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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-cyclopropylacetic acid 54256-41-6 C10H17NO4
    (R)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-cyclopropylacetic acid
    —— 4-((2-(p-Chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indolyl)acetyl)morpholine 2854-32-2 C23H23ClN2O4
    4-((2-(p-Chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indolyl)acetyl)morpholine
    —— cyclazosin 146929-33-1 C23H27N5O4*ClH
    cyclazosin
    —— Hytrin 70024-40-7 C19H25N5O4*ClH*2H2O
    Hytrin
    —— 2’-C-methyladenosine 15397-12-3 C11H15N5O4
    2’-C-methyladenosine
    —— N-1R-[3-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-ethyl-N-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-acetamide 473719-41-4 C32H28F3N5O4
    N-1R-[3-(4-ethoxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-ethyl-N-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-2-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-acetamide
    —— myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside 132679-85-7 C20H18O12
    myricetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside
    —— gold(1+);3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2-thiolate 12192-57-3 C6H11AuO5S
    gold(1+);3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2-thiolate
    —— Tubeimoside 1 102040-03-9 C63H98O29
    Tubeimoside 1
    —— (1R,3R,6R,7R,10R)-3-hydroxy-10-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-2-yl]-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]dec-8-en-2-one 29782-68-1 C25H22O10
    (1R,3R,6R,7R,10R)-3-hydroxy-10-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-8-[(2R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-2-yl]-4-oxatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]dec-8-en-2-one
    —— 1(4H)-Naphthalenone, 4-[(4-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)phenylmethylene]- 145-50-6 C27H18O2
    1(4H)-Naphthalenone, 4-[(4-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)phenylmethylene]-
    —— Octylthioglucoside 85618-21-9 C14H28O5S
    Octylthioglucoside
    —— EsculentosideH 66656-92-6 C48H76O21
    EsculentosideH
    —— N2-[(1S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N6-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-diamine 1239358-86-1 C21H20FN7
    N2-[(1S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-N6-(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-diamine
    —— (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[(2R,4S,5R,13S,18S)-2-hydroxy-4,5,9,9,13,20,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 20736-08-7 C48H78O17
    (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[(2R,4S,5R,13S,18S)-2-hydroxy-4,5,9,9,13,20,20-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— zosuquidar 167465-36-3 C32H31F2N3O2
    zosuquidar
    —— (1S,4S,7S,8S,11S,12R,13S)-2,12-Dimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-10-oxa-2-azatetracyclo[5.4.1.18,11.04,12]tridecan-9-one 2115-91-5 C16H25NO2
    (1S,4S,7S,8S,11S,12R,13S)-2,12-Dimethyl-13-propan-2-yl-10-oxa-2-azatetracyclo[5.4.1.18,11.04,12]tridecan-9-one
    —— α-santalol 115-71-9 C15H24O
    α-santalol
    —— (Z)-α-santalol 115-71-9 C15H24O
    (Z)-α-santalol
    —— Rhynchophyllin 76-66-4 C22H28N2O4
    Rhynchophyllin
    —— wuweizisu C 61301-33-5 C22H24O6
    wuweizisu C
    —— (S)-2-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-4-(4-nitro-phenylcarbamoyl)-butyric acid 56816-40-1 C19H15N3O7
    (S)-2-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-4-(4-nitro-phenylcarbamoyl)-butyric acid
    —— <i>N</i>-pyridoxylidene-glutamic acid 13934-03-7 C13H16N2O6
    <i>N</i>-pyridoxylidene-glutamic acid
    —— 5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol 64183-27-3 C10H12FN5O3
    5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-ol
    —— 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-prop-2-enoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 7464-56-4 C9H16O6
    2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-prop-2-enoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— dehydrobufothionine 475-39-8 C12H14N2O4S
