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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— O-[(Ethoxycarbonyl)cyanomethylenamino]-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate 136849-72-4 C10H17BF4N4O3
    O-[(Ethoxycarbonyl)cyanomethylenamino]-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate
    —— 4-(4-(2-chlorobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1H-indole 334974-31-1 C19H20ClN3
    4-(4-(2-chlorobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1H-indole
    —— 2'3'-Isopropylidene-adenosine 362-75-4 C13H17N5O4
    2'3'-Isopropylidene-adenosine
    —— (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol hydrate 34004-14-3 C7H16O7
    (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol hydrate
    —— Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (disodium salt) —— C10H14N5Na2O14P3
    Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (disodium salt)
    —— 3,3-Bis[3-[[bis(sodiooxycarbonylmethyl)amino]methyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl]-3H-2,1-benzooxathiole 1,1-dioxide 3618-43-7 C31H28N2Na4O13S
    3,3-Bis[3-[[bis(sodiooxycarbonylmethyl)amino]methyl]-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl]-3H-2,1-benzooxathiole 1,1-dioxide
    —— peptide N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester monohydrate 36546-50-6 C13H17NO4*H2O
    peptide N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester monohydrate
    —— 2-Hydroxy-N-methyl-2-(methylimino)ethan-1-aminium 44565-47-1 C4H11N2O+
    2-Hydroxy-N-methyl-2-(methylimino)ethan-1-aminium
    —— (1S,4S,7Z,10S,21R)-7-ethylidene-4,21-di(propan-2-yl)-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23-tetrazabicyclo[8.7.6]tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,19,22-pentone 128517-07-7 C24H36N4O6S2
    (1S,4S,7Z,10S,21R)-7-ethylidene-4,21-di(propan-2-yl)-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23-tetrazabicyclo[8.7.6]tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,19,22-pentone
    —— Tertiapin Q 252198-49-5 C106H175N35O24S4
    Tertiapin Q
    —— (9S)-9-[(9S)-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-10-oxo-9H-anthracen-9-yl]-4,5-dihydroxy-10-oxo-9H-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid 641-12-3 C30H18O10
    (9S)-9-[(9S)-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-10-oxo-9H-anthracen-9-yl]-4,5-dihydroxy-10-oxo-9H-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R)-3-[(2R,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'R,4R,4aS,6S,8aR)-2-[(1S,3S)-3-[(2S,3R,6R,11R)-3,11-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]-1-hydroxybutyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid 81720-10-7 C45H70O13
    (2R)-3-[(2R,6R,8S,11R)-2-[(E,2R)-4-[(2S,2'R,4R,4aS,6S,8aR)-2-[(1S,3S)-3-[(2S,3R,6R,11R)-3,11-dimethyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]-1-hydroxybutyl]-4-hydroxy-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— Primulasaponin II 208599-88-6 C59H96O27
    Primulasaponin II
    —— 1,3-Dihydroxybutan-2-aminium 44520-55-0 C4H12NO2+
    1,3-Dihydroxybutan-2-aminium
    —— 1-(2,6-dimethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[4-(furan-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanone 371210-26-3 C21H23N3O3
    1-(2,6-dimethyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[4-(furan-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanone
    —— TG003 300801-52-9 C13H15NO2S
    TG003
    —— N-4-Tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride 1784-03-8 C14H23N4O4S+
    N-4-Tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride
    —— 4-(2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-2-carboxyethyl)phenolate 70642-86-3 C14H18NO5-
    4-(2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}-2-carboxyethyl)phenolate
    —— (R)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)glycine 6747-15-5 C10H10N2O2
    (R)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)glycine
    —— 5-[(4-Ethylphenyl)methylene]-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone 403811-55-2 C12H11NOS2
    5-[(4-Ethylphenyl)methylene]-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone
    —— 2-cyano-3-[5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-furanyl]-N-(5-quinolinyl)-2-propenamide 304896-28-4 C23H13Cl2N3O2
    2-cyano-3-[5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-furanyl]-N-(5-quinolinyl)-2-propenamide
    —— Isrib 1597403-47-8 C22H24Cl2N2O4
    Isrib
    —— 5h-Thieno[2,3-c]pyran-3-carboxamide, 4,7-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-2-[[(phenylamino)carbonyl]amino]- 6155-35-7 C17H19N3O3S
    5h-Thieno[2,3-c]pyran-3-carboxamide, 4,7-dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-2-[[(phenylamino)carbonyl]amino]-
