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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Sar-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe 102029-89-0 C51H75N13O12
    Sar-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe
    —— Undecyl b-D-thiomaltopyranoside 148565-57-5 C23H44O10S
    Undecyl b-D-thiomaltopyranoside
    —— Trifluoroacetic acid--N-acetylleucyl-N-{5-[(diaminomethylidene)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl}leucinamide (1/1) 147385-61-3 C22H39F3N6O6
    Trifluoroacetic acid--N-acetylleucyl-N-{5-[(diaminomethylidene)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl}leucinamide (1/1)
    —— N-Acetylleucyl-alpha-glutamylhistidyl-N-[2-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl]-alpha-asparagine 210345-03-2 C33H38F3N7O11
    N-Acetylleucyl-alpha-glutamylhistidyl-N-[2-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl]-alpha-asparagine
    —— N-Acetylisoleucyl-alpha-glutamylthreonyl-N-[2-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl]-alpha-asparagine 211990-57-7 C31H38F3N5O12
    N-Acetylisoleucyl-alpha-glutamylthreonyl-N-[2-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl]-alpha-asparagine
    —— methyl (3S)-5-fluoro-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-methoxy-2-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-oxopentanoate 210344-92-6 C32H46FN5O11
    methyl (3S)-5-fluoro-3-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-methoxy-2-[[(2S)-3-methyl-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)butanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-oxopentanoate
    —— (6S,9S,11S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-15-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecane-6,9,14-triol 84605-18-5 C30H50O5
    (6S,9S,11S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-15-[(2S,5R)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecane-6,9,14-triol
    —— Ethyl (R)-(amino)phenylacetate HCl 17609-48-2 C10H14ClNO2
    Ethyl (R)-(amino)phenylacetate HCl
    —— Sodium lauroyl proline 70609-63-1 C17H30NNaO3
    Sodium lauroyl proline
    —— (3beta,16alpha)-3-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-16-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 78285-90-2 C36H58O9
    (3beta,16alpha)-3-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-16-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid
    —— beta-D-Glucopyranose, 6-(dihydrogen phosphate), monosodium salt 84332-92-3 C6H12NaO9P
    beta-D-Glucopyranose, 6-(dihydrogen phosphate), monosodium salt
    —— Quarfloxin, (R)- 783361-78-4 C35H33FN6O3
    Quarfloxin, (R)-
    —— Phenylalanyl-leucyl-leucyl-arginyl-asparagine 141136-84-7 C31H51N9O7
    Phenylalanyl-leucyl-leucyl-arginyl-asparagine
    —— Sodium (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate 83833-12-9 C16H15NaO7
    Sodium (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate
    —— Thymidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), trisodium salt 95648-78-5 C30H45N6Na3O33P6
    Thymidine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), trisodium salt
    —— (1)-Amino(2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid 84145-28-8 C8H10FNO2
    (1)-Amino(2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid
    —— 5-Methylcyclocytidine hydrochloride 51391-96-9 C10H14ClN3O4
    5-Methylcyclocytidine hydrochloride
    —— Lithium 3-methyl-2-[(methyl{[2-(propan-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}carbamoyl)amino]butanoate 201409-23-6 C14H22LiN3O3S
    Lithium 3-methyl-2-[(methyl{[2-(propan-2-yl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}carbamoyl)amino]butanoate
    —— sodium;(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroxyheptanoate 31138-65-5 C7H13NaO8
    sodium;(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydroxyheptanoate
    —— 3-[18-(2-Carboxylatoethyl)-8,13-bis(ethenyl)-3,7,12,17-tetramethylporphyrin-21,24-diid-2-yl]propanoate;iron(5+);hydrate 15489-90-4 C34H32FeN4O5+
    3-[18-(2-Carboxylatoethyl)-8,13-bis(ethenyl)-3,7,12,17-tetramethylporphyrin-21,24-diid-2-yl]propanoate;iron(5+);hydrate
    —— kahweol 6894-43-5 C20H26O3
    kahweol
    —— beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta,12beta,20E)-12-hydroxydammara-20(22),24-dien-3-yl 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- 186763-78-0 C42H70O12
    beta-D-Glucopyranoside, (3beta,12beta,20E)-12-hydroxydammara-20(22),24-dien-3-yl 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-
    —— (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 78285-90-2 C36H58O9
    (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-5-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid
    —— Hamamelofuranose 2'5'-digallate 469-32-9 C20H20O14
    Hamamelofuranose 2'5'-digallate
    —— D-Arginine amide dihydrochloride 203308-91-2 C6H17Cl2N5O
    D-Arginine amide dihydrochloride
    —— (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5'R,6S,7R,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16S,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 11024-24-1 C56H92O29
