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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 12-[1-(4-Dimethylphosphoryloxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone 572924-54-0 C53H84NO14P
    12-[1-(4-Dimethylphosphoryloxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)propan-2-yl]-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone
    —— 2-[6-[6-[6-[6-[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 34620-78-5 C42H72O36
    2-[6-[6-[6-[6-[4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— N-(1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide 13089-48-0 C16H17N3O6
    N-(1-(3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)benzamide
    —— N-Acetylneuraminic acid methyl ester 50998-13-5 C12H21NO9
    N-Acetylneuraminic acid methyl ester
    —— [3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[4-(3-oxobutyl)phenoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate 59282-56-3 C23H26O11
    [3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[4-(3-oxobutyl)phenoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
    —— 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol 497-76-7 C12H16O7
    2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Luteolin-3',7-diglucoside hplc 52187-80-1 C27H30O16
    Luteolin-3',7-diglucoside hplc
    —— 1,2-O-(1-Methylethylidene) Hexofuranose 18549-40-1 C9H16O6
    1,2-O-(1-Methylethylidene) Hexofuranose
    —— 3,4,5,15,16,17-Hexahydroxy-8,13-dioxo-11-(3,4,5,11,17,18,19,22,23,34,35-undecahydroxy-8,14,26,31-tetraoxo-9,13,25,32-tetraoxaheptacyclo[25.8.0.02,7.015,20.021,30.024,29.028,33]pentatriaconta-1(35),2,4,6,15,17,19,21,23,27,29,33-dodecaen-10-yl)-9,12-dioxatricyclo[12.4.0.02,7]octadeca-1(18),2,4,6,14,16-hexaene-10-carbaldehyde 65995-63-3 C48H28O30
    3,4,5,15,16,17-Hexahydroxy-8,13-dioxo-11-(3,4,5,11,17,18,19,22,23,34,35-undecahydroxy-8,14,26,31-tetraoxo-9,13,25,32-tetraoxaheptacyclo[25.8.0.02,7.015,20.021,30.024,29.028,33]pentatriaconta-1(35),2,4,6,15,17,19,21,23,27,29,33-dodecaen-10-yl)-9,12-dioxatricyclo[12.4.0.02,7]octadeca-1(18),2,4,6,14,16-hexaene-10-carbaldehyde
    —— Boc-rac-Lys(Z)-OH 55878-47-2 C19H28N2O6
    Boc-rac-Lys(Z)-OH
    —— 3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 142451-65-8 C27H30O15
    3-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— Quercetin 7-O-glucoside 491-50-9 C21H20O12
    Quercetin 7-O-glucoside
    —— 2-[6-(2-Hydroxyethylamino)purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 4338-48-1 C12H17N5O5
    2-[6-(2-Hydroxyethylamino)purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
    —— Piericidin A 2738-64-9 C25H37NO4
    Piericidin A
    —— Levoglucosan, triacetate 13242-55-2 C12H16O8
    Levoglucosan, triacetate
    —— (10-Hydroxy-4,5,14,15,16-pentamethoxy-9,10-dimethyl-3-tricyclo[10.4.0.02,7]hexadeca-1(16),2,4,6,12,14-hexaenyl) benzoate 66056-23-3 C30H34O8
    (10-Hydroxy-4,5,14,15,16-pentamethoxy-9,10-dimethyl-3-tricyclo[10.4.0.02,7]hexadeca-1(16),2,4,6,12,14-hexaenyl) benzoate
    —— Boc-D-His-OH 121428-29-3 C11H17N3O4
    Boc-D-His-OH
    —— D-Glucose, 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl- 585-99-9 C12H22O11
    D-Glucose, 6-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-
    —— <i>N</i>-indol-3-ylacetyl-valine 57105-42-7 C15H18N2O3
