生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。
生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。
该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。
目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。
随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | (2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-[(1S,2R,3R,4R,5'S,6S,7S,8S,9R,12R,13R,15S,16S,18R)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 11024-24-1 | C56H92O29 |
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—— | cyclo[DL-Abu-Sar-N(Me)Leu-Val-N(Me)Leu-Ala-D-Ala-N(Me)Leu-N(Me)Leu-N(Me)Val-N(Me)Bmt(E)] | 59865-13-3 | C62H111N11O12 |
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—— | 3-chloro-L-tyrosine ; hydrochloride | 35608-63-0 | C9H10ClNO3*ClH |
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—— | (1S,4Z,9R)-4-(1H-imidazol-5-ylmethylidene)-9-(2-methylbut-3-en-2-yl)-2,5,16-triazatetracyclo[7.7.0.02,7.010,15]hexadeca-10,12,14-triene-3,6-dione | 58735-64-1 | C22H23N5O2 |
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—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | 13463-28-0 | C27H32O15 |
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—— | (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,8S,9S,12S,13R)-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-6,18-dien-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 102115-79-7 | C51H82O21 |
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—— | benzyl N-[(2R)-3-methyl-1-oxo-1-[[(2R)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]carbamate | 88191-84-8 | C22H26N2O4 |
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—— | 1-[(Z)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]-2-[(E)-(4-chlorophenyl)methylideneamino]guanidine | 25875-51-8 | C15H13Cl2N5 |
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—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 21637-25-2 | C21H20O12 |
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—— | (S)-Boc-3-amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-butyric acid | 1310680-43-3 | C9H14F3NO4 |
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—— | (R)-Boc-3-amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-butyric acid | 1310680-29-5 | C9H14F3NO4 |
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—— | Asiaticoside | 16830-15-2 | C48H78O19 |
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—— | 3-O-(Glcb1-3Galb1-2-(Xylb1-3)-Glcb1-4Galb)-(25R)-5alpha-spirostan-2alpha,3beta,15beta-triol | 11024-24-1 | C56H92O29 |
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—— | GSK525768A | 1260530-25-3 | C22H22ClN5O2 |
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—— | Salicortin | 29836-41-7 | C20H24O10 |
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—— | Syk Inhibitor IV, BAY 61-3606 | 648903-57-5 | C20H19ClN6O3 |
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—— | [(1R,2S,3E,5R,7R,9E,11R,12S,16S)-16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,13,14-tetramethyl-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9,13-trien-2-yl] acetate | 22144-76-9 | C30H37NO6 |
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—— | [(3~{S},4~{S})-3-methoxyoxan-4-yl]-[(1~{R},3~{S})-3-propan-2-yl-3-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)-7,8-dihydro-5~{H}-1,6-naphthyridin-6-yl]carbonyl]cyclopentyl]azanium | 624733-88-6 | C24H35F3N3O3+ |
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—— | GlcNAc beta(1-3)GalNAc-alpha-pNP | 125455-64-3 | C22H31N3O13 |
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—— | 4-tert-butyl hydrogen N-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-L-aspartate, compound with dicyclohexylamine (1:1) | 23632-70-4 | C12H23N*C16H21NO6 |
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—— | [(1S,2R,4R,5R)-9-methyl-3-oxa-9-azatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonan-7-yl] (2S)-3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate;hydrochloride | 55-16-3 | C17H22ClNO4 |
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—— | sodium;N-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-1-oxohexan-2-yl)sulfamate | 38899-05-7 | C6H12NNaO8S |
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—— | 2-({[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}amino)-2-methyldec-9-enoic acid | 288617-75-4 | C26H31NO4 |
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—— | Dicyclohexylazanium;2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]pent-4-enoate | 143979-15-1 | C10H17NO4*C12H23N |