    (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5'R,6S,7R,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16S,18S)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (2S)-2-(1,3-dioxoisoindol-2-yl)-3-phenylpropanoate;ethyl acetate;rhodium(2+) 131219-55-1 C72H56N4O18Rh2
    (2S)-2-(1,3-dioxoisoindol-2-yl)-3-phenylpropanoate;ethyl acetate;rhodium(2+)
    —— D-methionine ethyl ester hydrochloride 7512-43-8 C7H15NO2S*ClH
    D-methionine ethyl ester hydrochloride
    —— (R)-2-(((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid hydrate 71449-08-6 C16H23NO7
    (R)-2-(((Benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)-4-(tert-butoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid hydrate
    —— Strophanthoside-K 33279-57-1 C42H64O19
    Strophanthoside-K
    —— 2-Methylbutan-2-yl 2-acetamido-2-deoxyhexopyranoside 262849-66-1 C13H25NO6
    2-Methylbutan-2-yl 2-acetamido-2-deoxyhexopyranoside
    —— Potassium;[1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]sulfanylbut-3-enylideneamino] sulfate 3952-98-5 C10H16KNO9S2
    Potassium;[1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]sulfanylbut-3-enylideneamino] sulfate
    —— beta-D-Glucopyranoside, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(tetrahydro-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H,3H-furo(3,4-c)furan-1-yl)phenyl, (1S-(1alpha,3aalpha,4a,6aalpha))- 7374-79-0 C28H36O13
    beta-D-Glucopyranoside, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(tetrahydro-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1H,3H-furo(3,4-c)furan-1-yl)phenyl, (1S-(1alpha,3aalpha,4a,6aalpha))-
    —— Uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid trisodium salt 63700-19-6 C15H19N2Na3O18P2
    Uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid trisodium salt
    —— Magnesium dihydrogen di-DL-aspartate 1187-91-3 C4H8MgNO5+
    Magnesium dihydrogen di-DL-aspartate
    —— Einecs 302-746-5 94133-82-1 C5H8N2Na2O6
    Einecs 302-746-5
    —— d-Fructose, 1-(dihydrogen phosphate), disodium salt 71662-09-4 C6H11Na2O9P
    d-Fructose, 1-(dihydrogen phosphate), disodium salt
    —— 2-Acetamido-4-methylpentanoic acid;1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 141109-12-8 C28H40N2O7
    2-Acetamido-4-methylpentanoic acid;1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline
    —— (4R,7S,10S,13R,16S,19R)-13-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-19-((R)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanamido)-10-(4-aminobutyl)-16-benzyl-N-(1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl)-7-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosane-4-carboxamide 83150-76-9 C49H66N10O10S2
    (4R,7S,10S,13R,16S,19R)-13-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-19-((R)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanamido)-10-(4-aminobutyl)-16-benzyl-N-(1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl)-7-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosane-4-carboxamide
    —— Physalin A 23027-91-0 C28H30O10
    Physalin A
    —— Acomonine 509-18-2 C25H41NO7
    Acomonine
    —— (2R)-3-[(2S,8S)-2-[(E)-4-[(2S,2'R,4aS,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[1-hydroxy-3-[(2S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    (2R)-3-[(2S,8S)-2-[(E)-4-[(2S,2'R,4aS,6R,8aR)-4-hydroxy-2-[1-hydroxy-3-[(2S)-3-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-2-yl]butyl]-3-methylidenespiro[4a,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-6,5'-oxolane]-2'-yl]but-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-4-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-4-en-8-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid
    —— (2R,3R,4R)-2,3,4-Trihydroxy-5-oxopentyl dihydrogen phosphate, disodium salt 18265-46-8 C5H9Na2O8P
    (2R,3R,4R)-2,3,4-Trihydroxy-5-oxopentyl dihydrogen phosphate, disodium salt
    —— Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Phe(4-R-dihydroorotamido)-D-Phe(4-ureido)-Leu-Lys(iPr)-DL-Pro-D-Ala-NH2 214766-78-6 C82H103ClN18O16
    Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Phe(4-R-dihydroorotamido)-D-Phe(4-ureido)-Leu-Lys(iPr)-DL-Pro-D-Ala-NH2
    —— Pharmakon1600-01505436 81025-04-9 C12H24O11
    Pharmakon1600-01505436
    —— (R)-3-Amino-4-(3-benzothienyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride 331847-10-0 C12H14ClNO2S
    (R)-3-Amino-4-(3-benzothienyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride
    —— (R)-3-Amino-4-(4-iodophenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride 332061-76-4 C10H13ClINO2
    (R)-3-Amino-4-(4-iodophenyl)butanoic acid hydrochloride
    —— (3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one 72581-71-6 C25H22O10
    (3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one
    —— 1-(6-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxy-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid 1193383-09-3 C12H6ClF3N4O3
    1-(6-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxy-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid
    —— MG-132 1211877-36-9 C26H41N3O5
    MG-132