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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3R,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(methylthio)oxane-3,4,5-triol 155-30-6 C7H14O5S
    (3R,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(methylthio)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Calcium D-Arabonate 22373-09-7 C10H18CaO12
    Calcium D-Arabonate
    —— 1-Naphthylglucoside 19939-82-3 C16H18O6
    1-Naphthylglucoside
    —— N-acetyl-3-fluoro-L-phenylalanine 17607-28-2 C11H12FNO3
    N-acetyl-3-fluoro-L-phenylalanine
    —— Galactose 1-phosphate Potassium salt 19046-60-7 C6H11K2O9P
    Galactose 1-phosphate Potassium salt
    —— Einecs 239-224-0 15170-74-8 C10H20CuN2O4S2
    Einecs 239-224-0
    —— N-Acetylalaninamide 15962-47-7 C5H10N2O2
    N-Acetylalaninamide
    —— Barium (2R,3R,4R)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxopentyl phosphate 15673-79-7 C5H9BaO8P
    Barium (2R,3R,4R)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxopentyl phosphate
    —— 5-Diethylamino-2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)phenol 14337-53-2 C15H17BrN4O
    5-Diethylamino-2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)phenol
    —— 1-Deoxy-1-nitrohexitol 14199-83-8 C6H13NO7
    1-Deoxy-1-nitrohexitol
    —— 4'-Nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside 10357-27-4 C12H15NO8
    4'-Nitrophenyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside
    —— Einecs 223-801-9 4079-10-1 C27H28N2O9S
    Einecs 223-801-9
    —— Lucigenin 2315-97-1 C28H22N4O6
    Lucigenin
    —— Sulbutiamine 3286-46-2 C32H46N8O6S2
    Sulbutiamine
    —— Cyclohexanol, 4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-methoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-, trans- 193551-21-2 C20H21FN4O2
    Cyclohexanol, 4-(4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(2-methoxy-4-pyrimidinyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-, trans-
    —— N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide 1649486-65-6 C16H14ClNO2
    N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4-chlorocinnamanilide
    —— Einecs 239-248-1 15191-21-6 C7H9N3O3
    Einecs 239-248-1
    —— Acid Orange 74 10127-27-2 C16H11CrN5O8S*Na
    Acid Orange 74
    —— Nalpha-benzoyl-L-argininamide HCl 4299-03-0 C13H20ClN5O2
    Nalpha-benzoyl-L-argininamide HCl
    —— 1,9-Heptadecadiene-4,6-diyn-3-ol, (3R,9Z)- 21852-80-2 C17H24O
    1,9-Heptadecadiene-4,6-diyn-3-ol, (3R,9Z)-
    —— (1S,4S,10S,21R)-7-Ethylidene-4,21-di(propan-2-yl)-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23-tetrazabicyclo[8.7.6]tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,19,22-pentone 128517-07-7 C24H36N4O6S2
    (1S,4S,10S,21R)-7-Ethylidene-4,21-di(propan-2-yl)-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23-tetrazabicyclo[8.7.6]tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,19,22-pentone
    —— Methylthymol Blue sodium salt 1945-77-3 C37H40N2Na4O13S
    Methylthymol Blue sodium salt
    —— (2S)-2-amino-4-[(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)disulfanyl]butanoic acid 626-72-2 C8H16N2O4S2
    (2S)-2-amino-4-[(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)disulfanyl]butanoic acid
    —— Artemotil 75887-54-6 C17H28O5
    Artemotil
    —— Chebulagic acid 23094-71-5 C41H30O27
    Chebulagic acid
    —— Azanide;2-hydroxyacetic acid;platinum(2+) 95734-82-0 C2H8N2O3Pt
    Azanide;2-hydroxyacetic acid;platinum(2+)
    —— octreoscan 138661-02-6 C63H87N13O19S2
    octreoscan
    —— (2S)-2-[[(3aS,7aS)-1-[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(4R)-1-[1-[2-[[(2R)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-thiophen-2-yl-propan 130308-48-4 C59H89N19O13S
