生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。
生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。
该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。
目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。
随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | (2R)-3-[(2R,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'R,4R,4aS,6S,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid | 78111-17-8 | C44H68O13 |
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—— | [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aR,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate | 34540-22-2 | C48H78O20 |
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—— | potassium;(2S)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-[[(E)-4-methoxy-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl]amino]acetate | 69416-61-1 | C13H14KNO5 |
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—— | arctigenin 4'-O-D-glucoside | 20362-31-6 | C27H34O11 |
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—— | (2R)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | 14941-08-3 | C28H34O14 |
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—— | 1-(1-Oxohexadecyl)-L-proline sodium salt | 58725-33-0 | C21H38NNaO3 |
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—— | (r,s)-2-Amino-3-[3-(carboxymethoxy)-5-methyl-isoxazol-4-yl]propionic Acid Sesquihydrate | 209977-56-0 | C18H30N4O15 |
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—— | 3-Dimethylallyl-4,4'-dihydroxy-6-methoxychalcone | 58749-22-7 | C21H22O4 |
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—— | Ophiopogonin A | 11054-24-3 | C41H64O13 |
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—— | Sennoside C | 37271-16-2 | C42H40O19 |
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—— | [(1S,4S,5S,6R,9R,10R,12R,14R)-5,6-dihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3,11,11,14-tetramethyl-15-oxo-4-tetracyclo[7.5.1.01,5.010,12]pentadeca-2,7-dienyl] (Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoate | 75567-37-2 | C25H34O6 |
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—— | Roburic acid | 6812-81-3 | C30H48O2 |
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—— | D-Raffinose Pentahydrate | 17629-30-0 | C18H32O16.5H2O |
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—— | Rhodionine | 85571-15-9 | C21H20O11 |
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—— | sabutoclax | 1228108-65-3 | C42H40N2O8 |
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—— | 3-[3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxydecanoyloxy]decanoic acid;3-[3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxydecanoyloxy]decanoic acid | 147858-26-2 | C58H106O22 |
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—— | 16,17-dimethoxy-5,7-dioxa-13-azoniapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.04,8.015,20]henicosa-1(13),2,4(8),9,14,16,18,20-octaene;sulfuric acid | 316-41-6 | C40H38N2O12S+2 |
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—— | Fmoc-(2R,3S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic acid | 1217833-77-6 | C21H23NO5 |
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—— | (R)-2-Amino-2-(2-chlorophenyl)acetic acid hydrochloride | 1045712-21-7 | C8H9Cl2NO2 |
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—— | sodium;[(3aS,4R,6R,6aS)-4-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-2-oxido-2-oxo-3a,4,6,6a-tetrahydrofuro[3,4-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphol-6-yl]methanol | 37063-35-7 | C10H11N5NaO6P |
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—— | 4-Aminophenyl 4-O-beta-D-threo-hexopyranosyl-beta-D-threo-hexopyranoside | 42935-24-0 | C18H27NO11 |
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—— | (2S,4S,5S)-2-{[(2S,3R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-YL]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 35405-71-1 | C12H20O10 |
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—— | 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzyl-D-threo-hexopyranose | 61330-61-8 | C34H36O6 |
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—— | (4S,5S)-6-[[(2S,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol | 499-40-1 | C12H22O11 |
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—— | Champix | 375815-87-5 | C17H19N3O6 |
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—— | 2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl- | 3690-10-6 | C9H12N2O5 |
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—— | Astrasieversianin XIV | 84687-43-4 | C41H68O14 |
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—— | (2S,4S,5S)-2-hexylsulfanyl-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 85618-19-5 | C12H24O5S |
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—— | 7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 26544-34-3 | C26H28O14 |
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—— | Gal(a1-6)Hex | 585-99-9 | C12H22O11 |
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—— | Sodium (3S,4R,5R)-6-((hydrogenphosphonato)oxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-oxohexyl phosphate octahydrate | 81028-91-3 | C6H27Na3O20P2 |
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—— | [(2S,3R,6R,8S)-6-hydroxy-8-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9,10-dioxatetracyclo[4.3.1.02,5.03,8]decan-2-yl]methyl benzoate | 23180-57-6 | C23H28O11 |
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—— | (2R)-3-[(2S,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,1R)-3-[(2S,2'R,4R,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[(1S,3S)-1-hydroxy-3-[(3R,6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylene-spiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-tetrahydrofuran]-2'-yl]-1-methyl-allyl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanoic acid | 78111-17-8 | C44H68O13 |
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—— | [(2R,3R,4S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,6S)-6-[(2R,3S,4S,6R)-6-[[(3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,16S,17R)-14,16-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl] acetate | 17575-21-2 | C49H76O20 |
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—— | (4-nitrophenyl)methyl (4R,5S,6S)-6-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methyl-7-oxo-3,4-diphenoxy-5-phosphonooxy-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate | 39450-01-6 | C29H27N2O12P |
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—— | (2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2S)-6-methyl-2-[(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3,6,12-trihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]hept-5-en-2-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol | 53963-43-2 | C36H62O9 |
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—— | Plasma kallikrein | 460738-38-9 | C305H442N88O91S8 |
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—— | (1-(3,4-difluorobenzyl)-2-oxo-N-{1(R)-2-[(2-oxo2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl)oxy]-1-phenylethyl}-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide) | 1001409-50-2 | C28H22F2N4O4 |
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—— | methyl (4aS,6aR,6bS,12aS)-11-cyano-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10,14-dioxo-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,14a,14b-decahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 218600-53-4 | C32H43NO4 |
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—— | evacetrapib | 1186486-62-3 | C31H36F6N6O2 |
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—— | Sodium (2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroxyheptanoate | 31138-65-5 | C7H13NaO8 |
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—— | cyclo[Abu-Sar-N(Me)Leu-Val-N(Me)Leu-Ala-D-Ala-N(Me)Leu-N(Me)Leu-DL-N(Me)Val-N(Me)Bmt(E)] | 59865-13-3 | C62H111N11O12 |
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—— | (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,6R,8R,10R,12S,14S,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2Z)-6-methylhepta-2,5-dien-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 126223-28-7 | C42H70O12 |
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—— | Ro 67-7476 | 298690-60-5 | C17H18FNO2S |
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—— | Nickel(3+);2-[[phenyl-[2-(2-piperidin-1-ylacetyl)azanidylphenyl]methylidene]amino]acetate | 847654-17-5 | C22H23N3NiO3+ |
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—— | Aconitane-3,8,13,14,15-pentol, 4-(methoxymethyl)-20-methyl-1,6,16-trimethoxy-, 14-benzoate, (1-alpha,3-alpha,6-alpha,14-alpha,15-alpha,16-beta)- | 63238-67-5 | C31H43NO10 |
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—— | (1S)-5,10-dimethyl-8,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,13.07,11]hexadeca-4,7(11),9-trien-15-one | 13476-25-0 | C15H16O4 |
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—— | [6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6bR,9R,12aR)-8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate | 34540-22-2 | C48H78O20 |
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—— | Linderane (Standard) | 13476-25-0 | C15H16O4 |
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—— | [6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aS,6bR,9R,12aR)-10,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate | 16830-15-2 | C48H78O19 |
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