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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— cis-Kawain 500-64-1 C14H14O3
    cis-Kawain
    —— kawain 3155-48-4 C14H14O3
    kawain
    —— 1,1-dimethylethyl N6-{[(1,1-dimethylethyl)oxy]carbonyl}-L-lysinate hydrochloride 13288-57-8 C15H30N2O4*ClH
    1,1-dimethylethyl N6-{[(1,1-dimethylethyl)oxy]carbonyl}-L-lysinate hydrochloride
    —— (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol;[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate;[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-tri(propanoyloxy)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-tri(propanoyloxy)-6-(propanoyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl propanoate 9004-39-1 C76H114O49
    (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol;[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate;[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-tri(propanoyloxy)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-tri(propanoyloxy)-6-(propanoyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl propanoate
    —— ginsenoside Re 52286-59-6 C48H82O18
    ginsenoside Re
    —— Melezitose monohydrate 10030-67-8 C18H34O17
    Melezitose monohydrate
    —— ginsenoside-Re 52286-59-6 C48H82O18
    ginsenoside-Re
    —— Ginsenoside Re 52286-59-6 C48H82O18
    Ginsenoside Re
    —— N-CBZ-Glycyl-glycyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride 102601-58-1 C28H34ClN7O7
    N-CBZ-Glycyl-glycyl-L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrochloride
    —— 7-methoxy-1-methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole;hydrate;hydrochloride 6027-98-1 C13H17ClN2O2
    7-methoxy-1-methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole;hydrate;hydrochloride
    —— AMG176 1883727-34-1 C33H41ClN2O5S
    AMG176
    —— 1-[(1S,5R)-10,10-dimethyl-3,3-dioxido-3-thia-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>1.5</sup>]dec-4-yl]-ethanone 141993-16-0 C12H19NO3S
    1-[(1S,5R)-10,10-dimethyl-3,3-dioxido-3-thia-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0<sup>1.5</sup>]dec-4-yl]-ethanone
    —— p-Methoxyphenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside 138906-43-1 C28H25NO8
    p-Methoxyphenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— 5-cholesten-3β-ol 3-(3-carboxypropanoate) 1510-21-0 C31H50O4
    5-cholesten-3β-ol 3-(3-carboxypropanoate)
    —— p-Methoxyphenyl 3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside 129575-88-8 C35H31NO8
    p-Methoxyphenyl 3-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— N-formyl-α-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester 33605-76-4 C15H18N2O6
    N-formyl-α-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester
    —— cholest-5-en-3α-ol 57-88-5 C27H46O
    cholest-5-en-3α-ol
    —— cholesterol 57-88-5 C27H46O
    cholesterol
    —— cholest-5-en-3β-ol 57-88-5 C27H46O
    cholest-5-en-3β-ol
    —— N-(3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-6-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-yloxy)phenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride 1206801-37-7 C30H22F2N6O3*ClH
    N-(3-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-6-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-indazol-5-yloxy)phenyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide hydrochloride
    —— TAK-593 1005780-62-0 C23H23N7O3
    TAK-593
    —— N-benzoyl-D-glucosamine 61949-16-4 C13H17NO6
    N-benzoyl-D-glucosamine
    —— N-benzoylglucosamine 655-42-5 C13H17NO6
    N-benzoylglucosamine
    —— D-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride 66-84-2 C6H13NO5*ClH
    D-(+)-glucosamine hydrochloride
    —— Z-DL-Phe(2Br) 123098-44-2 C17H16BrNO4
    Z-DL-Phe(2Br)
    —— 8-epiloganin 18524-94-2 C17H26O10
    8-epiloganin
    —— (R)-methyl 6-amino-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)hexanoate 55757-60-3 C12H24N2O4
    (R)-methyl 6-amino-2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)hexanoate
    —— Marrubiin 465-92-9 C20H28O4
    Marrubiin
    —— isomarrubilin 465-92-9 C20H28O4
    isomarrubilin
    —— Marubiin 465-92-9 C20H28O4
    Marubiin
    —— encequidar 849675-66-7 C38H36N6O7
    encequidar
    —— 3-mercaptobutyric acid 26473-49-4 C4H8O2S
    3-mercaptobutyric acid
    —— 3-pentadecylidenepentane-2,4-dione 1314006-43-3 C20H36O2
    3-pentadecylidenepentane-2,4-dione
    —— bestatin 58970-76-6 C16H24N2O4
    bestatin
    —— chloromethyl (8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17S)-17-((ethoxycarbonyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17-carboxylate 82034-46-6 C24H31ClO7
    chloromethyl (8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S,17S)-17-((ethoxycarbonyl)oxy)-11-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-3H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17-carboxylate
    —— somatostatin acetate 54472-66-1 C2H4O2*C76H104N18O19S2
    somatostatin acetate
    —— [[2-(6-bromo-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)indol-3-yl]amino] acetate 667463-85-6 C18H12BrN3O3
    [[2-(6-bromo-2-oxo-1H-indol-3-ylidene)indol-3-yl]amino] acetate
    —— N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-norvaline 53308-95-5 C10H19NO4
    N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-L-norvaline
    —— N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-valine-N-carboxyanhydride 141468-55-5 C11H17NO5
    N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-valine-N-carboxyanhydride
    —— 3-[4-[(2R)-2-aminopropoxy]phenyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-amine 1505514-27-1 C23H24FN5O
    3-[4-[(2R)-2-aminopropoxy]phenyl]-N-[(1R)-1-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl]imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-6-amine
    —— β-pyrazinyl-L-alanine 87831-85-4 C7H9N3O2
    β-pyrazinyl-L-alanine
    —— [6]-shogaol 23513-13-5 C17H24O3
    [6]-shogaol
    —— [8]-shogaol 36700-45-5 C19H28O3
    [8]-shogaol
    —— 10-shogaol 36752-54-2 C21H32O3
    10-shogaol
    —— Androstenolon-sulfat 651-48-9 C19H28O5S
    Androstenolon-sulfat
    —— 6-Amino-2-(2,6-diaminohexanoylamino)hexanoic acid;dihydrochloride 52123-30-5 C12H28Cl2N4O3
    6-Amino-2-(2,6-diaminohexanoylamino)hexanoic acid;dihydrochloride
    —— raffinose 512-69-6 C18H32O16
    raffinose
    —— 17-HETE 128914-47-6 C20H32O3
    17-HETE
    —— 18-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid 133268-58-3 C20H32O3
    18-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
    —— 16-HETE 128914-46-5 C20H32O3
    16-HETE