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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— L-Glc(a1-4)a-L-Glc 69-79-4 C12H22O11
    L-Glc(a1-4)a-L-Glc
    —— hematoxylin 517-28-2 C16H14O6
    hematoxylin
    —— α-[2-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]hydrazinylidene]-2-nitrobenzenepropanoic acid 315706-13-9 C18H12Cl2N4O4S
    α-[2-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-thiazolyl]hydrazinylidene]-2-nitrobenzenepropanoic acid
    —— isocolumbin 471-54-5 C20H22O6
    isocolumbin
    —— Phellodendrin 6873-13-8 C20H24NO4
    Phellodendrin
    —— Arthanitin 7228-78-6 C23H25ClO12
    Arthanitin
    —— (S)-3-(6-acetylnaphthalen-2-ylamino)-2-aminopropanoic acid 1313516-26-5 C15H16N2O3
    (S)-3-(6-acetylnaphthalen-2-ylamino)-2-aminopropanoic acid
    —— 2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-{4-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-6-[(7S,9aS)-7-(hydroxylmethyl)hexahydropyrazino[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8(1H)-yl]-3-pyridinyl}-N,2-dimethylpropanamide 929046-33-3 C33H35F7N4O3
    2-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-{4-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-6-[(7S,9aS)-7-(hydroxylmethyl)hexahydropyrazino[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-8(1H)-yl]-3-pyridinyl}-N,2-dimethylpropanamide
    —— (R)-dibenzyl 2-aminosuccinate hydrochloride 6327-59-9 C18H19NO4*ClH
    (R)-dibenzyl 2-aminosuccinate hydrochloride
    —— (6S,9aS)-N-benzyl-8-((6-(3-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)azetidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-((2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)-4,7-dioxo-2-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-octahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-1-carboxamide 1799824-08-0 C39H48FN9O4
    (6S,9aS)-N-benzyl-8-((6-(3-(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)azetidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-6-((2-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)-4,7-dioxo-2-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-octahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-1-carboxamide
    —— (6S)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one 26472-41-3 C21H30O5
    (6S)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one
    —— (R)-2-amino-3-(4-bromophenyl)propionic acid methyl ester hydrochloride 459133-43-8 C10H12BrNO2*ClH
    (R)-2-amino-3-(4-bromophenyl)propionic acid methyl ester hydrochloride
    —— alofanib 1612888-66-0 C19H15N3O6S
    alofanib
    —— 6b-Hydroxy-3-tropinone 5932-53-6 C8H13NO2
    6b-Hydroxy-3-tropinone
    —— diethyl N-(p-aminobenzoyl)-glutamate 13726-52-8 C16H22N2O5
    diethyl N-(p-aminobenzoyl)-glutamate
    —— 1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid 1182-34-9 C25H24O12
    1,4-Dicaffeoylquinic acid
    —— 5-(tert-butoxy)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-5-oxopentanoic acid 13726-84-6 C14H25NO6
    5-(tert-butoxy)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-5-oxopentanoic acid
    —— (5α,20β<sub>F</sub><i>H</i>)-cholestan-3-one 566-88-1 C27H46O
    (5α,20β<sub>F</sub><i>H</i>)-cholestan-3-one
    —— (5α)-cholestan-3-one 566-88-1 C27H46O
    (5α)-cholestan-3-one
    —— 19-Nor-Δ<sup>4.9</sup>-androstadien-3.17-dion 5173-46-6 C18H22O2
    19-Nor-Δ<sup>4.9</sup>-androstadien-3.17-dion
    —— beclabuvir 958002-33-0 C36H45N5O5S
    beclabuvir
    —— 22,23-dihydrobrusatol 25514-31-2 C26H34O11
    22,23-dihydrobrusatol
    —— mesocorydaline 518-69-4 C22H27NO4
    mesocorydaline
    —— tectoridin 611-40-5 C22H22O11
    tectoridin
    —— (S)-2,8-dimethyl-2-((4S,8S)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol 119-13-1 C27H46O2
    (S)-2,8-dimethyl-2-((4S,8S)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol
    —— (2'S,3'R,4'S,5'R)-6-chloro-4'-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2'-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydrospiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-5'-carboxylic acid (4-carbamoyl-2-methoxyphenyl)amide 1309684-94-3 C31H31Cl2FN4O4
    (2'S,3'R,4'S,5'R)-6-chloro-4'-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2'-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydrospiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidine]-5'-carboxylic acid (4-carbamoyl-2-methoxyphenyl)amide
    —— nortropine 538-09-0 C7H13NO
    nortropine
    —— δ-tocopherol 119-13-1 C27H46O2
    δ-tocopherol
    —— β-DL-Isopropylideninosin 2140-11-6 C13H16N4O5
    β-DL-Isopropylideninosin
    —— L-xanthosine 146-80-5 C10H12N4O6
    L-xanthosine
    —— Leukokristallviolett-Anionenradikal 603-48-5 C25H31N3
    Leukokristallviolett-Anionenradikal
    —— 1-Ξ-alanyl-L-proline 3918-95-4 C8H14N2O3
    1-Ξ-alanyl-L-proline
    —— (+/-)-3-[3-(<i>cis</i>-3-hydroxy-[2]piperidyl)-2-oxo-propyl]-3<i>H</i>-quinazolin-4-one 24159-07-7 C16H19N3O3
    (+/-)-3-[3-(<i>cis</i>-3-hydroxy-[2]piperidyl)-2-oxo-propyl]-3<i>H</i>-quinazolin-4-one
    —— isofebrifugine 32434-44-9 C16H19N3O3
    isofebrifugine
    —— [(2,3-difluorobenzoyl)amino]acetic acid 1072833-89-6 C9H7F2NO3
    [(2,3-difluorobenzoyl)amino]acetic acid
    —— oleanolic acid methyl ester 1724-17-0 C31H50O3
    oleanolic acid methyl ester
    —— methyl (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 1724-17-0 C31H50O3
    methyl (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
    —— oleanolic acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside 35790-95-5 C41H66O11
    oleanolic acid 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside
    —— (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 35790-95-5 C41H66O11
    (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid
    —— glycyl-D-valine 10521-49-0 C7H14N2O3
    glycyl-D-valine
    —— 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-β-L-arabinopyranosyl]-hederagenin 20853-58-1 C41H66O13
    3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-β-L-arabinopyranosyl]-hederagenin
    —— Inokosterone 15130-85-5 C27H44O7
    Inokosterone
    —— saringosterol 6901-60-6 C29H48O2
    saringosterol
    —— xylopentaose 49694-20-4 C25H42O21
    xylopentaose
    —— (3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxyoxane-2,3,5-triol 3370-81-8 C7H14O6
    (3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methoxyoxane-2,3,5-triol
    —— <i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-methyl-<i>D</i>-altrose 3370-81-8 C7H14O6
    <i>O</i><sup>3</sup>-methyl-<i>D</i>-altrose
    —— 3-O-methyl-α-D-galactopyranose 3370-81-8 C7H14O6
    3-O-methyl-α-D-galactopyranose
    —— 3-O-Methyl-D-allose 3370-81-8 C7H14O6
    3-O-Methyl-D-allose
    —— 1-(n-heptyl)-2-aminoethanol 72799-63-4 C9H21NO
    1-(n-heptyl)-2-aminoethanol
    —— Polygalacic acid 6860-18-0 C30H48O6
    Polygalacic acid