    —— 1-(3-Ethyl-5-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)propan-2-one 300801-52-9 C13H15NO2S
    1-(3-Ethyl-5-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)propan-2-one
    —— 2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}pent-4-enoate 170899-08-8 C10H16NO4-
    2-{[tert-Butoxy(hydroxy)methylidene]amino}pent-4-enoate
    —— epigallocatechin-(2β->7,4β->8)-epicatechin 103883-03-0 C30H24O13
    epigallocatechin-(2β->7,4β->8)-epicatechin
    —— 5-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl beta-D-galactopyranoside 1174456-59-7 C14H15BrClNO6
    5-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl beta-D-galactopyranoside
    —— 2-[(4-Nitrophenyl)sulfonylamino]-3-phenylpropanoyl chloride 146815-23-8 C15H13ClN2O5S
    2-[(4-Nitrophenyl)sulfonylamino]-3-phenylpropanoyl chloride
    —— N-[N-(N-benzoylglycyl)-L-histidyl]-L-leucine 31373-65-6 C21H27N5O5
    N-[N-(N-benzoylglycyl)-L-histidyl]-L-leucine
    —— 3,11-Dimethyl-4,8,9,12-tetrahydro-6H-4,7-(metheno)furo[3,2-c]oxacycloundecin-6-one 728-61-0 C15H16O3
    3,11-Dimethyl-4,8,9,12-tetrahydro-6H-4,7-(metheno)furo[3,2-c]oxacycloundecin-6-one
    —— (1S,4S,5R,6R,9S,10R,12R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3,11,11,14-tetramethyltetracyclo[7.5.1.01,5.010,12]pentadeca-2,7-dien-15-one 30220-46-3 C20H28O5
    (1S,4S,5R,6R,9S,10R,12R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-3,11,11,14-tetramethyltetracyclo[7.5.1.01,5.010,12]pentadeca-2,7-dien-15-one
    —— 4,4'-(Furan-2,5-diyl)dibenzimidamide dihydrochloride 55368-40-6 C18H18Cl2N4O
    4,4'-(Furan-2,5-diyl)dibenzimidamide dihydrochloride
    —— C.I. Acid red 183 6408-31-7 C17H13ClCrN4O8S2-
    C.I. Acid red 183
    —— Oridonin, R. rubescens 28957-04-2 C20H28O6
    Oridonin, R. rubescens
    —— cholecystokinin-8 25679-24-7 C49H62N10O13S2
    cholecystokinin-8
    —— (3R,4S)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane 140111-52-0 C11H13ClN2
    (3R,4S)-3-(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
    —— N-(Carboxymethyl)-3-(sulfooxy)cholan-24-imidate 15324-64-8 C26H42NO7S-
    N-(Carboxymethyl)-3-(sulfooxy)cholan-24-imidate
    —— (6R,6aR,13S,13aS)-1,3,4,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-2H-6,13-methanodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-e]azocine 56293-29-9 C15H24N2
    (6R,6aR,13S,13aS)-1,3,4,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,13,13a-dodecahydro-2H-6,13-methanodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-e]azocine
    —— 3,4,5,6-Tetradehydrospartein-2-one 486-89-5 C15H20N2O
    3,4,5,6-Tetradehydrospartein-2-one
    —— (1S,12S,13S)-5,10-dimethyl-8,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,13.07,11]hexadeca-4,7(11),9-trien-15-one 13476-25-0 C15H16O4
    (1S,12S,13S)-5,10-dimethyl-8,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,13.07,11]hexadeca-4,7(11),9-trien-15-one
    —— sanggenon D 81422-93-7 C40H36O12
    sanggenon D
    —— ipecoside 15401-60-2 C27H35NO12
    ipecoside
    —— methyl (1S,15S,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1R,12R,14R)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    methyl (1S,15S,17S,18S)-17-ethyl-6-[(1R,12R,14R)-15-ethylidene-18-methoxycarbonyl-17-methyl-10,17-diazatetracyclo[12.3.1.03,11.04,9]octadeca-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-12-yl]-7-methoxy-3,13-diazapentacyclo[13.3.1.02,10.04,9.013,18]nonadeca-2(10),4,6,8-tetraene-1-carboxylate
    —— Aconifine 41849-35-8 C34H47NO12
    Aconifine
    —— 3-[(3aS,4R,5R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-6-yl]propyl acetate 33627-41-7 C17H24O5
    3-[(3aS,4R,5R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-5,7-dimethyl-3-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,8,8a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclohepta[b]furan-6-yl]propyl acetate
    —— Azadirachtin A+B 11141-17-6 C35H44O16
    Azadirachtin A+B
    —— karacoline 39089-30-0 C22H35NO4
    karacoline
    —— (1S,5R,8R,10S,11R,13R,14S,15S,16R)-7-Ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol 26166-37-0 C22H33NO2
    (1S,5R,8R,10S,11R,13R,14S,15S,16R)-7-Ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol
    —— (1R,3R,8S,9R,10S,13S,16S,17R)-8-tert-butyl-6,9,17-trihydroxy-16-methyl-2,4,14,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[8.7.2.01,11.03,7.07,11.013,17]nonadecane-5,15,18-trione 107438-79-9 C20H24O10
    (1R,3R,8S,9R,10S,13S,16S,17R)-8-tert-butyl-6,9,17-trihydroxy-16-methyl-2,4,14,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[8.7.2.01,11.03,7.07,11.013,17]nonadecane-5,15,18-trione
    —— Tautomycin 109946-35-2 C41H66O13
    Tautomycin