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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— N-palmitoyl-L-hydroxyproline 41736-92-9 C21H39NO4
    N-palmitoyl-L-hydroxyproline
    —— L-methionine-R-sulfoximine 1982-67-8 C5H12N2O3S
    L-methionine-R-sulfoximine
    —— Fmoc-Hyp-OH 88050-17-3 C20H19NO5
    Fmoc-Hyp-OH
    —— (2R,4R)-1-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid 130930-25-5 C13H15NO5
    (2R,4R)-1-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-4-hydroxypyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
    —— trans-4-hydroxyproline 3398-22-9 C5H9NO3
    trans-4-hydroxyproline
    —— methyl (2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-1-tosylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylate 16257-57-1 C13H17NO5S
    methyl (2S,4R)-4-hydroxy-1-tosylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylate
    —— N-Cbz-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline ethyl ester 103667-57-8 C15H19NO5
    N-Cbz-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline ethyl ester
    —— <i>O</i><sup>5'</sup>-phosphono-riboflavin; monosodium-salt 6184-17-4 C17H20N4O9P*2H2O*Na
    <i>O</i><sup>5'</sup>-phosphono-riboflavin; monosodium-salt
    —— 5-(4-([6-(4-amino-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methoxy)benzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione hydrochloride 223132-38-5 C27H26N4O4S*ClH
    5-(4-([6-(4-amino-3,5-dimethylphenoxy)-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methoxy)benzyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione hydrochloride
    —— D-Fructose-6-phosphate disodium salt 26177-86-6 C6H13NaO9P
    D-Fructose-6-phosphate disodium salt
    —— (2R,3S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)butanoic acid 1126450-23-4 C15H31NO5Si
    (2R,3S)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)butanoic acid
    —— 6-deoxy-D-glucose 634-74-2 C6H12O5
    6-deoxy-D-glucose
    —— L(+)-rhamnose 634-74-2 C6H12O5
    L(+)-rhamnose
    —— 6-deoxy-D-gulose 634-74-2 C6H12O5
    6-deoxy-D-gulose
    —— pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione 152-62-5 C21H28O2
    pregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione
    —— (3S,4R,5R)-2-fluoro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal 29702-43-0 C6H11FO5
    (3S,4R,5R)-2-fluoro-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal
    —— Fmoc-Asp(ODmab)-OH 269066-08-2 C39H42N2O8
    Fmoc-Asp(ODmab)-OH
    —— 3-(S)-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-piperazine-2,5-dione 5845-66-9 C11H12N2O3
    3-(S)-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-piperazine-2,5-dione
    —— methyl 2S-amino-3-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)propionate hydrochloride 34805-17-9 C17H19NO3*ClH
    methyl 2S-amino-3-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)propionate hydrochloride
    —— (3S,3aS,6S,6aS)hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3,6-diol 641-74-7 C6H10O4
    (3S,3aS,6S,6aS)hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-3,6-diol
    —— 1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-deoxy-α-D-ribofuranose 37105-93-4 C8H14O4
    1,2-O-isopropylidene-5-deoxy-α-D-ribofuranose
    —— Buclizin-hydrochlorid 129-74-8 C28H33ClN2*ClH
    Buclizin-hydrochlorid
    —— AZD6738 1352226-88-0 C20H24N6O2S
    AZD6738
    —— (3S,5S)-3,5-Dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane 112494-41-4 C21H28O6
    (3S,5S)-3,5-Dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane
    —— N-Boc-L-selenomethionine 45172-44-9 C10H19NO4Se
    N-Boc-L-selenomethionine
    —— esculin 531-75-9 C15H16O9
    esculin
    —— (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(phenylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate 23661-28-1 C20H24O9S
    (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(phenylthio)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate
    —— tubuloside A 112516-05-9 C37H48O21
    tubuloside A
    —— 3-epismilagenin 77-60-1 C27H44O3
    3-epismilagenin
    —— brandioside 133393-81-4 C37H48O20
    brandioside
    —— (2S,3S,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-ium chloride 73285-50-4 C6H13NO4*ClH
    (2S,3S,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-ium chloride
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol hydrochloride 73285-50-4 C6H13NO4*ClH
    (2S,3R,4S,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol hydrochloride
    —— timosaponin BIII 142759-74-8 C45H74O18
    timosaponin BIII
    —— Tigogenin 77-60-1 C27H44O3
    Tigogenin
    —— teriflunomide 108605-62-5 C12H9F3N2O2
    teriflunomide
    —— ammonium 3-deoxy-D-glycero-β-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonate 112543-66-5 C9H16O9*H3N
    ammonium 3-deoxy-D-glycero-β-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonate
    —— hypoxanthine 68-94-0 C5H4N4O
    hypoxanthine
    —— N-acetyl-L-mannosamine 72-87-7 C8H15NO6
    N-acetyl-L-mannosamine
    —— Argininpyroglutamat 56265-06-6 C5H7NO3*C6H14N4O2
    Argininpyroglutamat
    —— (4-cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)methanone dihydrochloride 929622-09-3 C19H27N3O2*2ClH
    (4-cyclopropylpiperazin-1-yl)(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)methanone dihydrochloride
    —— 2-hexanoylamino-2-deoxy-D-glucose 19817-88-0 C12H23NO6
    2-hexanoylamino-2-deoxy-D-glucose
    —— [(7-hydroxy-5-phenethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-8-carbonyl)amino]acetic acid 1262132-81-9 C17H16N4O4
    [(7-hydroxy-5-phenethyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-8-carbonyl)amino]acetic acid
    —— CYNARIN 1182-34-9 C25H24O12
    CYNARIN
    —— disodium bis(γ-L-glutamyl)-L-cysteinyldiglycinate 103239-24-3 C20H30N6O12S2*2Na
    disodium bis(γ-L-glutamyl)-L-cysteinyldiglycinate
    —— R-(+)-α-pinene 80-56-8 C10H16
    R-(+)-α-pinene
    —— 5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide 387334-31-8 C10H17NO3
    5-tert-butoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide
    —— (S)-5-(5-chloro-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl)-6-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-(2,4-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-1-isopropyl-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]imidazol-4-one 1448867-41-1 C26H24Cl2N6O4
    (S)-5-(5-chloro-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl)-6-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-(2,4-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-5-yl)-1-isopropyl-5,6-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]imidazol-4-one
    —— 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate 23583-48-4 C10H11BrN5O6P
    8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate
    —— adenosine 3',5'-(cyclic)phosphate monosodium salt 37839-81-9 C10H11N5O6P*Na
    adenosine 3',5'-(cyclic)phosphate monosodium salt
    —— muramyl dipeptide 53678-77-6 C19H32N4O11
    muramyl dipeptide