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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2-Hydroxypropyl)-|A-cyclodextrin 128446-35-5 C63H112O42
    (2-Hydroxypropyl)-|A-cyclodextrin
    —— (R)-(+)-Etomoxir sodium salt 828934-41-4 C15H18ClNaO4
    (R)-(+)-Etomoxir sodium salt
    —— L-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine disodium salt hydrate 69847-45-6 C9H11NNa2O4
    L-3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine disodium salt hydrate
    —— 3-fluoro-<i>D</i>-3-deoxy-xylose 14537-01-0 C5H9FO4
    3-fluoro-<i>D</i>-3-deoxy-xylose
    —— (5xi)-1-O-Dodecanoyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranose 64395-91-1 C18H34O7
    (5xi)-1-O-Dodecanoyl-alpha-L-arabino-hexopyranose
    —— Rebastinib tosylate 1020172-07-9 C37H36FN7O6S
    Rebastinib tosylate
    —— Pharmakon1600-01500113 138-84-1 C7H7KNO2+
    Pharmakon1600-01500113
    —— H-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Cys(2)-DL-Glu-DL-Tyr-DL-Cys(3)-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Asn-DL-Pro-DL-Ala-DL-Cys(2)-DL-xiThr-Gly-DL-Cys(3)-DL-Tyr-OH 851199-59-2 C59H79N15O21S6
    H-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Cys(2)-DL-Glu-DL-Tyr-DL-Cys(3)-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Asn-DL-Pro-DL-Ala-DL-Cys(2)-DL-xiThr-Gly-DL-Cys(3)-DL-Tyr-OH
    —— Cyclo[(2Z)-2-amino-2-butenoyl-L-valyl-(3S,4E)-3-hydroxy-7-mercapto-4-heptenoyl-D-valyl-D-cysteinyl], cyclic (3-->5)-disulfide 128517-07-7 C24H36N4O6S2
    Cyclo[(2Z)-2-amino-2-butenoyl-L-valyl-(3S,4E)-3-hydroxy-7-mercapto-4-heptenoyl-D-valyl-D-cysteinyl], cyclic (3-->5)-disulfide
    —— Lefamulin 1061337-51-6 C28H45NO5S
    Lefamulin
    —— N-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl)-5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanamide 811442-85-0 C14H26N4O3S
    N-(2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethyl)-5-((3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl)pentanamide
    —— (4xi)-4,5-Anhydro-1,2-dideoxy-4-methyl-2-({N-[(morpholin-4-yl)acetyl]-L-alanyl-O-methyl-L-tyrosyl}amino)-1-phenyl-D-glycero-pent-3-ulose 960374-59-8 C31H40N4O7
    (4xi)-4,5-Anhydro-1,2-dideoxy-4-methyl-2-({N-[(morpholin-4-yl)acetyl]-L-alanyl-O-methyl-L-tyrosyl}amino)-1-phenyl-D-glycero-pent-3-ulose
    —— L(+)-Arabinose 87-72-9 C5H10O5
    L(+)-Arabinose
    —— cis-N-((4-Cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)-3-((4-methyl-6-(methylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexanecarboxamide 1142090-23-0 C21H24F3N7O
    cis-N-((4-Cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methyl)-3-((4-methyl-6-(methylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)cyclohexanecarboxamide
    —— 2-{[4,5-dihydroxy-2-({16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,11-pentamethyl-14-[(2Z)-6-methylhepta-2,5-dien-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-5-yl}oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 74964-14-0 C42H70O12
    2-{[4,5-dihydroxy-2-({16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,11-pentamethyl-14-[(2Z)-6-methylhepta-2,5-dien-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-5-yl}oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— ENMD-2076 (Tartrate) 1291074-87-7 C25H31N7O6
    ENMD-2076 (Tartrate)
    —— 3-Acetyl-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 2,3,6-trideoxy-3-[({[4-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-3-nitrophenyl]methoxy}carbonyl)amino]-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside 290304-24-4 C41H44N2O20
    3-Acetyl-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 2,3,6-trideoxy-3-[({[4-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-3-nitrophenyl]methoxy}carbonyl)amino]-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranoside
    —— Potassium O-[(3aR,4R,5S,7R)-octahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-5-yl] carbonodithioate 1096687-52-3 C11H15KOS2
    Potassium O-[(3aR,4R,5S,7R)-octahydro-1H-4,7-methanoinden-5-yl] carbonodithioate
    —— Sodium 5-chloro-3-(ethyl(phenyl)carbamoyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-olate 248282-07-7 C19H17ClN2NaO3
