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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 5-O-(3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoyl)-2-C-{[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]methyl}pentose 469-32-9 C20H20O14
    5-O-(3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoyl)-2-C-{[(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy]methyl}pentose
    —— Cucurbitacin D 3877-86-9 C30H44O7
    Cucurbitacin D
    —— Aconin 509-20-6 C25H41NO9
    Aconin
    —— Hyodeoxycholylglycine 13042-33-6 C26H43NO5
    Hyodeoxycholylglycine
    —— 4-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethylidene)-9-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,5,16-triazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,7.010,15]hexadeca-10,12,14-triene-3,6-dione 58735-64-1 C22H23N5O2
    4-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethylidene)-9-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,5,16-triazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,7.010,15]hexadeca-10,12,14-triene-3,6-dione
    —— [6-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[6-methyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 85013-02-1 C56H94O24
    [6-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[6-methyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate
    —— [({[5-(2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy}(hydroxy)phosphoryl)oxy]-λ⁵-phosphanetris(olate) 19817-91-5 —— ——
    —— 3,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadec-7-ene 56293-29-9 C15H24N2
    3,15-diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.010,15]heptadec-7-ene
    —— benzyloxycarbonylarginine 5619-02-3 C14H20N4O4
    benzyloxycarbonylarginine
    —— Glutamylvaline 5879-06-1 C10H18N2O5
    Glutamylvaline
    —— Aristolindiquinone 86533-36-0 C12H10O4
    Aristolindiquinone
    —— apigenin-8-C-hexoside 3681-93-4 C21H20O10
    apigenin-8-C-hexoside
    —— Campesterin 474-62-4 C28H48O
    Campesterin
    —— 6-[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol 850347-32-9 C12H24O11
    6-[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol
    —— 2-acetyl-4-[[3-[[3-[(5-acetyl-2,6-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)methyl]-5-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl]methyl]-5-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl]methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 12777-70-7 C43H48O16
    2-acetyl-4-[[3-[[3-[(5-acetyl-2,6-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)methyl]-5-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl]methyl]-5-butanoyl-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl]methyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-6,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— 2-[6-amino-2-(phenylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 53296-10-9 C16H18N6O4
    2-[6-amino-2-(phenylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
    —— Isodonol 28957-04-2 C20H28O6
    Isodonol
    —— dendroban-12-one 2115-91-5 C16H25NO2
    dendroban-12-one
    —— Behenoyl-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine 55726-47-1 C31H55N3O6
    Behenoyl-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine
    —— 4-[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal 1109-28-0 C18H32O16
    4-[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyhexanal
    —— Silidianin, INN 29782-68-1 C25H24O10
    Silidianin, INN
    —— 4-amino-1-(2-hydroxymethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one 145918-75-8 C8H11N3O4
    4-amino-1-(2-hydroxymethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one
    —— 9-(3-o-Methylpentofuranosyl)-9h-purin-6-amine 10300-22-8 C11H15N5O4
    9-(3-o-Methylpentofuranosyl)-9h-purin-6-amine
    —— 2-Z,5-BOC-ornithine 7733-29-1 C18H26N2O6
    2-Z,5-BOC-ornithine
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 14197-60-5 C42H72O13
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 4-[(Diphenyl-p-tolyl-methyl)-amino]-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-butyric acid 851392-68-2 C39H36N2O4
    4-[(Diphenyl-p-tolyl-methyl)-amino]-2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-butyric acid
    —— Brilliant Black BN 2519-30-4 C28H21N5O14S4
    Brilliant Black BN
    —— 1,2,4A,5,6,8A-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-naphthalene 483-76-1 C12H18
    1,2,4A,5,6,8A-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-naphthalene
    —— D-Fructose, 3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl- 547-25-1 C12H22O11
    D-Fructose, 3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-
    —— Aicar 37642-57-2 C9H14N4O5
    Aicar
    —— Deoxyguanosine,2'-amino 60966-26-9 C10H14N6O4
    Deoxyguanosine,2'-amino
    —— Robursaeure 6812-81-3 C30H48O2
    Robursaeure
    —— spicatosideB 87425-34-1 C39H62O12
    spicatosideB
    —— Neopoucirin 14259-47-3 C28H34O14
    Neopoucirin
    —— 2-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[6-methyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 52705-93-8 C48H82O18
    2-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[6-methyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 2-[[5-Hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 479-98-1 C15H22O9
    2-[[5-Hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— [4,5-Dihydroxy-6-[7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-5-yl]oxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 109232-77-1 C29H32O15
    [4,5-Dihydroxy-6-[7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-5-yl]oxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate
    —— (3S,4R,5R)-1,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxy-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexan-2-one 13718-94-0 C12H22O11
    (3S,4R,5R)-1,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxy-6-(((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexan-2-one
    —— α-guanidinoglutaric acid 73477-53-9 C6H11N3O4
    α-guanidinoglutaric acid
    —— Procurcumenol 21698-40-8 C15H22O2
    Procurcumenol
    —— phenylalanylleucine 3303-55-7 C15H22N2O3
    phenylalanylleucine
    —— cannabidivarin 24274-48-4 C19H26O2
    cannabidivarin
    —— Coenzyme A 85-61-0 C21H36N7O16P3S
    Coenzyme A
    —— Glycine, N-[(3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]- 475-31-0 C26H43NO6
    Glycine, N-[(3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl]-
    —— Panaxytriol 87005-03-6 C17H26O3
    Panaxytriol
    —— 2-[2-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl)oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 20318-30-3 C45H73NO16
    2-[2-[3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-yl)oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— isoleucylalanine 24787-73-3 C9H18N2O3
    isoleucylalanine
    —— 2-[[3,12-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 63223-86-9 C36H62O9
    2-[[3,12-Dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Fmoc-Ile 71989-23-6 C21H23NO4
    Fmoc-Ile
    —— Fmoc-DL-Arg(Pmc)(Pmc)-OH 119831-72-0 C35H42N4O7S
    Fmoc-DL-Arg(Pmc)(Pmc)-OH