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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one 20229-56-5 C21H20O12
    3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-4-one
    —— (2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(2-nitrophenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol 369-07-3 C12H15NO8
    (2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(2-nitrophenoxy)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— β-<o-Nitrophenyl>-D-glucopyranosid 369-07-3 C12H15NO8
    β-<o-Nitrophenyl>-D-glucopyranosid
    —— β-<o-Nitrophenyl>-D-galactopyranosid 369-07-3 C12H15NO8
    β-<o-Nitrophenyl>-D-galactopyranosid
    —— [13C9,15N]-phenylalanine 878339-23-2 C9H11NO2
    [13C9,15N]-phenylalanine
    —— D-<i>O</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>;<i>O</i><sup>4</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-((<i>R,S</i>)-dibenzylidene)-galactitol 5349-07-5 C20H22O6
    D-<i>O</i><sup>1</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>;<i>O</i><sup>4</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-((<i>R,S</i>)-dibenzylidene)-galactitol
    —— 7-Hydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavon-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosid 486-62-4 C22H22O9
    7-Hydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavon-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosid
    —— 4'-methoxyflavone-7-β-D-glucopyranoside 486-62-4 C22H22O9
    4'-methoxyflavone-7-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— Formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucosid 486-62-4 C22H22O9
    Formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucosid
    —— Ononin 486-62-4 C22H22O9
    Ononin
    —— 2-deoxy-L-ribose 533-67-5 C5H10O4
    2-deoxy-L-ribose
    —— acetylastragaloside I 84687-47-8 C47H74O17
    acetylastragaloside I
    —— Boc-Pro-Leu-OMe 15136-16-0 C17H30N2O5
    Boc-Pro-Leu-OMe
    —— 2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)prolinate 3392-10-7 C14H20N2O6
    2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)prolinate
    —— (3β,6α,16β,20R,24S)-3-[(2,3-di-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-20,24-epoxy-16,25-dihydroxy-9,19-cyclolanostan-6-yl β-D-glucopyranoside 84680-75-1 C45H72O16
    (3β,6α,16β,20R,24S)-3-[(2,3-di-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)oxy]-20,24-epoxy-16,25-dihydroxy-9,19-cyclolanostan-6-yl β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— cycloastragenol 84605-18-5 C30H50O5
    cycloastragenol
    —— tigogenin 3β-O-(β-D-glucopyranoside) 14835-43-9 C33H54O8
    tigogenin 3β-O-(β-D-glucopyranoside)
    —— BocGlu(OSu)OtBu 32886-55-8 C18H28N2O8
    BocGlu(OSu)OtBu
    —— (2S,3S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-methoxybutanoic acid 630424-73-6 C10H19NO5
    (2S,3S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-methoxybutanoic acid
    —— (6R,9R,12R)-6,9-dibenzyl-12-isobutyl-2,2-dimethyl-4,7,10-3-oxa-5,8,11-triazadecyl-13-carboxylic acid 1024829-72-8 C29H39N3O6
    (6R,9R,12R)-6,9-dibenzyl-12-isobutyl-2,2-dimethyl-4,7,10-3-oxa-5,8,11-triazadecyl-13-carboxylic acid
    —— 4’-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 6559-91-7 C21H20O8
    4’-demethylepipodophyllotoxin
    —— Coreopsin 499-29-6 C21H22O10
    Coreopsin
    —— N,N'-bis<(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl>cystine 10389-65-8 C16H28N2O8S2
    N,N'-bis<(tert-butyloxy)carbonyl>cystine
    —— Neferine 2292-16-2 C38H44N2O6
    Neferine
    —— monopotassium 4-hydroxy-α-[(3-methoxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl)amino]benzeneacetate 69416-61-1 C13H14NO5*K
    monopotassium 4-hydroxy-α-[(3-methoxy-1-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl)amino]benzeneacetate
    —— tetramethylammonium glycinate 55378-67-1 C2H4NO2*C4H12N
    tetramethylammonium glycinate
    —— glycyl-L-arginyl-glycyl-L-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-proline 91037-75-1 C22H37N9O10
    glycyl-L-arginyl-glycyl-L-aspartyl-L-seryl-L-proline
