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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Phenyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside 2936-70-1 C12H16O5S
    Phenyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside
    —— formestane 566-48-3 C19H26O3
    formestane
    —— (+/-)-byakangelicol 61046-59-1 C17H16O6
    (+/-)-byakangelicol
    —— Quercetin-3-rhamnofuranosid 21637-25-2 C21H20O12
    Quercetin-3-rhamnofuranosid
    —— 2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 13463-28-0 C27H32O15
    2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
    —— Trilloside A 55659-75-1 C45H72O17
    Trilloside A
    —— [2-Oxo-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,9-dioxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undeca-1(10),5-dien-6-yl]methyl methylsulfanylformate 20547-45-9 C18H22O11S
    [2-Oxo-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,9-dioxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undeca-1(10),5-dien-6-yl]methyl methylsulfanylformate
    —— 2-methyl-2,3,4-trihydroxy-butanoic acid-1,4-lactone 18465-71-9 C5H8O4
    2-methyl-2,3,4-trihydroxy-butanoic acid-1,4-lactone
    —— 7-Ethylidene-4,21-di(propan-2-yl)-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23-tetrazabicyclo[8.7.6]tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,19,22-pentone 128517-07-7 C24H36N4O6S2
    7-Ethylidene-4,21-di(propan-2-yl)-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23-tetrazabicyclo[8.7.6]tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,19,22-pentone
    —— Valepotriatum 18296-44-1 C10H12O5
    Valepotriatum
    —— Lupeolacetat 1617-68-1 C32H52O2
    Lupeolacetat
    —— 4-amino-7-β-<i>D</i>-ribofuranosyl-7<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid amide 18417-89-5 C12H15N5O5
    4-amino-7-β-<i>D</i>-ribofuranosyl-7<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid amide
    —— cellohexaose 34620-77-4 C36H62O31
    cellohexaose
    —— 2-Amino-3-(2-pyridin-4-yl-ethylsulfanyl)-propionic acid 28809-04-3 C10H14N2O2S
    2-Amino-3-(2-pyridin-4-yl-ethylsulfanyl)-propionic acid
    —— Jujuboside B1 55466-05-2 C52H84O21
    Jujuboside B1
    —— [13,20,22-Trihydroxy-8,14-dimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3-oxo-19-(prop-2-enylamino)-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18(22),19-hexaen-9-yl] carbamate 857402-23-4 C31H45N3O8
    [13,20,22-Trihydroxy-8,14-dimethoxy-4,10,12,16-tetramethyl-3-oxo-19-(prop-2-enylamino)-2-azabicyclo[16.3.1]docosa-1(21),4,6,10,18(22),19-hexaen-9-yl] carbamate
    —— guanosine 38819-10-2 C10H13N5O5
    guanosine
    —— Podophyllotoxin, glucoside 16481-54-2 C28H32O13
    Podophyllotoxin, glucoside
    —— 2',6'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxychalcone 20621-49-2 C17H16O5
    2',6'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxychalcone
    —— 2',3'-Di-O-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-fuluro-D-cytidine 161599-46-8 C13H16FN3O6
    2',3'-Di-O-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-fuluro-D-cytidine
    —— [6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 10-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 36284-77-2 C59H96O25
    [6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 10-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
    —— 7-(2-Apiosylglucosyl)apigenin 26544-34-3 C26H28O14
    7-(2-Apiosylglucosyl)apigenin
    —— 2-(tert-butylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol 14467-32-4 C12H19NO
    2-(tert-butylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol
    —— 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavanone 479-54-9 C15H12O6
    5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavanone
    —— 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide 3031-94-5 C9H15N4O8P
    5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide
    —— 2-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[6-methyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11021-13-9 C53H90O22
    2-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[6-methyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— [6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 125265-68-1 C48H78O20
    [6-[[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 8,10,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate
    —— 5-(2,6-Diaminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol 4546-70-7 C10H14N6O3
    5-(2,6-Diaminopurin-9-yl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-ol
    —— 20',20'-difluoro-3',4'-dihydrovinorelbine 162652-95-1 C45H54F2N4O8
    20',20'-difluoro-3',4'-dihydrovinorelbine
    —— beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta)-20-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- 156012-92-9 C48H82O17
    beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta)-20-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)dammar-24-en-3-yl 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-
    —— cyclo[DL-Asp-DL-Leu-DL-Leu-ObAla(3-isododecyl)-DL-Glu-DL-Leu-DL-Leu-DL-Val] 24730-31-2 C53H93N7O13
    cyclo[DL-Asp-DL-Leu-DL-Leu-ObAla(3-isododecyl)-DL-Glu-DL-Leu-DL-Leu-DL-Val]
    —— 2-Hydroxymethyl-3,6,8-trioxa-4-oxo-7,7-dimethyl bicyclo[3.3.0] octane 30725-00-9 C8H12O5
    2-Hydroxymethyl-3,6,8-trioxa-4-oxo-7,7-dimethyl bicyclo[3.3.0] octane
    —— Chikusetsusaponin V 34367-04-9 C48H76O19
    Chikusetsusaponin V
    —— Boc-L-TryOH 13139-14-5 C16H20N2O4
    Boc-L-TryOH
    —— 4-[2,3-dihydroxy-3-(2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)butyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one 17086-76-9 C29H44O8
    4-[2,3-dihydroxy-3-(2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)butyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one
    —— (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-phenoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol 4630-62-0 C12H16O6
    (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-phenoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
    —— Cucurbitacin E 2612-95-5 C32H44O8
    Cucurbitacin E
    —— 2-methyl 3,4-dihydroxydihydropyran diacetate 34819-86-8 C10H14O5
    2-methyl 3,4-dihydroxydihydropyran diacetate
    —— (16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,13,14-tetramethyl-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9,13-trien-2-yl) acetate 22144-76-9 C30H37NO6
    (16-benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,13,14-tetramethyl-6,18-dioxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9,13-trien-2-yl) acetate
    —— apigenin 6-C-glucopyranoside 29702-25-8 C21H20O10
    apigenin 6-C-glucopyranoside
    —— 2-[[17-[2-[6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 88105-29-7 C47H80O17
    2-[[17-[2-[6-[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-naphthalen-2-yloxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 33993-25-8 C16H18O6
    2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-naphthalen-2-yloxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— S-hydroxyethylcysteine 97170-10-0 C5H11NO3S
    S-hydroxyethylcysteine
    —— Raffinose 512-69-6 C18H32O16
    Raffinose
    —— 3,16-dihydroxy-23-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 631-01-6 C30H46O5
    3,16-dihydroxy-23-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid
    —— Glycyrrhetinic acid 471-53-4 C30H46O4
    Glycyrrhetinic acid
    —— Araliasaponin V 340963-86-2 C54H88O23
    Araliasaponin V
    —— lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol 545-47-1 C30H50O
    lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol
    —— 9-Tert-butyl-7,9-dihydroxy-3,5,12-trioxatetracyclo[6.6.0.01,11.04,8]tetradecane-2,6,13-trione 33570-04-6 C15H18O8
    9-Tert-butyl-7,9-dihydroxy-3,5,12-trioxatetracyclo[6.6.0.01,11.04,8]tetradecane-2,6,13-trione
    —— 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-8-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)chromen-4-one 207461-10-7 C26H28O14
    5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-8-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)chromen-4-one