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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— H-His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-D-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2 141758-74-9 C184H282N50O60S
    H-His-Gly-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Leu-Ser-D-Lys-Gln-Met-Glu-Glu-Glu-Ala-Val-Arg-Leu-Phe-Ile-Glu-Trp-Leu-Lys-Asn-Gly-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ser-Gly-Ala-Pro-Pro-Pro-Ser-NH2
    —— N-Triphenylmethyl (3S)-3-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylamino)-4-hydroxybutyramide 198543-08-7 C38H34N2O4
    N-Triphenylmethyl (3S)-3-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylamino)-4-hydroxybutyramide
    —— Epicatechin-(4beta->8 103883-03-0 C30H24O12
    Epicatechin-(4beta->8
    —— 2-Oxidoacetate;platinum(2+) 95734-82-0 C2H2O3Pt
    2-Oxidoacetate;platinum(2+)
    —— (7S)-4a,5,7-trihydroxy-7-methyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl D-glucopyranoside 6926-08-5 C15H24O10
    (7S)-4a,5,7-trihydroxy-7-methyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl D-glucopyranoside
    —— 3761-53-3 C18H14N2Na2O7S2-
    —— (R)-3-cyclopentyl-N-((S)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-1-(4-((2,4,5-trifluorobenzyl)amino) piperidin-1-yl)butan-2-yl)-2-((N-hydroxyformamido)methyl)propanamide 1091682-50-6 C28H41F3N4O4
    (R)-3-cyclopentyl-N-((S)-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxo-1-(4-((2,4,5-trifluorobenzyl)amino) piperidin-1-yl)butan-2-yl)-2-((N-hydroxyformamido)methyl)propanamide
    —— Lappaconitin 32854-75-4 C32H44N2O8
    Lappaconitin
    —— lappaconitine 32854-75-4 C32H44N2O8
    lappaconitine
    —— 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester 140360-29-8 C59H96O27
    3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester
    —— (S)-β-neopentyl glycine 367278-48-6 C7H15NO2
    (S)-β-neopentyl glycine
    —— 4-oxo-L-proline ; hydrobromide 75776-67-9 BrH*C5H7NO3
    4-oxo-L-proline ; hydrobromide
    —— 6-O-methylbaicalein 7-O-glucopyranuronide 36948-76-2 C22H20O11
    6-O-methylbaicalein 7-O-glucopyranuronide
    —— 17α-Allyl-17β-hydroxyoestra-4,9,11-trien-3-on 850-52-2 C21H26O2
    17α-Allyl-17β-hydroxyoestra-4,9,11-trien-3-on
    —— 3-Oxo-17β-hydroxy-17α-allylestra-4,9,11-trien 850-52-2 C21H26O2
    3-Oxo-17β-hydroxy-17α-allylestra-4,9,11-trien
    —— 3,7,12,16-Tetramethyl-1<i>t</i>-((1Ξ:4Ξ)-4-palmitoyloxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexen-(5)-yl)-18<i>t</i>-((Ξ)-4-palmitoyloxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexen-(6)-yl)-octadecanonaen-(1,3<i>t</i>,5<i>t</i>,7<i>t</i>,9<i>t</i>,11<i>t</i>,13<i>t</i>,15<i>t</i>,17) 547-17-1 C72H116O4
    3,7,12,16-Tetramethyl-1<i>t</i>-((1Ξ:4Ξ)-4-palmitoyloxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexen-(5)-yl)-18<i>t</i>-((Ξ)-4-palmitoyloxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexen-(6)-yl)-octadecanonaen-(1,3<i>t</i>,5<i>t</i>,7<i>t</i>,9<i>t</i>,11<i>t</i>,13<i>t</i>,15<i>t</i>,17)
    —— benzyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside 183953-29-9 C34H34O6
    benzyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-hydroxypropionic acid methyl ester 95715-85-8 C9H17NO5
    2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-hydroxypropionic acid methyl ester
    —— N-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)-D-serine methyl ester 312-84-5 C6H8F3NO4
    N-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyl)-D-serine methyl ester
    —— Boc-(L)-Thr-OH 2592-18-9 C9H17NO5
    Boc-(L)-Thr-OH
    —— (2S)-3-[4-(methyloxy)phenyl]-2-(methyl{[(phenylmethyl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)propanoic acid 118171-80-5 C19H21NO5
