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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-formyl-histidine 15191-21-6 C7H9N3O3
    <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-formyl-histidine
    —— N<sup>im</sup>-trityl-L-histidine hydrochloride 32946-53-5 C25H23N3O2*ClH
    N<sup>im</sup>-trityl-L-histidine hydrochloride
    —— N-ε-D-Cbz-lysine 34404-32-5 C14H20N2O4
    N-ε-D-Cbz-lysine
    —— methyl (S)-3-<1-(1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl>-2-<(1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)amino>propionate 17791-51-4 C17H27N3O6
    methyl (S)-3-<1-(1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl>-2-<(1,1-dimethylethoxycarbonyl)amino>propionate
    —— L-histidinol dihydrochloride 1596-64-1 C6H11N3O*2ClH
    L-histidinol dihydrochloride
    —— N<sup>α</sup>,N<sup>im</sup>-Di-DNP-L-Histidin 3129-33-7 C18H13N7O10
    N<sup>α</sup>,N<sup>im</sup>-Di-DNP-L-Histidin
    —— BI-847325 1207293-36-4 C29H28N4O2
    BI-847325
    —— methyl 3,5-di-O-toluoyl-2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose 4330-34-1 C22H24O6
    methyl 3,5-di-O-toluoyl-2-deoxy-D-ribofuranose
    —— D-glucose 6-phosphate barium salt 58823-95-3 Ba*C6H11O9P
    D-glucose 6-phosphate barium salt
    —— 1-deoxy-1-nitro-D-ido-hexitol 96613-89-7 C6H13NO7
    1-deoxy-1-nitro-D-ido-hexitol
    —— D-guluronic acid 15769-56-9 C6H10O7
    D-guluronic acid
    —— c(RGDfK[N<sub>3</sub>]) 868845-09-4 C27H39N11O7
    c(RGDfK[N<sub>3</sub>])
    —— ([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)-D-phenylalanine 193807-58-8 C21H19NO4S
    ([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)-D-phenylalanine
    —— 4-methylcoumarin-7-yl α-L-idopyranoside 66901-41-5 C16H18O8
    4-methylcoumarin-7-yl α-L-idopyranoside
    —— 4-methylumbelliferyl tetra-N-acetyl-β-chitotetraoside 53643-14-4 C42H60N4O23
    4-methylumbelliferyl tetra-N-acetyl-β-chitotetraoside
    —— 11-Benzyl-7-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,5,7,11-tetrazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,6]trideca-1(9),5-dien-10-one 41276-02-2 C24H26N4O
    11-Benzyl-7-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]-2,5,7,11-tetrazatricyclo[7.4.0.02,6]trideca-1(9),5-dien-10-one
    —— N-{(1S,2R)-1-benzyl-3-[(3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl}-5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxamide 186392-65-4 C23H24ClN3O5
    N-{(1S,2R)-1-benzyl-3-[(3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl}-5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxamide
    —— Fmoc-(DL)-Trp-(5-F)-OH 138775-55-0 C26H21FN2O4
    Fmoc-(DL)-Trp-(5-F)-OH
    —— <i>O</i><sup>5'</sup>-(2-adenosin-5'-yloxy-1,2-dihydroxy-diphosphoryl)-riboflavin 146-14-5 C27H33N9O15P2
    <i>O</i><sup>5'</sup>-(2-adenosin-5'-yloxy-1,2-dihydroxy-diphosphoryl)-riboflavin
    —— FAD 146-14-5 C27H33N9O15P2
    FAD
    —— 3'-deoxy-adenosine 73-03-0 C10H13N5O3
    3'-deoxy-adenosine
    —— rimegepant 1289023-67-1 C28H28F2N6O3
    rimegepant
    —— artemotil 75887-54-6 C17H28O5
    artemotil
    —— (4S,4aS,5aR,12aR)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-7-[[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl]-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4H-tetracene-2-carboxamide,hydrochloride 1035979-44-2 C24H29N3O8*ClH
    (4S,4aS,5aR,12aR)-4-(dimethylamino)-1,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-7-[[methoxy(methyl)amino]methyl]-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4H-tetracene-2-carboxamide,hydrochloride
    —— 3β-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid 472-15-1 C30H48O3
    3β-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid
    —— betulinic acid 472-15-1 C30H48O3
    betulinic acid
