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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (2E,4E)-5-[(7R,8S)-7-Hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82601-41-0 C21H26O7
    (2E,4E)-5-[(7R,8S)-7-Hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— (2E,4E)-5-[(7S)-7-acetyloxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid 82508-31-4 C23H28O8
    (2E,4E)-5-[(7S)-7-acetyloxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-9-methyl-11-oxo-10-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.01,7]tridec-3-en-9-yl]-2-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid
    —— Pseudolaric acid-A 82508-32-5 C22H28O6
    Pseudolaric acid-A
    —— Griffonin 63492-69-3 C14H19NO8
    Griffonin
    —— 30-ethyl-33-[(E,1S,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylhex-4-enyl]-1,4,7,10,12,15,19,25,28-nonamethyl-6,9,18,24-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-3,21-di(propan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-undecazacyclotritriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecone 59865-13-3 C62H111N11O12
    30-ethyl-33-[(E,1S,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylhex-4-enyl]-1,4,7,10,12,15,19,25,28-nonamethyl-6,9,18,24-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-3,21-di(propan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-undecazacyclotritriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecone
    —— (1S,4E,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,8R,10S,11R,12R,14R,15R,16S,18E,20E,22S,25R,27S,28R,29S)-22-ethyl-7,11,15-trihydroxy-6'-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethylspiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-oxane]-3,9,13-trione 11052-72-5 C45H74O10
    (1S,4E,5'R,6R,6'R,7S,8R,10S,11R,12R,14R,15R,16S,18E,20E,22S,25R,27S,28R,29S)-22-ethyl-7,11,15-trihydroxy-6'-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5',6,8,10,12,14,16,28,29-nonamethylspiro[2,26-dioxabicyclo[23.3.1]nonacosa-4,18,20-triene-27,2'-oxane]-3,9,13-trione
    —— Levatin 140670-84-4 C19H20O5
    Levatin
    —— Rheasmin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosid 38963-94-9 C16H22O7
    Rheasmin-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosid
    —— trans-Urocanate 104-98-3 C6H5N2O2-
    trans-Urocanate
    —— 3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-1,2-dideoxy-D-arabino-hex-1-enopyranose 55628-54-1 C27H28O4
    3,4,6-Tri-O-benzyl-1,2-dideoxy-D-arabino-hex-1-enopyranose
    —— Rhapontin; 3,5,3'-Trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-stilben-3-β-D-glucosid 155-58-8 C21H24O9
    Rhapontin; 3,5,3'-Trihydroxy-4'-methoxy-stilben-3-β-D-glucosid
    —— chebulinic acid 18942-26-2 C41H32O27
    chebulinic acid
    —— chebulagic acid 23094-71-5 C41H30O27
    chebulagic acid
    —— Rhapontizin 155-58-8 C21H24O9
    Rhapontizin
    —— rhaponticin 155-58-8 C21H24O9
    rhaponticin
    —— Romurtide 78113-36-7 C43H78N6O13
    Romurtide
    —— 1, Acanthifolicin deriv. 78111-17-8 C44H68O13
    1, Acanthifolicin deriv.
    —— (4Z,12E)-19-benzyl-15-hydroxy-10,17-dimethyl-16-methylidene-2-oxa-20-azatricyclo[12.7.0.01,18]henicosa-4,12-diene-3,7,21-trione 14110-64-6 C29H35NO5
    (4Z,12E)-19-benzyl-15-hydroxy-10,17-dimethyl-16-methylidene-2-oxa-20-azatricyclo[12.7.0.01,18]henicosa-4,12-diene-3,7,21-trione
    —— FK-506 (Tacrolimus) 104987-11-3 C44H69NO12
    FK-506 (Tacrolimus)
    —— 4-amino-N-(3-methyl-1-((6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxamide 1527517-50-5 C22H19N7OS
    4-amino-N-(3-methyl-1-((6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl)-1H-indazol-4-yl)thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxamide
    —— tenovin-6 1011301-29-3 C25H34N4O2S*ClH
    tenovin-6
    —— 3-epimaytansinol 57103-68-1 C28H37ClN2O8
    3-epimaytansinol
    —— Methyl 2-[(1S,2R,3R,4R,7S,11R,15R,16R,17R,18S,21S,22R,32R,35S)-2,16,17,35-tetraacetyloxy-21,34-dihydroxy-7,21,22,32,34-pentamethyl-6,10,12,20,29-pentaoxo-5,13,19,30,33-pentaoxa-26-azahexacyclo[16.15.1.14,15.01,15.03,32.023,28]pentatriaconta-23(28),24,26-trien-11-yl]acetate 168009-85-6 C45H55NO22
    Methyl 2-[(1S,2R,3R,4R,7S,11R,15R,16R,17R,18S,21S,22R,32R,35S)-2,16,17,35-tetraacetyloxy-21,34-dihydroxy-7,21,22,32,34-pentamethyl-6,10,12,20,29-pentaoxo-5,13,19,30,33-pentaoxa-26-azahexacyclo[16.15.1.14,15.01,15.03,32.023,28]pentatriaconta-23(28),24,26-trien-11-yl]acetate
    —— Maytanasinol 57103-68-1 C28H37ClN2O8
    Maytanasinol
    —— c(RGDyK) 1331910-33-8 C50H76N14O12S
    c(RGDyK)
