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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Ponceau S 6226-79-5 C22H16N4O13S4
    Ponceau S
    —— Carboxymethylazanide;manganese(2+) 14281-77-7 C4H8MnN2O4
    Carboxymethylazanide;manganese(2+)
    —— Bis(DL-methioninato-N,O)copper 15170-74-8 C10H20CuN2O4S2
    Bis(DL-methioninato-N,O)copper
    —— alanylglycine methyl ester 438002-26-7 C6H12N2O3
    alanylglycine methyl ester
    —— Laminaran 9008-22-4 C18H32O16
    Laminaran
    —— 2-(2-Acetamido-4-methylvaleramido)-N-(1-formyl-4-guanidinobutyl)-4-methylvaleramide 24365-47-7 C20H38N6O4
    2-(2-Acetamido-4-methylvaleramido)-N-(1-formyl-4-guanidinobutyl)-4-methylvaleramide
    —— Rhodotoxine 4720-09-6 C22H36O7
    Rhodotoxine
    —— [(1'S,3'R,4'R,5'R,6'R,10'S,12'S,16'R,18'S,21'R)-2-hydroxy-1,4',6',12',17',17'-hexamethyl-18'-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,8'-9-oxahexacyclo[11.9.0.01,21.04,12.05,10.016,21]docos-13-ene]-3'-yl] acetate 66176-93-0 C37H54O11
    [(1'S,3'R,4'R,5'R,6'R,10'S,12'S,16'R,18'S,21'R)-2-hydroxy-1,4',6',12',17',17'-hexamethyl-18'-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyspiro[3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-4,8'-9-oxahexacyclo[11.9.0.01,21.04,12.05,10.016,21]docos-13-ene]-3'-yl] acetate
    —— Surfactin 24730-31-2 C53H93N7O13
    Surfactin
    —— sanggenone C 80651-76-9 C40H36O12
    sanggenone C
    —— [[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-4-[[3-oxo-3-(2-sulfanylethylamino)propyl]amino]butyl] hydrogen phosphate 85-61-0 C21H36N7O16P3S
    [[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-4-[[3-oxo-3-(2-sulfanylethylamino)propyl]amino]butyl] hydrogen phosphate
    —— (+)-isofebrifugine 496-32-2 C16H19N3O3
    (+)-isofebrifugine
    —— iron(2+);(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate;hydrate 699014-53-4 C12H24FeO15
    iron(2+);(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate;hydrate
    —— 6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime 667463-62-9 C16H10BrN3O2
    6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime
    —— [[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-4-[[3-oxo-3-(2-sulfanylethylamino)propyl]amino]butyl] hydrogen phosphate 85-61-0 C21H36N7O16P3S
    [[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-4-oxo-4-[[3-oxo-3-(2-sulfanylethylamino)propyl]amino]butyl] hydrogen phosphate
    —— (3R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol 3102-56-5 C18H39NO2
    (3R)-2-aminooctadecane-1,3-diol
    —— 2-((4-(1-[11C]methyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)quinoline 1292799-56-4 C25H20N4O
    2-((4-(1-[11C]methyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)quinoline
    —— Y-27632 dihydrochloride 146986-50-7 C14H21N3O
    Y-27632 dihydrochloride
    —— bleomycin 11056-06-7 C55H84N17O21S3
    bleomycin
    —— (2S)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)chroman-4-one 13241-33-3 C28H34O15
    (2S)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)chroman-4-one
    —— N-Z-Glutamylphenylalanin 987-84-8 C22H24N2O7
    N-Z-Glutamylphenylalanin
    —— <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-α-L-glutamyl)-D-phenylalanine 987-84-8 C22H24N2O7
    <i>N</i>-(<i>N</i>-benzyloxycarbonyl-α-L-glutamyl)-D-phenylalanine
    —— chasmanine 5066-78-4 C25H41NO6
    chasmanine
    —— 2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid 1655-65-8 C10H11N3O7
    2-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
    —— N-[(3S,6S,15S,16R,19S,25R)-25-[[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide 120138-50-3 C53H67N9O10S