    —— L-Glc(a1-4)a-L-Glc 69-79-4 C12H22O11
    L-Glc(a1-4)a-L-Glc
    —— hematoxylin 517-28-2 C16H14O6
    hematoxylin
    —— α-[2-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]hydrazinylidene]-2-nitrobenzenepropanoic acid 315706-13-9 C18H12Cl2N4O4S
    α-[2-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]hydrazinylidene]-2-nitrobenzenepropanoic acid
    —— isocolumbin 471-54-5 C20H22O6
    isocolumbin
    —— Phellodendrin 6873-13-8 C20H24NO4
    Phellodendrin
    —— Arthanitin 7228-78-6 C23H25ClO12
    Arthanitin
    —— (S)-3-(6-acetylnaphthalen-2-ylamino)-2-aminopropanoic acid 1313516-26-5 C15H16N2O3
    (S)-3-(6-acetylnaphthalen-2-ylamino)-2-aminopropanoic acid
    —— 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-{4-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-6-[(7S,9aS)-7-(hydroxylmethyl)hexahydropyrazino[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8(1H)-yl]-3-pyridinyl}-N,2-dimethylpropanamide 929046-33-3 C33H35F7N4O3
    2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-{4-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-6-[(7S,9aS)-7-(hydroxylmethyl)hexahydropyrazino[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8(1H)-yl]-3-pyridinyl}-N,2-dimethylpropanamide
    —— (R)-dibenzyl 2-aminosuccinate hydrochloride 6327-59-9 C18H19NO4*ClH
    (R)-dibenzyl 2-aminosuccinate hydrochloride
    —— (6S,9aS)-N-benzyl-8-((6-(3-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)azetidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-((2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)-4,7-dioxo-2-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-octahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-1-carboxamide 1799824-08-0 C39H48FN9O4
    (6S,9aS)-N-benzyl-8-((6-(3-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)azetidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-((2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)-4,7-dioxo-2-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-octahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-1-carboxamide
    —— (6S)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 26472-41-3 C21H30O5
    (6S)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— (R)-2-amino-3-(4-bromophenyl)propionic acid methyl ester hydrochloride 459133-43-8 C10H12BrNO2*ClH
    (R)-2-amino-3-(4-bromophenyl)propionic acid methyl ester hydrochloride
    —— alofanib 1612888-66-0 C19H15N3O6S
    alofanib
    —— (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-[5-chloro-2-((S)-1-methoxy-7-(morpholin-4-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[a]cyclohepten-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-ylamino]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid amide 1431697-87-8 C28H35ClN6O3
    (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-[5-chloro-2-((S)-1-methoxy-7-(morpholin-4-yl)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[a]cyclohepten-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-4-ylamino]bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid amide
    —— 6b-Hydroxy-3-tropinone 5932-53-6 C8H13NO2
    6b-Hydroxy-3-tropinone
    —— diethyl N-(p-aminobenzoyl)-glutamate 13726-52-8 C16H22N2O5
    diethyl N-(p-aminobenzoyl)-glutamate
    —— 1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid 1182-34-9 C25H24O12
    1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
    —— 5-(tert-butoxy)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-5-oxopentanoic acid 13726-84-6 C14H25NO6
    5-(tert-butoxy)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-5-oxopentanoic acid
    —— (5α,20β<sub>F</sub><i>H</i>)-cholestan-3-one 566-88-1 C27H46O
    (5α,20β<sub>F</sub><i>H</i>)-cholestan-3-one
    —— (5α)-cholestan-3-one 566-88-1 C27H46O
    (5α)-cholestan-3-one
    —— 19-Nor-Δ<sup>4.9</sup>-androstadien-3.17-dion 5173-46-6 C18H22O2
    19-Nor-Δ<sup>4.9</sup>-androstadien-3.17-dion
    —— beclabuvir 958002-33-0 C36H45N5O5S
    beclabuvir
    —— 22,23-dihydrobrusatol 25514-31-2 C26H34O11
    22,23-dihydrobrusatol