生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。
生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。
该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。
目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。
随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | Atractyloside (potassium salt) | 102130-43-8 | C30H44K2O16S2 |
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—— | (4R,6aR,6bS,8aR,14bS)-3-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-heptamethyl-14-oxo-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid | 17019-92-0 | C30H46O4 |
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—— | [(1S,5R,8R,13S)-8-acetyloxy-5,7-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 6900-87-4 | C33H45NO10 |
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—— | (8R,10R,14R)-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2R)-2,6,6-trimethyloxan-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,12-diol | 19666-76-3 | C30H52O3 |
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—— | 5-[(10S,13R,14R)-3,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pyran-2-one | 465-21-4 | C24H34O4 |
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—— | (2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[(6R)-11-hydroxy-2-[4-[(6R)-4-hydroxy-2-[1-hydroxy-3-[(6S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-methylpropanoic acid | 78111-17-8 | C44H68O13 |
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—— | (5S,10S,13R,14S)-3-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,14-dihydroxy-13-methyl-17-(6-oxopyran-3-yl)-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-10-carbaldehyde | 13289-18-4 | C36H52O15 |
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—— | [(1R,2S,8R,12S,16R)-14-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4,6,19-trimethoxy-16-methyl-9,11-dioxa-14-azaheptacyclo[10.7.2.12,5.01,13.03,8.08,12.016,20]docosan-21-yl] acetate | 6836-11-9 | C27H41NO8 |
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—— | (1S,5R,8R,13R)-11-ethyl-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,5,7,8,14-pentol | 509-20-6 | C25H41NO9 |
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—— | N-[(3S,6R,12R,15S,16S,19S,22S,25S)-25-[[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide | 120138-50-3 | C53H67N9O10S |
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—— | Methyl 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose | 9032-42-2 | C34H66O24 |
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—— | methyl 2-[(1R,2S,9R,10S,11R,15R)-6-(furan-3-yl)-7,9,11,15-tetramethyl-12,16-dioxo-3,17-dioxapentacyclo[9.6.1.02,9.04,8.015,18]octadeca-7,13-dien-10-yl]acetate | 25990-37-8 | C27H30O7 |
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—— | (1S,4aS,5S,7S,7aR)-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-Hexahydro-4a,5,7-trihydroxy-7-methylcyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside | 6926-08-5 | C15H24O10 |
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—— | 2-[2-[2-[6-[(6R,9S,13S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 11024-24-1 | C56H92O29 |
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—— | Dicyclohexylamine 3-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propanoate | 81306-94-7 | C28H45N3O6 |
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—— | 3-amino-L-tyrosine dihydrochloride | 23279-22-3 | C9H12N2O3*2ClH |
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—— | (R)-2-Amino-3-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propionic acid; hydrochloride | 82317-79-1 | C10H10F3NO2*ClH |
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—— | Gadolinium-DO3A-butriol | 138071-82-6 | C18H31GdN4O9 |
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—— | Ac-dC Phosphoramidite | 154110-40-4 | C41H50N5O8P |
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—— | Cimiracemoside D | 290821-39-5 | C37H58O11 |
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—— | (4aS,6aR,6bS,8aR,12aS,14bS)-Methyl 11-cyano-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10,14-dioxo-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,12a,14,14a,14b-octadecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 218600-53-4 | C32H43NO4 |
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—— | (2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(4-Acetamido-2-oxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)-2-((bis(4-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)methoxy)methyl)-4-methoxytetrahydrofuran-3-yl (2-cyanoethyl) diisopropylphosphoramidite | 199593-09-4 | C42H52N5O9P |
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—— | potassium;[(E)-[2-phenyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]sulfanylethylidene]amino] sulfate | 5115-71-9 | C14H18KNO9S2 |