    —— 3α-hydroxy-(19α<i>H</i>)-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid 472-15-1 C30H48O3
    3α-hydroxy-(19α<i>H</i>)-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid
    —— Epibetulinic acid 472-15-1 C30H48O3
    Epibetulinic acid
    —— Ccris 5723 25990-37-8 C27H30O7
    Ccris 5723
    —— [(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2R)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16Z,18R,19R,21R,23S,24Z,26Z,28Z,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate 162635-04-3 C56H87NO16
    [(1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2R)-2-[(1R,9S,12S,15R,16Z,18R,19R,21R,23S,24Z,26Z,28Z,30S,32S,35R)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate
    —— (1R,2R,5S,8S,9S,10S,11S,15S,18R)-9,10,15,18-tetrahydroxy-12,12-dimethyl-6-methylidene-17-oxapentacyclo[7.6.2.15,8.01,11.02,8]octadecan-7-one 28957-04-2 C20H28O6
    (1R,2R,5S,8S,9S,10S,11S,15S,18R)-9,10,15,18-tetrahydroxy-12,12-dimethyl-6-methylidene-17-oxapentacyclo[7.6.2.15,8.01,11.02,8]octadecan-7-one
    —— Sodium 2-(phosphonooxy)propane-1,3-bis(olate) 819-83-0 C3H7Na2O6P
    Sodium 2-(phosphonooxy)propane-1,3-bis(olate)
    —— (1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,21R,23S,24E,26E,28E,30S,32S,35R)-12-[(2R)-1-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-dimethylphosphoryloxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]propan-2-yl]-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone 572924-54-0 C53H84NO14P
    (1R,9S,12S,15R,16E,18R,21R,23S,24E,26E,28E,30S,32S,35R)-12-[(2R)-1-[(1S,3R,4R)-4-dimethylphosphoryloxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]propan-2-yl]-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraene-2,3,10,14,20-pentone
    —— SMCC-MDC 1228105-51-8 C51H66ClN5O16S
    SMCC-MDC
    —— oxysophoridine 54809-74-4 C15H24N2O2
    oxysophoridine
    —— N-benzyloxycarbonyl-O-t-butyl-L-serine 1676-75-1 C15H21NO5
    N-benzyloxycarbonyl-O-t-butyl-L-serine
    —— dehydrosoyasaponin I methyl ester 117210-13-6 C49H78O18
    dehydrosoyasaponin I methyl ester
    —— sinigrin 3952-98-5 C10H16NO9S2*K
    sinigrin
    —— (2-Methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-desoxy-β-D-glucopyranosid 6835-61-6 C22H27NO11
    (2-Methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)-2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-desoxy-β-D-glucopyranosid
    —— vitexin 3681-93-4 C21H20O10
    vitexin
    —— 2,19-methano-3,7:4,1-dimetheno-1H,11H-14,10,2,9,11,17-benzoxathiatetraazacyclodocosine-8,18(9H,15H)-dione, 27-cyclohexyl-12,13,16,17-tetrahydro-22-methoxy-11,17-dimethyl-, 10,10-dioxide 1204416-97-6 C32H38N4O6S
    2,19-methano-3,7:4,1-dimetheno-1H,11H-14,10,2,9,11,17-benzoxathiatetraazacyclodocosine-8,18(9H,15H)-dione, 27-cyclohexyl-12,13,16,17-tetrahydro-22-methoxy-11,17-dimethyl-, 10,10-dioxide
    —— <i>N</i>-phenylmethanesulfonyl-DL-alanine 99076-56-9 C10H13NO4S
    <i>N</i>-phenylmethanesulfonyl-DL-alanine
    —— 1,2-Dimethyl pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate 73689-73-3 C8H13NO4
    1,2-Dimethyl pyrrolidine-1,2-dicarboxylate
    —— β-ecdysterone 5289-74-7 C27H44O7
    β-ecdysterone
    —— Coronatasterone 5289-74-7 C27H44O7
    Coronatasterone
    —— 2β,3β,14,20,22β<sub>F</sub>,25-hexahydroxy-(5β)-cholest-7-en-6-one 5289-74-7 C27H44O7
    2β,3β,14,20,22β<sub>F</sub>,25-hexahydroxy-(5β)-cholest-7-en-6-one
    —— 20-hydroxyecdysone 5289-74-7 C27H44O7
    20-hydroxyecdysone
    —— 5-alpha-20-Hydroxyecdysone 5289-74-7 C27H44O7
    5-alpha-20-Hydroxyecdysone
    —— Cholest-7-en-6-one, 2,3,14,20,22,25-hexahydroxy-, (2a,3b,5b,22R)- 5289-74-7 C27H44O7
    Cholest-7-en-6-one, 2,3,14,20,22,25-hexahydroxy-, (2a,3b,5b,22R)-
    —— Boc-Trans-4-Aminocyclohexanol 111300-06-2 C11H21NO3
    Boc-Trans-4-Aminocyclohexanol