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—— | (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl) 2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-5-oxo-5-(tritylamino)pentanoate | 132388-65-9 | C45H33F5N2O5 |
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—— | DL-t-Boc-Asnol | 30044-67-8 | C9H18N2O4 |
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—— | Sodium naphthalen-2-yl hexopyranosiduronate | 20838-64-6 | C16H15NaO7 |
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—— | 6-Bromo-4-chloroquinazolin-2-amine | 1260862-26-7 | C8H5BrClN3 |
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—— | 2-Amino-2-methylhept-6-enoic acid | 1196090-89-7 | C8H15NO2 |
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—— | 1-Tert-butyl 5-methyl 2-aminopentanedioate hydrochloride | 23736-76-7 | C10H19NO4*ClH |
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—— | 6-Chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-cellobioside | 425427-87-8 | C20H26ClNO11 |
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—— | Heparitin sulfate | 9050-30-0 | C14H25NO21S3 |
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—— | Sialyllacto-N-tetraose a | 64003-53-8 | C37H62N2O29 |
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—— | trans-3-Hydroxycotinine glucuronide | 132929-88-5 | C16H20N2O8 |
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—— | Cysteineglutathione disulfide | 13081-14-6 | C13H22N4O8S2 |
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—— | (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methoxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxyoxane-3,4-diol | 39300-87-3 | C14H26O11 |
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—— | Glc4Me(a1-4)a-Glc1Me | 9005-82-7 | C14H26O11 |
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—— | 4-amino-4-[(1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1S)-1-[({[(1S)-1-{[(2R)-5-carbamimidamido-1-[(2R)-2-[(carbamoylmethyl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl)carbamoyl]butanoic acid | 71447-49-9 | C55H77N17O14 |
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—— | (2R)-2-(2-aminoacetamido)-N-[(1S)-1-{[(1R)-1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1R)-1-[({[(1S)-1-[(1-{[(1R)-1-carbamoyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)propyl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl)carbamoyl]-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-methylpropyl]carbamoyl}ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]butanediamide | 81608-30-2 | C50H73N17O11S |
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—— | [(3R,4R,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] dihydrogen phosphate | 130-49-4 | C10H14N5O7P |
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—— | Prodynorphin 228-240 | 85006-82-2 | C74H115N21O17 |
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—— | [(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2S)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16Z,18S,19S,21R,23S,24E,26Z,28E,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate | 162635-04-3 | C56H87NO16 |
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—— | P-P-Ura-LRibf.2Na+ | 27821-45-0 | C9H12N2Na2O12P2 |
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—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | 13463-28-0 | C27H32O15 |
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—— | 8-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 64820-99-1 | C27H30O14 |
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—— | benzyl N-[(3R)-1-amino-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate | 49705-98-8 | C12H16N2O4 |
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—— | (6R)-2-[(2S)-4-[(1R,2S,4S,7S,8S,9S,12S,13S,18R)-16-[(3R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 136656-07-0 | C45H76O19 |
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—— | (1R,12S,13R,14S,17S,18E,21R,23S,24R,25S,27R)-12-[(E)-1-[(1R,3R,4S)-4-chloro-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-17-ethyl-1,14-dihydroxy-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone | 137071-32-0 | C43H68ClNO11 |
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—— | H-D-Arg-Pro-D-Asp-Phe-D-Cys(1)-D-Leu-Glu-D-Pro-Pro-D-Tyr-D-Thr-Gly-Pro-D-Cys(2)-Lys-D-Ala-Arg-Ile-D-Ile-D-Arg-D-Tyr-Phe-D-Tyr-Asn-D-Ala-Lys-D-Ala-Gly-D-Leu-D-Cys(3)-Gln-Thr-Phe-D-Val-Tyr-Gly-Gly-D-Cys(2)-Arg-D-Ala-Lys-Arg-D-Asn-Asn-D-Phe-Lys-D-Ser-Ala-D-Glu-Asp-D-Cys(3)-Met-D-Arg-Thr-Cys(1)-Gly-Gly-D-Ala-OH | 9087-70-1 | C284H432N84O79S7 |
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—— | GSK-3117391 | 1018673-42-1 | C22H33N3O4 |
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