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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— 3-Acetylaconitine 77181-26-1 C36H49NO12
    3-Acetylaconitine
    —— 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one 51938-32-0 C26H28O14
    5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-8-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one
    —— Laurifolin 7224-61-5 C20H24NO4
    Laurifolin
    —— sucrose acetate isobutyrate 126-13-6 C40H62O19
    sucrose acetate isobutyrate
    —— (1R,5S,8S,13R,14R)-1-Hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione 17617-45-7 C15H16O6
    (1R,5S,8S,13R,14R)-1-Hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
    —— Dipotassium 2-aminobutanedioate 14434-35-6 C4H5K2NO4
    Dipotassium 2-aminobutanedioate
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— Calcium glutamate 19238-49-4 C5H7CaNO4
    Calcium glutamate
    —— (1S,3R,5R,6S,8R,10R,11S,13R,15R,16S,18R,20R,21S,23R,25R,26S,28R,30R,31S,33R,35R,36R,37R,38R,39R,40R,41R,42R,43R,45R,46R,47R,48R,49R)-5,10,15,20,25,30,35-heptakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontane-36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-tetradecol 7585-39-9 (C6H10O5)7
    (1S,3R,5R,6S,8R,10R,11S,13R,15R,16S,18R,20R,21S,23R,25R,26S,28R,30R,31S,33R,35R,36R,37R,38R,39R,40R,41R,42R,43R,45R,46R,47R,48R,49R)-5,10,15,20,25,30,35-heptakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontane-36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-tetradecol
    —— Alanine, 3-phenyl-N-tryptophyl-, L- 6686-02-8 C20H21N3O3
    Alanine, 3-phenyl-N-tryptophyl-, L-
    —— Bucolan Red GRE 6408-31-7 C16H10ClCrN4Na2O9S2-3
    Bucolan Red GRE
    —— Tauroursodeoxycholic acid sodium salt 6009-98-9 C26H44NO6S*Na
    Tauroursodeoxycholic acid sodium salt
    —— 5-beta-BUFA-20,22-DIENOLIDE, 14,15-beta-EPOXY-3-beta,5,16-beta-TRIHYDROXY- 4099-30-3 C24H32O6
    5-beta-BUFA-20,22-DIENOLIDE, 14,15-beta-EPOXY-3-beta,5,16-beta-TRIHYDROXY-
    —— 4-Methyl-2-(4-nitroanilino)pentanamide 4178-93-2 C12H17N3O3
    4-Methyl-2-(4-nitroanilino)pentanamide
    —— N-[5-amino-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-1-[19-amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-13-benzyl-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 3397-23-7 C45H63N13O12S2
    N-[5-amino-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-1-[19-amino-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-10-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-13-benzyl-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
    —— N,N,N,2-Tetramethyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-4-((1-piperidinylcarbonyl)oxy)benzenaminium chloride 2438-53-1 C19H31ClN2O2
    N,N,N,2-Tetramethyl-5-(1-methylethyl)-4-((1-piperidinylcarbonyl)oxy)benzenaminium chloride
    —— tetrasodium;4-amino-6-[[4-[4-[(8-amino-1-hydroxy-5,7-disulfonatonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]-3-methoxyphenyl]-2-methoxyphenyl]diazenyl]-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate 2610-05-1 C34H24N6Na4O16S4
    tetrasodium;4-amino-6-[[4-[4-[(8-amino-1-hydroxy-5,7-disulfonatonaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]-3-methoxyphenyl]-2-methoxyphenyl]diazenyl]-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate
    —— Tripotassium nitrilotriacetate 2399-85-1 C6H6K3NO6
    Tripotassium nitrilotriacetate
    —— (2,4-Diaminophenyl)-(4-ethoxyphenyl)iminoazanium;chloride 2313-87-3 C14H17ClN4O
    (2,4-Diaminophenyl)-(4-ethoxyphenyl)iminoazanium;chloride
    —— crocein orange G 1934-20-9 C16H11N2O4S*Na
    crocein orange G
    —— 4-amino-1-[(2R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidin-2-one 838-07-3 C10H15N3O4
    4-amino-1-[(2R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-methylpyrimidin-2-one
    —— Methoxyammonium chloride 593-56-6 CH6ClNO