    N-[(3S,6S,15S,16R,19S,25R)-25-[[(3S)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-3-yl]sulfanylmethyl]-3-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl]-12-ethyl-4,16-dimethyl-2,5,11,14,18,21,24-heptaoxo-19-phenyl-17-oxa-1,4,10,13,20-pentazatricyclo[20.4.0.06,10]hexacosan-15-yl]-3-hydroxypyridine-2-carboxamide
    —— Aspartyl-Glutamine 13433-13-1 C9H15N3O6
    Aspartyl-Glutamine
    —— 2-(5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethylamino)phenol 14337-53-2 C15H17BrN4O
    2-(5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethylamino)phenol
    —— sodium;[[5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate 33818-15-4 C14H25N4NaO11P2
    sodium;[[5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl] 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate
    —— <i>O</i><sup>1</sup>-phosphono-β-<i>D</i>-ribofuranose; compound with cyclohexylamine 38180-21-1 C5H11O8P*2C6H13N
    <i>O</i><sup>1</sup>-phosphono-β-<i>D</i>-ribofuranose; compound with cyclohexylamine
    —— D-Lactose monohydrate 64044-51-5 C12H24O12
    D-Lactose monohydrate
    —— juvenile hormone II 34218-61-6 C17H28O3
    juvenile hormone II
    —— argininium nitrate 51076-10-9 C6H14N4O2*2HNO3
    argininium nitrate
    —— DNP-Arginin 1602-42-2 C12H16N6O6
    DNP-Arginin
    —— 2-Pyrrolidon-5-carbonsaeure-2,4,5-trichlorphenylester 5910-47-4 C11H8Cl3NO3
    2-Pyrrolidon-5-carbonsaeure-2,4,5-trichlorphenylester
    —— 3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-6-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran 53008-63-2 C35H38O6
    3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-6-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran
    —— Harpagid 6926-08-5 C15H24O10
    Harpagid
    —— harpagide 6926-08-5 C15H24O10
    harpagide
    —— (S)-3-(Acetylamino-methylsulfanyl)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid 4-nitro-phenyl ester 58651-76-6 C17H23N3O7S
    (S)-3-(Acetylamino-methylsulfanyl)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid 4-nitro-phenyl ester
    —— asatone 38451-63-7 C24H32O8
    asatone
    —— Allyl-β-D-glucosylacetat 10343-15-4 C17H24O10
    Allyl-β-D-glucosylacetat
    —— (1R,3S,6S,10S,11S)-3,12-dimethyl-7-methylidene-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.01,3.06,10]tetradec-12-en-8-one 84692-91-1 C15H18O3
    (1R,3S,6S,10S,11S)-3,12-dimethyl-7-methylidene-2,9-dioxatetracyclo[9.3.0.01,3.06,10]tetradec-12-en-8-one
    —— 4-Benzyl-1-(beta,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylphenethyl)piperidinium hydrogen tartrate 23210-58-4 C46H60N2O10
    4-Benzyl-1-(beta,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylphenethyl)piperidinium hydrogen tartrate
    —— (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile 29883-15-6 C20H27NO11
    (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile
    —— Disomotide 181477-43-0 C47H74N10O14S
    Disomotide
    —— N-Fmoc-S-benzylcysteine 53298-33-2 C25H23NO4S
    N-Fmoc-S-benzylcysteine
    —— (rac)-4-benzyloxy-2-methyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester 54631-81-1 C18H25NO5
    (rac)-4-benzyloxy-2-methyl-pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid 1-tert-butyl ester
    —— (E)-3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3,4,5,6-tetra-hydro-2,3'-bipyridine dihydrochloride 156223-05-1 C19H20N2O2*2ClH
    (E)-3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-3,4,5,6-tetra-hydro-2,3'-bipyridine dihydrochloride
    —— C646 328968-36-1 C24H19N3O6
    C646
    —— (1R,3R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13R,14R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione 17617-45-7 C15H16O6
    (1R,3R,5S,8S,9S,12R,13R,14R)-1-hydroxy-13-methyl-14-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,7,10-trioxapentacyclo[6.4.1.19,12.03,5.05,13]tetradecane-6,11-dione
    —— gypenoside-XVII 80321-69-3 C48H82O18
    gypenoside-XVII