    (2S)-3-[4-(methyloxy)phenyl]-2-(methyl{[(phenylmethyl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)propanoic acid
    —— uridine 3'-monophosphate 35170-03-7 C9H11N2O9P
    uridine 3'-monophosphate
    —— Uridin 58-96-8 C9H12N2O6
    Uridin
    —— L156602 125228-51-5 C38H64N8O13
    L156602
    —— gentiopicroside 20831-76-9 C16H20O9
    gentiopicroside
    —— Ammonaps 1716-12-7 C10H11O2*Na
    Ammonaps
    —— 1-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 20559-16-4 C22H46NO7P
    1-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
    —— 1,2-ditetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine 18194-24-6 C36H76NO6P
    1,2-ditetradecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine
    —— 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 18194-24-6 C36H72NO8P
    1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
    —— N-(4,6-bis-n-propylamino-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-O,N-dimethyl-hydroxylamine 1380341-99-0 C11H22N6O
    N-(4,6-bis-n-propylamino-[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-O,N-dimethyl-hydroxylamine
    —— (4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylsulfonylacetate 1158363-70-2 C9H9NO6S
    (4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylsulfonylacetate
    —— cis-crocetin di(β-D-gentiobiosyl) ester 42553-65-1 C44H64O24
    cis-crocetin di(β-D-gentiobiosyl) ester
    —— bis-gentiobiosyl-crocetin 42553-65-1 C44H64O24
    bis-gentiobiosyl-crocetin
    —— Diosgenin 470-05-3 C27H42O3
    Diosgenin
    —— [4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio] acetic acid 50892-23-4 C14H13ClN2O2S
    [4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio] acetic acid
    —— 2-[4-chloro-6-(2,3-dimethylanilino)pyrimidin-2-yl]acetic acid 50892-23-4 C14H14ClN3O2
    2-[4-chloro-6-(2,3-dimethylanilino)pyrimidin-2-yl]acetic acid
    —— (4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinyl)thioacetic acid 50892-23-4 C14H14ClN3OS
    (4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinyl)thioacetic acid
    —— O-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-tyrosine 21106-04-7 C17H17NO5
    O-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-tyrosine
    —— gestodene 60282-87-3 C21H26O2
    gestodene
    —— 7,4’-dihydroxyisoflavone 7-glucoside 552-66-9 C21H20O9
    7,4’-dihydroxyisoflavone 7-glucoside
    —— 2α-hydroxy-ursolic acid 4547-24-4 C30H48O4
    2α-hydroxy-ursolic acid
    —— 2α-hydroxyursolic acid 4547-24-4 C30H48O4
    2α-hydroxyursolic acid
    —— corosolic acid 52213-27-1 C30H48O4
    corosolic acid
    —— 2α,3β-Dihydroxyursolsaeure 4547-24-4 C30H48O4
    2α,3β-Dihydroxyursolsaeure
    —— 2α,3α-dihydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid 4547-24-4 C30H48O4
    2α,3α-dihydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid
    —— (E)-2-(6-((E)-2-carboxyvinyl)-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid 1065559-56-9 C18H14O8
    (E)-2-(6-((E)-2-carboxyvinyl)-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylic acid
    —— Retapamulin 224452-66-8 C30H47NO4S
    Retapamulin
    —— 1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-altrofuranose 582-52-5 C12H20O6
    1,2:5,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-altrofuranose
    —— 1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-altrofuranose 582-51-4 C9H16O6
    1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-altrofuranose
    —— 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-altropyranose 4064-06-6 C12H20O6
    1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-altropyranose