Asp-AMC 169332-61-0 C30H37N5O13
Ac-DL-Asp-DL-Glu-DL-Val-DL-Asp-AMC
—— 2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 24386-93-4 C11H13IN4O4
2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
—— Adenosine, 3-deaza- 6736-58-9 C11H14N4O4
Adenosine, 3-deaza-
—— L-alpha-Glutamine, N-(N-acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl- 59331-38-3 C19H32N4O11
L-alpha-Glutamine, N-(N-acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl-
—— Clinopodiside A 142809-89-0 C48H78O19
Clinopodiside A
—— D-glucose 6-(sodium hydrogenphosphate) 84332-92-3 C6H12O9P*Na
D-glucose 6-(sodium hydrogenphosphate)
—— Telocinobufagin 472-26-4 C24H34O5
Telocinobufagin
—— Columbin 546-97-4 C20H22O6
Columbin
—— Homoorientin 4261-42-1 C21H20O11
Homoorientin
—— Luteolin-4'-O-β-glucosid 6920-38-3 C21H20O11
Luteolin-4'-O-β-glucosid
—— 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-((2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-phenyl]-chromen-4-one 6920-38-3 C21H20O11
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-((2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-phenyl]-chromen-4-one
—— luteolin-4'-O-glucoside 6920-38-3 C21H20O11
luteolin-4'-O-glucoside
—— Desacetylcinobufagin 4026-95-3 C24H32O5
Desacetylcinobufagin
—— lubiprostone 136790-76-6 C20H32F2O5
lubiprostone
—— N-(2-aminopropanoyl)leucine 1638-60-4 C9H18N2O3
N-(2-aminopropanoyl)leucine
—— (2R,5R,9S,10R,11R,12S)-5,12-Dihydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.15,8.01,10.02,8]heptadecane-9-carboxylic acid 545-97-1 C19H24O6
(2R,5R,9S,10R,11R,12S)-5,12-Dihydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.15,8.01,10.02,8]heptadecane-9-carboxylic acid
—— glycyl-hydroxyproline 24587-32-4 C7H12N2O4
glycyl-hydroxyproline
—— (+)-sclareolide 564-20-5 C16H26O2
(+)-sclareolide
—— Pingbeimine C 128585-96-6 C27H43NO6
Pingbeimine C
—— CX691 211735-76-1 C12H13N3O2
CX691
—— [(2R,4S,9R,10S,16S)-2-hydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-14-methylidene-6,15-dioxo-16-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl] acetate 80508-81-2 C22H30O5
[(2R,4S,9R,10S,16S)-2-hydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-14-methylidene-6,15-dioxo-16-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl] acetate
—— Oleanoside E 7518-22-1 C47H74O18
Oleanoside E
—— Ferrous gluconate dihydrate 299-29-6 C12H26FeO16
Ferrous gluconate dihydrate
—— α-Spinasterol 481-18-5 C29H48O
α-Spinasterol
—— 3,4-dehydroproline methyl ester 210420-92-1 C6H9NO2
3,4-dehydroproline methyl ester
—— Saponin 8047-15-2 C58H94O27
Saponin
—— 1-Methyl-DL-histidin-methylester 57519-09-2 C8H13N3O2
1-Methyl-DL-histidin-methylester
—— GRGDSPK 111119-28-9 C28H49N11O11
GRGDSPK
—— PIK-90 677338-12-4 C18H17N5O3
PIK-90
—— 3-chloro-N-[4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-[(3-pyridin-4-ylphenyl)methyl]-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide 912545-86-9 C28H28ClN3OS
3-chloro-N-[4-(methylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-[(3-pyridin-4-ylphenyl)methyl]-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide
—— 1-Methyladenosin 15763-06-1 C11H15N5O4
1-Methyladenosin
—— D-Glucoheptose 62475-58-5 C7H14O7
D-Glucoheptose
—— p-Aminomethyl-phenylalanin 1991-96-4 C10H14N2O2
p-Aminomethyl-phenylalanin