    Sodium 5-chloro-3-(ethyl(phenyl)carbamoyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-olate
    —— N-Fmoc-D-3-(3-quinolyl)alanine 1108622-91-8 C27H22N2O4
    N-Fmoc-D-3-(3-quinolyl)alanine
    —— Bavisant (dihydrochloride) 929622-09-3 C19H29Cl2N3O2
    Bavisant (dihydrochloride)
    —— 201677-61-4 C20H24N2NaO8S
    —— 1028486-06-7 C27H20ClFN4NaO4
    —— 518-51-4 C20H14NaO4
    —— N-L-Alanyl-L-histidine 3253-17-6 C9H14N4O3
    N-L-Alanyl-L-histidine
    —— L-Tyrosine disodium salt dihydrate 122666-87-9 C18H24N2Na2O8
    L-Tyrosine disodium salt dihydrate
    —— CC-115 hydrochloride 1300118-55-1 C16H17ClN8O
    CC-115 hydrochloride
    —— 33430-62-5 C10H15N2NaO8P
    —— Adenosine 5'-monophosphate xsodium salt 1231926-40-1 C10H14N5NaO7P
    Adenosine 5'-monophosphate xsodium salt
    —— |A-Naphthyl acid phosphate monosodium salt 2183-17-7 C10H9NaO4P
    |A-Naphthyl acid phosphate monosodium salt
    —— (4R,6R)-5-acetamido-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxane-2-carboxylic acid 131-48-6 C11H19NO9
    (4R,6R)-5-acetamido-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxane-2-carboxylic acid
    —— 20,25-Diazacholesterol hydrochloride 1249-84-9 C25H45ClN2O
    20,25-Diazacholesterol hydrochloride
    —— methyl D-phenylalanine hydrochloride 56564-52-4 C10H13NO2*ClH
    methyl D-phenylalanine hydrochloride
    —— RGX-104 610318-03-1 C34H33ClF3NO3*ClH
    RGX-104
    —— Fmoc-Dap(octanoyl)-OH 1423018-04-5 C26H32N2O5
    Fmoc-Dap(octanoyl)-OH
    —— N<sup>α</sup>-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-histidine 14997-58-1 C14H15N3O4
    N<sup>α</sup>-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-histidine
    —— N1-pyrrolidine-N5-(4-trifluoromethoxy)phenylbiguanide acetate 1422365-94-3 C2H4O2*C13H16F3N5O
    N1-pyrrolidine-N5-(4-trifluoromethoxy)phenylbiguanide acetate
    —— 3387-36-8 C9H13N2NaO9P
    —— (3aR,5S,6aS)-5-((R)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-dihydro-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxole-6,6-diol 10578-85-5 C12H20O7
    (3aR,5S,6aS)-5-((R)-2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxolan-4-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-dihydro-furo[2,3-d][1,3]dioxole-6,6-diol
    —— (2R,3R)-2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid 1655-65-8 C10H11N3O7
    (2R,3R)-2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
    —— 2-Pyridinepropanoic acid, beta-[[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]-, (betaS)- 501015-39-0 C23H20N2O4
    2-Pyridinepropanoic acid, beta-[[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]-, (betaS)-
    —— (2R)-2-azaniumyl-2-thiophen-3-ylacetate 1194-86-1 C6H7NO2S
    (2R)-2-azaniumyl-2-thiophen-3-ylacetate
    —— D-Valyl-L-glutamic acid 3062-07-5 C10H18N2O5
    D-Valyl-L-glutamic acid
    —— [(3S,5R,8S,9R,10S,13R,14S,16S,17R)-14-hydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-yl] acetate 465-16-7 C32H48O9
    [(3S,5R,8S,9R,10S,13R,14S,16S,17R)-14-hydroxy-3-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-10,13-dimethyl-17-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-yl] acetate
    —— Undecyl2-acetamido-2-deoxy-B-D-glucopyranoside 152914-68-6 C19H37NO6
    Undecyl2-acetamido-2-deoxy-B-D-glucopyranoside
    —— 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-D-maltopyranoside 177966-52-8 C20H25BrClNO11
    5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl a-D-maltopyranoside
    —— O-(6-Chlorobenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate 330645-87-9 C11H15ClF6N5OP
    O-(6-Chlorobenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
    —— (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-Amino-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid; hydrochloride 947601-81-2 C8H11NO2*ClH
    (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-Amino-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid; hydrochloride
    —— Disodium D-mannose 6-phosphate 33068-18-7 C6H11Na2O9P
    Disodium D-mannose 6-phosphate
    —— L-Tyrosine disodium salt 69847-45-6 C9H9NNa2O3
    L-Tyrosine disodium salt