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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— β-ACETYLDIGOXIN 5355-48-6 C43H66O15
    β-ACETYLDIGOXIN
    —— 17α-hydroxy-20α-yohimban-16α-carboxylic acid methyl ester; hydrochloride 65-19-0 C21H26N2O3*ClH
    17α-hydroxy-20α-yohimban-16α-carboxylic acid methyl ester; hydrochloride
    —— leuprolide IS 52435-05-9 C56H78N16O12
    leuprolide IS
    —— α-D-MANNOSE-1-PHOSPHATE DIPOTASSIUM SALT DIHYDRATE 2040-69-9 C6H11O9P*2K
    α-D-MANNOSE-1-PHOSPHATE DIPOTASSIUM SALT DIHYDRATE
    —— O-tert-butyl-L-serine tert-butyl ester hydrochloride 51537-21-4 C11H23NO3*ClH
    O-tert-butyl-L-serine tert-butyl ester hydrochloride
    —— ATP 56-65-5 C10H16N5O13P3
    ATP
    —— (S)-1-(3-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 168332-12-5 C29H30N2O6
    (S)-1-(3-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl)-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
    —— Adenosine triphosphate 56-65-5 C10H16N5O13P3
    Adenosine triphosphate
    —— 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-2-phenyl-1-{4-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl}-1-pentanone 57-48-7 C6H12O6
    3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-2-phenyl-1-{4-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl}-1-pentanone
    —— P'-[2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl] ester uridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), disodium salt 91183-98-1 C17H25N3O17P2*2Na
    P'-[2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl] ester uridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), disodium salt
    —— pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside 18466-51-8 C21H21O10*Cl
    pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside
    —— Coleonol 66428-89-5 C22H34O7
    Coleonol
    —— L-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium salt 40951-21-1 C5H6O5*2Na
    L-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium salt
    —— jujuboside B (Compound I) 55466-05-2 C52H84O21
    jujuboside B (Compound I)
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 27208-80-6 C20H22O8
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[3-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— D-Allopyranose 50-99-7 C6H12O6
    D-Allopyranose
    —— methyl-2,3-didehydro-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminate 73960-72-2 C20H27NO12
    methyl-2,3-didehydro-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminate
    —— <i>O</i><sup>2'</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3'</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>5"</sup>-triacetyl-uridine 4105-38-8 C15H18N2O9
    <i>O</i><sup>2'</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3'</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>5"</sup>-triacetyl-uridine
    —— 5-bromo-4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine 676556-11-9 C9H11BrN2O4S
    5-bromo-4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine
    —— magnesium;(2S)-2-aminobutanedioate;tetrahydrate 2068-80-6 C8H18MgN2O12
    magnesium;(2S)-2-aminobutanedioate;tetrahydrate
    —— berberine hemisulfate 633-66-9 C22H22NO4*0O4S
    berberine hemisulfate
    —— Cymarin 508-77-0 C30H44O9
    Cymarin
    —— Sodium orthovanadate 13721-39-6 3Na*O4V
    Sodium orthovanadate
    —— k-Strophanthidin 508-77-0 C30H44O9
    k-Strophanthidin
    —— k-Strophanthidin 508-77-0 C30H44O9
    k-Strophanthidin
    —— k-Strophanthidin 508-77-0 C30H44O9
    k-Strophanthidin
    —— α,α-trehalose (dihydrate form) 6138-23-4 C12H22O11*2H2O
    α,α-trehalose (dihydrate form)
    —— (3R,5Z,7E,24S)-9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10-triene-3,24,25-triol 40013-87-4 C27H44O3
    (3R,5Z,7E,24S)-9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10-triene-3,24,25-triol
    —— α,α-trehalose*2D2O 6138-23-4 C12H22O11*.2(2)H2O
    α,α-trehalose*2D2O
    —— Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Dihydrate 516-35-8 C26H45NO6S
    Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Dihydrate
    —— 3α,7α-Dihydroxy-5β-cholanoyltaurin 516-35-8 C26H45NO6S
    3α,7α-Dihydroxy-5β-cholanoyltaurin
    —— Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Dihydrate 516-35-8 C26H45NO6S
    Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Dihydrate
    —— Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Dihydrate 516-35-8 C26H45NO6S
    Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Dihydrate
    —— 4-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-mannose 63-42-3 C12H22O11
    4-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-mannose
    —— LACTOSE, MONOHYDRATE 5989-81-1 C12H22O11*H2O
    LACTOSE, MONOHYDRATE
    —— <i>O</i><sup>4</sup>-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranose; compound with calcium bromide 5989-81-1 C12H22O11*7H2O*Br2Ca
    <i>O</i><sup>4</sup>-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranose; compound with calcium bromide
    —— 7-iodo-7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine 172163-62-1 C11H13IN4O4
    7-iodo-7-deaza-2'-deoxyguanosine
    —— <i>O</i><sup>4</sup>-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranose; compound with calcium iodide 5989-81-1 C12H22O11*3H2O*CaI2
    <i>O</i><sup>4</sup>-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranose; compound with calcium iodide
    —— <i>O</i><sup>4</sup>-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranose; compound with calcium chloride 5989-81-1 C12H22O11*7H2O*CaCl2
    <i>O</i><sup>4</sup>-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranose; compound with calcium chloride
    —— 6,6'-dideoxy-6,6'-diiodo-α,α'-trehalose 52290-50-3 C12H20I2O9
    6,6'-dideoxy-6,6'-diiodo-α,α'-trehalose
    —— (S,E)-methyl 7-(1-(2-(2-ethylbutylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-ylamino)-6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamido)-7-oxohept-2-enoate 9001-47-2 C26H36N6O6
    (S,E)-methyl 7-(1-(2-(2-ethylbutylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-ylamino)-6-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamido)-7-oxohept-2-enoate
    —— (R)-2-amino-5-((R)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid 2566-39-4 C11H20N2O5
    (R)-2-amino-5-((R)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid
    —— (1S)-(-)-α-pinene 7785-26-4 C10H16
    (1S)-(-)-α-pinene
    —— eldecalcitol 104121-92-8 C30H50O5
    eldecalcitol
    —— (1R,3R,4R,7S)-3-(6-benzamido-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-((bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)methyl)-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-yl (2-cyanoethyl) diisopropylphosphoramidite 206055-79-0 C48H52N7O8P
    (1R,3R,4R,7S)-3-(6-benzamido-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-((bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)methyl)-2,5-dioxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-7-yl (2-cyanoethyl) diisopropylphosphoramidite
    —— (25R)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1''->2')-O-β-D-galactopyranoside 41059-79-4 C39H64O13
    (25R)-5β-spirostan-3β-ol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1''->2')-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
    —— fidaxomicin 873857-62-6 C52H74Cl2O18
    fidaxomicin
    —— AGN 194310 229961-45-9 C28H24O2S
    AGN 194310
    —— Pyr6 245747-08-4 C17H9F7N4O
    Pyr6
    —— ((1S)-1-((((1S)-1-benzyl-2,3-dioxo-3-(cyclopropylamino)propyl)amino)carbonyl)-3-methylbutyl)carbamic acid 5-methoxy-3-oxapentyl ester 854402-59-8 C25H37N3O7
    ((1S)-1-((((1S)-1-benzyl-2,3-dioxo-3-(cyclopropylamino)propyl)amino)carbonyl)-3-methylbutyl)carbamic acid 5-methoxy-3-oxapentyl ester