    —— methionylalanine 3061-96-9 C8H16N2O3S
    methionylalanine
    —— H-Ile-Asn-Trp-Lys-Gly-DL-Ile-Ala-Ala-Met-Ala-Lys-Lys-Leu-Leu-NH2 72093-22-2 C73H126N20O15S
    H-Ile-Asn-Trp-Lys-Gly-DL-Ile-Ala-Ala-Met-Ala-Lys-Lys-Leu-Leu-NH2
    —— N-[(2S)-1-[[(2R)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[methyl(3-methylbutyl)amino]propanoyl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide 150351-90-9 C30H36N6O3
    N-[(2S)-1-[[(2R)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[methyl(3-methylbutyl)amino]propanoyl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide
    —— HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor 544467-07-4 C11H9N3O4
    HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor
    —— (E)-N-(4-Benzylpiperazin-1-Yl)-1-(3,5-Dimethyl-1-Phenyl-1h-Pyrazol-4-Yl)methanimine 304909-07-7 C23H27N5
    (E)-N-(4-Benzylpiperazin-1-Yl)-1-(3,5-Dimethyl-1-Phenyl-1h-Pyrazol-4-Yl)methanimine
    —— S-Neoral 59865-13-3 C62H111N11O12
    S-Neoral
    —— Pro-Val-Thr-Leu-OMe 133463-25-9 C21H38N4O6
    Pro-Val-Thr-Leu-OMe
    —— (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one monophosphate 1642303-38-5 C29H26FN7O*H3O4P
    (6aR,9aS)-5,6a,7,8,9,9a-hexahydro-5-methyl-3-(phenylamino)-2-((4-(6-fluoropyridin-2-yl)phenyl)methyl)-cyclopent[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyrimidin-4(2H)-one monophosphate
    —— Methyl 12-methoxy-13-(17-methoxy-17-oxovobasan-3alpha-yl)ibogamine-18-carboxylate 3371-85-5 C43H52N4O5
    Methyl 12-methoxy-13-(17-methoxy-17-oxovobasan-3alpha-yl)ibogamine-18-carboxylate
    —— Raphanin 2404-46-8 C6H9NOS2
    Raphanin
    —— [(4aR,7R,7aR)-6-[6-(butanoylamino)purin-9-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-yl] butanoate 362-74-3 C18H24N5O8P
    [(4aR,7R,7aR)-6-[6-(butanoylamino)purin-9-yl]-2-hydroxy-2-oxo-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2]dioxaphosphinin-7-yl] butanoate
    —— Fmoc-D-Styrylalanine 215190-23-1 C26H23NO4
    Fmoc-D-Styrylalanine
    —— ((2-ethylbutanoyl)oxy)methyl (R)-2-hydroxy-3-propionamido-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,2]oxaborinine-8-carboxylate 1842399-68-1 C19H26BNO7
    ((2-ethylbutanoyl)oxy)methyl (R)-2-hydroxy-3-propionamido-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[e][1,2]oxaborinine-8-carboxylate
    —— 5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 131573-90-5 C32H38O19
    5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— Dabcyl-ice-edans 161877-70-9 C61H76N12O14S
    Dabcyl-ice-edans
    —— 5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 135095-52-2 C33H40O20
    5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
    —— Bromochlorophenol Blue, water soluble 102185-52-4 C19H9Br2Cl2O5S-
    Bromochlorophenol Blue, water soluble
    —— 2-Amino-bicyclo<2.2.2>octan 20643-57-6 C8H15N
    2-Amino-bicyclo<2.2.2>octan
    —— [(E)-6-[3,16-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,13,14-tetramethyl-11-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxohept-3-en-2-yl] acetate 5988-76-1 C32H48O8
    [(E)-6-[3,16-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,13,14-tetramethyl-11-oxo-1,2,3,7,8,10,12,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-oxohept-3-en-2-yl] acetate
    —— 1-Azetidinethiocarboxylic acid, (1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene)hydrazide 71555-25-4 C11H14N4S
    1-Azetidinethiocarboxylic acid, (1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene)hydrazide
    —— roquefortine 58735-64-1 C22H23N5O2
    roquefortine
    —— (16Z,18Z)-11-chloro-6,21-dihydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaene-8,23-dione 57103-68-1 C28H37ClN2O8
    (16Z,18Z)-11-chloro-6,21-dihydroxy-12,20-dimethoxy-2,5,9,16-tetramethyl-4,24-dioxa-9,22-diazatetracyclo[19.3.1.110,14.03,5]hexacosa-10,12,14(26),16,18-pentaene-8,23-dione
    —— [4-[2-[(16Z,24Z,26Z,28Z)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate 162635-04-3 C56H87NO16
    [4-[2-[(16Z,24Z,26Z,28Z)-1,18-dihydroxy-19,30-dimethoxy-15,17,21,23,29,35-hexamethyl-2,3,10,14,20-pentaoxo-11,36-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[30.3.1.04,9]hexatriaconta-16,24,26,28-tetraen-12-yl]propyl]-2-methoxycyclohexyl] 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoate
    —— Sucroferric oxyhydroxide 8047-67-4 C12H29Fe5Na2O23
    Sucroferric oxyhydroxide
    —— N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-vinyl glycine 91028-39-6 C9H15NO4
    N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-vinyl glycine