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—— | (27S)-22-ethyl-7,11,15-trihydroxy-6'-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethylspiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-oxane]-3,9,13-trione | 11052-72-5 | C45H74O10 |
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—— | (1R)-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-prop-2-enyl-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.04,9]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone | 104987-11-3 | C44H69NO12 |
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—— | 4-Nitrophenyl maltopentaoside | 66068-38-0 | C36H55NO28 |
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—— | (5R)-2-methylspiro[1,3-oxathiolane-5,3'-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane];hydrate;dihydrochloride | 153504-70-2 | C20H38Cl2N2O3S2 |
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—— | L-alpha-Aspartyl-L-alanyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-histidyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-serylglycyl-L-tyrosyl-L-glutaminyl-L-valyl-L-histidyl-L-histidyl-L-glutaminyl-L-lysine | 133605-53-5 | C84H120N28O27 |
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—— | (1S,3R,5R,6S,8R,10R,11S,13R,15R,16S,18R,20R,21S,23R,25R,26S,28S,30S,31R,33S,35R,36R,37R,38S,39S,40R,41R,42R,43R,44R,45R,46R,47R,48R,49R)-5,10,15,20,25,30,35-heptakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontane-36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-tetradecol | 7585-39-9 | C42H70O35 |
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—— | 2-Naphthyl B-D-glucuronide sodium salt | 20838-64-6 | C16H15NaO7 |
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—— | Gly-Arg-Ala-Asp-Ser-Pro-Lys | 125455-58-5 | C29H51N11O11 |
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—— | N-(4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)benzamide hydrochloride | 313553-47-8 | C18H17ClN2OS |
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—— | L-Arginyl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-D-tryptophyl-L-methioninamide | 89430-38-6 | C79H105N21O13S |
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—— | YEVHHQKLVFF | 152286-31-2 | C71H99N17O16 |
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—— | (4S)-4-amino-5-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-carboxy-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-methylpropyl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid | 154040-19-4 | C141H235N39O49 |
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—— | Fmoc-Arg(Pbf)-OH (U-13C6, U-15N4) | 1217461-89-6 | C34H40N4O7S |
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—— | gamma-Cyclodextrin hydrate | 91464-90-3 | C48H82O41 |
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—— | (Biotinyl-Gln1)-LHRH | 218433-98-8 | C65H92N20O15S |
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—— | [(1R,3R,5R,6R,8R,10R,11R,13R,15R,16R,18R,20R,21R,23R,25R,26R,28R,30R,31R,33R,35R,36R,37S,38R,39S,40R,41S,42R,43S,44R,45S,46R,47S,48R,49S)-36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-tetradecaacetyloxy-10,15,20,25,30,35-hexakis(acetyloxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontan-5-yl]methyl acetate | 23739-88-0 | C84H112O56 |
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—— | Autocamtide 2 | 129198-88-5 | C65H118N22O20 |
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—— | CYP3cide | 1390637-82-7 | C26H32N8 |
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—— | methyl N-[(2R)-1-[2-[(2S,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-[[(2R)-2-(methoxycarbonylamino)-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]-4-phenylbutyl]hydrazinyl]-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]carbamate | 1192224-24-0 | C26H43N5O7 |
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—— | beta-Amyloid (1-11) | 190436-05-6 | C56H76N16O22 |
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—— | Succinyl coenzyme A sodium salt | 108347-97-3 | C25H38N7O19P3S-2 |
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—— | But-2-enedioic acid--4-[(1S,2R)-3-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl]phenol (1/1) | 169274-78-6 | C26H33NO6 |
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—— | N-(3,5-Dimethyltricyclo[3.3.1.1~3,7~]decan-1-yl)-4-O-alpha-L-erythro-hexopyranosyl-beta-D-threo-hexopyranosylamine | 1159637-28-1 | C24H41NO10 |
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—— | beta-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced disodium salt trihydrate | 606-68-8 | C21H33N7Na2O17P2 |
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—— | 2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-Pyrimidinetrione, 5,5-dihydroxy-, trihydrate | 5629-46-9 | C4H10N2O8 |
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—— | astragaloside VI | 84687-45-6 | C47H78O19 |
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—— | Congmunoside V | 340963-86-2 | C54H88O23 |
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