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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— tetranitro blue tetrazolium chloride 1184-43-6 C40H28N12O10*2Cl
    tetranitro blue tetrazolium chloride
    —— n-nonyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside 98854-15-0 C15H30O5S
    n-nonyl-β-D-thioglucopyranoside
    —— (+/-)-3-tert-butyl-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine 1313498-08-6 C18H20FN5O
    (+/-)-3-tert-butyl-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine
    —— N-<4-Nitro-benzoyl>-DL-glutaminsaeure-diaethylester 7148-24-5 C16H20N2O7
    N-<4-Nitro-benzoyl>-DL-glutaminsaeure-diaethylester
    —— cysteamine S-phosphate sodium salt 3724-89-8 C2H7NO3PS*Na
    cysteamine S-phosphate sodium salt
    —— D-leucinamide hydrochloride 80970-09-8 C6H14N2O*ClH
    D-leucinamide hydrochloride
    —— (2S,4R)-4-benzyl-1-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic Acid 153074-95-4 C17H23NO4
    (2S,4R)-4-benzyl-1-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic Acid
    —— DL-isoleucine hydrochloride 3054-37-3 C6H14NO2*Cl
    DL-isoleucine hydrochloride
    —— sodium 5-(3-chlorophenylamino)benzo[c][2,6]naphthyridine-8-carboxylate 1309357-15-0 C19H11ClN3O2*Na
    sodium 5-(3-chlorophenylamino)benzo[c][2,6]naphthyridine-8-carboxylate
    —— trans-1-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-[4-(5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yloxy)cyclohexyl]urea 1394011-91-6 C20H18ClF6N3O2
    trans-1-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-[4-(5-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yloxy)cyclohexyl]urea
    —— methyl 2-[(E)-[1-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino]oxyacetate 246035-38-1 C15H12N4O4S3
    methyl 2-[(E)-[1-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-2-oxoethylidene]amino]oxyacetate
    —— glycoβ-muricholic acid 66225-78-3 C26H43NO6
    glycoβ-muricholic acid
    —— decyl-thioglucopyranoside 98854-16-1 C16H32O5S
    decyl-thioglucopyranoside
    —— (5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-α-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonic acid)-(2-3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-α,β-D-glucopyranose 64003-53-8 C37H61N2O29
    (5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-α-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonic acid)-(2-3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-4)-α,β-D-glucopyranose
    —— (R)-α-benzylproline 86116-84-9 C12H15NO2
    (R)-α-benzylproline
    —— [3-(1-Benzyl-3-carbamoylmethyl-2-ethyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-propyl]-phosphonic acid 164083-84-5 C22H27N2O5P
    [3-(1-Benzyl-3-carbamoylmethyl-2-ethyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-propyl]-phosphonic acid
    —— Asp-Tyr-OH 22840-03-5 C13H16N2O6
    Asp-Tyr-OH
    —— <i>N</i>-Ξ-valyl-L-tyrosine 3061-91-4 C14H20N2O4
    <i>N</i>-Ξ-valyl-L-tyrosine
    —— <i>N</i>-D-prolyl-L-tyrosine 19786-36-8 C14H18N2O4
    <i>N</i>-D-prolyl-L-tyrosine
    —— <i>N</i>-L-prolyl-L-alanine 6422-36-2 C8H14N2O3
    <i>N</i>-L-prolyl-L-alanine
    —— methyl N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucylglicynate 5084-98-0 C17H24N2O5
    methyl N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucylglicynate
    —— (S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)propanoic acid 1360651-24-6 C20H19N3O4
    (S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-(3-methyl-3H-diazirin-3-yl)propanoic acid
    —— Fmoc-NH-Glu-ODmab 172611-75-5 C40H44N2O8
    Fmoc-NH-Glu-ODmab
    —— <i>N</i>-leucyl-aspartic acid 32949-40-9 C10H18N2O5
    <i>N</i>-leucyl-aspartic acid
    —— Notopterol 88206-46-6 C21H22O5
    Notopterol
    —— N-(5-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(2’-fluoro-3-methyl-2,4’-bipyridin-5-yl)acetamide 1243245-18-2 C24H25FN6O2
    N-(5-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-2-(2’-fluoro-3-methyl-2,4’-bipyridin-5-yl)acetamide
    —— EPZ 011989 1598383-40-4 C35H51N5O4
    EPZ 011989
    —— 1-(benzo[b]thiophen-7-yl)piperazine hydrochloride 105684-41-1 C12H14N2S*ClH
    1-(benzo[b]thiophen-7-yl)piperazine hydrochloride
    —— methyl 6-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside 14133-63-2 C10H18O5
    methyl 6-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucopyranoside
    —— PF-04928473 908112-43-6 C23H27F3N4O3
    PF-04928473
    —— growth hormone secretagogue peptide 87616-84-0 C46H56N12O6
    growth hormone secretagogue peptide
    —— (2S)-2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(thiophen-3-yl)propanoic acid 83825-42-7 C12H17NO4S
    (2S)-2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(thiophen-3-yl)propanoic acid
    —— O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-O-<α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)>-D-glucopyranose 3256-10-8 C18H32O16
    O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-O-<α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)>-D-glucopyranose
    —— 3,6-Bis-<β-D-glucosido(1.5)>-D-glucose(1.5) 3256-10-8 C18H32O16
    3,6-Bis-<β-D-glucosido(1.5)>-D-glucose(1.5)
    —— O-β-Dglucopyranosyl-(1-3)-O-<β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)>-α-D-glucopyranose 3256-10-8 C18H32O16
    O-β-Dglucopyranosyl-(1-3)-O-<β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)>-α-D-glucopyranose
    —— robenidine 25875-51-8 C15H13Cl2N5
    robenidine
    —— 5-(iodoacetamido)fluorescein 63368-54-7 C22H14INO6
    5-(iodoacetamido)fluorescein
    —— WEHI-345 (analog) 1354825-62-9 C23H25N7O
    WEHI-345 (analog)
    —— Phalloidin 17466-45-4 C35H48N8O11S
    Phalloidin
    —— protostemonine 27495-40-5 C23H31NO6
    protostemonine
    —— 3-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)amino-2-(RS)-aminopropionic acid methyl ester 77087-60-6 C9H18N2O4
    3-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)amino-2-(RS)-aminopropionic acid methyl ester
    —— ETHYL RED 76058-33-8 C17H19N3O2
    ETHYL RED
    —— phenylene-3,5-diaminobenzoic acid dihydrochloride 618-56-4 C7H8N2O2*2ClH
    phenylene-3,5-diaminobenzoic acid dihydrochloride
    —— procyanidin A2 41743-41-3 C30H24O12
    procyanidin A2
    —— N-Boc-4-aminophenylalanine 55533-24-9 C14H20N2O4
    N-Boc-4-aminophenylalanine
    —— 5-ethoxy-5-oxo-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)pentanoic acid 35726-62-6 C15H19NO6
    5-ethoxy-5-oxo-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)pentanoic acid
    —— 2-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylamino)benzoic acid 120467-46-1 C23H19NO4
    2-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonylamino)benzoic acid
    —— Fmoc-3-amino-4-methylbenzoic acid 1072901-59-7 C23H19NO4
    Fmoc-3-amino-4-methylbenzoic acid
    —— 5-bromo-N-(2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide 439144-66-8 C15H8BrF6NO2
    5-bromo-N-(2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide
    —— L-Glutamyl-L-cystein 636-58-8 C8H14N2O5S
    L-Glutamyl-L-cystein