    (2S)-2-[[(3aS,7aS)-1-[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(4R)-1-[1-[2-[[(2R)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-thiophen-2-yl-propan
    —— cis-2-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-cyclohexancarbonsaeure 57808-63-6 C13H16O3
    cis-2-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-cyclohexancarbonsaeure
    —— 1-({(4r,7s,13s,16r)-7-(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)-13-[(2s)-butan-2-yl]-16-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-10-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-4-yl}carbonyl)-l-prolyl-l-ornithylglycinamide 90779-69-4 C43H67N11O12S2
    1-({(4r,7s,13s,16r)-7-(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)-13-[(2s)-butan-2-yl]-16-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-10-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-4-yl}carbonyl)-l-prolyl-l-ornithylglycinamide
    —— 1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, disodium salt 518-51-4 C20H12Na2O4
    1(3H)-Isobenzofuranone, 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, disodium salt
    —— 2',3'-O-(1-Methylethylidene)adenosine 362-75-4 C13H17N5O4
    2',3'-O-(1-Methylethylidene)adenosine
    —— Benzoic acid, 2-[[[(2-hydroxy-5-sulfophenyl)azo]phenylmethylene]hydrazino]- 62625-22-3 C20H16N4O6S
    Benzoic acid, 2-[[[(2-hydroxy-5-sulfophenyl)azo]phenylmethylene]hydrazino]-
    —— Histamine Phosphate 51-74-1 C5H15N3O8P2
    Histamine Phosphate
    —— Surfactin peptide 24730-31-2 C53H93N7O13
    Surfactin peptide
    —— Xanthylium, 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-, perchlorate 13161-28-9 C28H31ClN2O7
    Xanthylium, 9-[2-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-3,6-bis(ethylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-, perchlorate
    —— Ccris 6292 60857-08-1 C22H30O6
    Ccris 6292
    —— Cisatracurium Besylate 96946-42-8 C65H82N2O18S2
    Cisatracurium Besylate
    —— Neurokinin beta 86933-75-7 C55H79N13O14S2
    Neurokinin beta
    —— 20(R)-Protopanaxdiol-3-O-beta-D-glycopyranoside 112246-15-8 C36H62O8
    20(R)-Protopanaxdiol-3-O-beta-D-glycopyranoside
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(10R,12S,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 38243-03-7 C42H72O13
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[[(10R,12S,13R,14R,17S)-12-hydroxy-17-[(2R)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,10,13,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 3-Acetylaconitine 77181-26-1 C36H49NO12
    3-Acetylaconitine
    —— 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one 51938-32-0 C26H28O14
    5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one
    —— Laurifolin 7224-61-5 C20H24NO4
    Laurifolin
    —— sucrose acetate isobutyrate 126-13-6 C40H62O19
    sucrose acetate isobutyrate
    —— (1R,5S,8S,13R,14R)-1-Hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione 17617-45-7 C15H16O6
    (1R,5S,8S,13R,14R)-1-Hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
    —— Dipotassium 2-aminobutanedioate 14434-35-6 C4H5K2NO4
    Dipotassium 2-aminobutanedioate
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Calcium glutamate 19238-49-4 C5H7CaNO4
    Calcium glutamate
    —— (1S,3R,5R,6S,8R,10R,11S,13R,15R,16S,18R,20R,21S,23R,25R,26S,28R,30R,31S,33R,35R,36R,37R,38R,39R,40R,41R,42R,43R,45R,46R,47R,48R,49R)-5,10,15,20,25,30,35-heptakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontane-36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-tetradecol 7585-39-9 (C6H10O5)7
    (1S,3R,5R,6S,8R,10R,11S,13R,15R,16S,18R,20R,21S,23R,25R,26S,28R,30R,31S,33R,35R,36R,37R,38R,39R,40R,41R,42R,43R,45R,46R,47R,48R,49R)-5,10,15,20,25,30,35-heptakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontane-36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-tetradecol