    dehydrobufothionine
    —— N-Cinnamoyl-urethan 143816-12-0 C12H13NO3
    N-Cinnamoyl-urethan
    —— <i>trans</i>-cinnamoyl-carbamic acid ethyl ester 143816-12-0 C12H13NO3
    <i>trans</i>-cinnamoyl-carbamic acid ethyl ester
    —— 20-Glucoginsenoside RF 68406-27-9 C48H82O19
    20-Glucoginsenoside RF
    —— (1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone 137071-32-0 C43H68ClNO11
    (1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
    —— β-N-methylamino-D-alanine 20790-78-7 C4H10N2O2
    β-N-methylamino-D-alanine
    —— 2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate 72594-77-5 C16H23NO5
    2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate
    —— 2,4-Dinitro-Phenylalanin 49607-21-8 C9H9N3O6
    2,4-Dinitro-Phenylalanin
    —— 2-amino-3-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)propanoic acid 49607-21-8 C9H9N3O6
    2-amino-3-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)propanoic acid
    —— 4-bromo-N-(tetrahydro-2-furanylmethyl)benzamide 326898-76-4 C12H14BrNO2
    4-bromo-N-(tetrahydro-2-furanylmethyl)benzamide
    —— octylamino-acetic acid 52478-47-4 C10H21NO2
    octylamino-acetic acid
    —— p-Naphtholbenzein 145-50-6 C27H18O2
    p-Naphtholbenzein
    —— 5-O-[8-(cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)octylcarbamoyl]eseroline 154619-51-9 C28H46N4O3
    5-O-[8-(cis-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)octylcarbamoyl]eseroline
    —— (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-2-[(4S,5'R,7S,8R,9S,13S)-16-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-14-yl]-6-methyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol 41753-55-3 C44H70O16
    (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-2-[(4S,5'R,7S,8R,9S,13S)-16-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-14-yl]-6-methyl-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Cysteine-glutathione disulfide 13081-14-6 C13H22N4O8S2
    Cysteine-glutathione disulfide
    —— beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3alpha,12beta)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl- 80321-63-7 C47H80O17
    beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3alpha,12beta)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-12-hydroxydammar-24-en-20-yl 6-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2,3-bis[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]hexanal 13382-86-0 C18H32O16
    (2R,3S,4R,5R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2,3-bis[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]hexanal
    —— (1R,7S,10S,12R,13S,14R,16S,19S,20S)-19-(furan-3-yl)-12-hydroxy-9,9,13,20-tetramethyl-4,8,15,18-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.9.0.02,7.02,10.014,16.014,20]docosane-5,11,17-trione 33237-37-5 C26H30O9
    (1R,7S,10S,12R,13S,14R,16S,19S,20S)-19-(furan-3-yl)-12-hydroxy-9,9,13,20-tetramethyl-4,8,15,18-tetraoxahexacyclo[11.9.0.02,7.02,10.014,16.014,20]docosane-5,11,17-trione
    —— Ethyl (aminophenyl)acetate hydrochloride 879-48-1 C10H13ClNO2-
    Ethyl (aminophenyl)acetate hydrochloride
    —— (2R)-N-(2-aminoacetyl)-2-[[(2S)-4-[(3-aminophenyl)sulfonyl-(2-methylpropyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl]-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanamide 284661-68-3 C35H48FN5O5S
    (2R)-N-(2-aminoacetyl)-2-[[(2S)-4-[(3-aminophenyl)sulfonyl-(2-methylpropyl)amino]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl]-[(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanamide
    —— Calcium di-L-arabinonate 5346-83-8 C5H10CaO6+2
    Calcium di-L-arabinonate
    —— Methyl DL-valinate hydrochloride 5619-05-6 C6H13ClNO2-
    Methyl DL-valinate hydrochloride
    —— Ethyl DL-methionate hydrochloride 6297-53-6 C7H15ClNO2S-
    Ethyl DL-methionate hydrochloride
    —— Sodium N,N-dimethylglycinate 18319-88-5 C4H10NNaO2
    Sodium N,N-dimethylglycinate
    —— (S)-2-Amino-4-methylvaleramide monohydrochloride 10466-61-2 C6H14ClN2O-
    (S)-2-Amino-4-methylvaleramide monohydrochloride