    <i>N</i>-indol-3-ylacetyl-valine
    —— fargesin 28115-69-7 C21H22O6
    fargesin
    —— Chonglou saponin II 76296-72-5 C44H70O16
    Chonglou saponin II
    —— optically inactive <i>N</i>-β-aspartyl-alanine 13110-25-3 C7H12N2O5
    optically inactive <i>N</i>-β-aspartyl-alanine
    —— 8 BrGuo 4016-63-1 C10H12BrN5O5
    8 BrGuo
    —— 12b-Acetoxy-3b-hydroxy-4,4,14-trimethyl-7,11,15-trioxochol-8-en-24-oic acid, 9CI 98665-17-9 C29H40O8
    12b-Acetoxy-3b-hydroxy-4,4,14-trimethyl-7,11,15-trioxochol-8-en-24-oic acid, 9CI
    —— Neohesperidin 13241-33-3 C28H34O15
    Neohesperidin
    —— N<sup>α</sup>-(t-butoxycarbonyl)ornithine 21887-64-9 C10H20N2O4
    N<sup>α</sup>-(t-butoxycarbonyl)ornithine
    —— Spirosta-5,25(27)-dien-1,3-diol 17676-33-4 C27H40O4
    Spirosta-5,25(27)-dien-1,3-diol
    —— (S)-2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-benzopyrone 520-33-2 C16H14O6
    (S)-2,3-dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-benzopyrone
    —— Dynorphin B (1-13) 85006-82-2 C74H115N21O17
    Dynorphin B (1-13)
    —— isoleucine 443-79-8 C6H13NO2
    isoleucine
    —— Chikusetsusaponin I 52286-74-5 C42H72O13
    Chikusetsusaponin I
    —— Filixic acid ABA 38226-84-5 C32H36O12
    Filixic acid ABA
    —— 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 33401-87-5 C18H32O16
    2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Ingenol-5,20-acetonide 77573-43-4 C23H32O5
    Ingenol-5,20-acetonide
    —— 6-Bromo-2-naphthalenyl-b-D-mannopyranoside 28541-84-6 C16H17BrO6
    6-Bromo-2-naphthalenyl-b-D-mannopyranoside
    —— beta-D-Glucopyranoside, 2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl 138-52-3 C13H18O7
    beta-D-Glucopyranoside, 2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl
    —— 2'-Desoxyuridine 951-78-0 C9H12N2O5
    2'-Desoxyuridine
    —— Anserin 584-85-0 C10H16N4O3
    Anserin
    —— Aerobactin 26198-65-2 C22H36N4O13
    Aerobactin
    —— 1,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid 1182-34-9 C25H24O12
    1,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid
    —— Kashmirine 61825-98-7 C27H43NO3
    Kashmirine
    —— <i>N</i>-indol-3-ylacetyl-leucine 36838-63-8 C16H20N2O3
    <i>N</i>-indol-3-ylacetyl-leucine
    —— milnacipran 136090-84-1 C15H22N2O
    milnacipran
    —— febrifugine 24159-07-7 C16H19N3O3
    febrifugine
    —— Cucurbitacin C, 3.16.20-Trihydroxy-25-acetoxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-19-nor-lanostadien-(5.23)-dion-(11.22) 5988-76-1 C32H48O8
    Cucurbitacin C, 3.16.20-Trihydroxy-25-acetoxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-19-nor-lanostadien-(5.23)-dion-(11.22)
    —— 3-[1-(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonylimidazol-4-yl]-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propanoic acid 35899-43-5 C18H23N3O6S
    3-[1-(4-Methylphenyl)sulfonylimidazol-4-yl]-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]propanoic acid
    —— agrimol B 55576-66-4 C37H46O12
    agrimol B
    —— 3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one 492-30-8 C6H10O5
    3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-dihydro-furan-2-one
    —— b-Solamarine 3671-38-3 C45H73NO15
    b-Solamarine
    —— Gipsoside 15588-68-8 C80H126O44
    Gipsoside