    Methoxyammonium chloride
    —— Glycine, sulfate (3:1) 513-29-1 C6H17N3O10S
    Glycine, sulfate (3:1)
    —— Trisodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydron 150-38-9 C10H13N2Na3O8
    Trisodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate;hydron
    —— Pseudohypericin 55954-61-5 C30H16O9
    Pseudohypericin
    —— Ac-YVAD-AMC 149231-65-2 C33H39N5O10
    Ac-YVAD-AMC
    —— H-DL-xiIle-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-xiIle-DL-Leu-NH2 72093-21-1 C70H131N19O15
    H-DL-xiIle-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-xiIle-DL-Leu-NH2
    —— Ac-DL-Asp-DL-Glu-DL-Val-DL-Asp-AMC 169332-61-0 C30H37N5O13
    Ac-DL-Asp-DL-Glu-DL-Val-DL-Asp-AMC
    —— 2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 24386-93-4 C11H13IN4O4
    2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
    —— Adenosine, 3-deaza- 6736-58-9 C11H14N4O4
    Adenosine, 3-deaza-
    —— L-alpha-Glutamine, N-(N-acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl- 59331-38-3 C19H32N4O11
    L-alpha-Glutamine, N-(N-acetylmuramoyl)-L-alanyl-
    —— 4-(2-(difluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-N-(2-methyl-1-(2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine 1401436-95-0 C31H38F2N8O
    4-(2-(difluoromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-N-(2-methyl-1-(2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine
    —— Clinopodiside A 142809-89-0 C48H78O19
    Clinopodiside A
    —— D-glucose 6-(sodium hydrogenphosphate) 84332-92-3 C6H12O9P*Na
    D-glucose 6-(sodium hydrogenphosphate)
    —— Telocinobufagin 472-26-4 C24H34O5
    Telocinobufagin
    —— Columbin 546-97-4 C20H22O6
    Columbin
    —— Homoorientin 4261-42-1 C21H20O11
    Homoorientin
    —— 3β,6α,20(S)-trihydroxy-dammar-24-ene-12-one 20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 343780-69-8 C36H60O9
    3β,6α,20(S)-trihydroxy-dammar-24-ene-12-one 20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
    —— Luteolin-4'-O-β-glucosid 6920-38-3 C21H20O11
    Luteolin-4'-O-β-glucosid
    —— 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-((2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-phenyl]-chromen-4-one 6920-38-3 C21H20O11
    5,7-Dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-((2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-phenyl]-chromen-4-one
    —— luteolin-4'-O-glucoside 6920-38-3 C21H20O11
    luteolin-4'-O-glucoside
    —— Desacetylcinobufagin 4026-95-3 C24H32O5
    Desacetylcinobufagin
    —— lubiprostone 136790-76-6 C20H32F2O5
    lubiprostone
    —— N-(2-aminopropanoyl)leucine 1638-60-4 C9H18N2O3
    N-(2-aminopropanoyl)leucine
    —— (2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]-N-[2-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-1-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-3-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2,3-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxamide 151928-32-4 C41H52N8O9
    (2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]-N-[2-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(1R,2S)-1-hydroxy-1-[4-hydroxy-3-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)phenyl]-3-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]-2,3-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxamide
    —— (2R,5R,9S,10R,11R,12S)-5,12-Dihydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.15,8.01,10.02,8]heptadecane-9-carboxylic acid 545-97-1 C19H24O6
    (2R,5R,9S,10R,11R,12S)-5,12-Dihydroxy-11-methyl-6-methylidene-16-oxo-15-oxapentacyclo[9.3.2.15,8.01,10.02,8]heptadecane-9-carboxylic acid
    —— glycyl-hydroxyproline 24587-32-4 C7H12N2O4
    glycyl-hydroxyproline
    —— (+)-sclareolide 564-20-5 C16H26O2
    (+)-sclareolide
    —— Pingbeimine C 128585-96-6 C27H43NO6
    Pingbeimine C
    —— CX691 211735-76-1 C12H13N3O2
    CX691