生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一,它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识,涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程,同时也是生物技术的一个分支,并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力,实现产业化和商品化。
生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料,通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。
该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期,标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期,转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究,推动了学科进入新的发展阶段,并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期,在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下,生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。
目前,生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生,而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示,截至2011年,全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元,并展现出巨大的经济潜力。
随着人们对环保要求日益提高,生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此,各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣,生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志,尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步,人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内,美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍,并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | (2R)-2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-thiophen-2-ylpropanoate | 78452-55-8 | C12H16NO4S- |
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—— | 4-Methyl-3,17-dioxo-androsten-4 | 566-48-3 | C20H28O2 |
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—— | Eosin b(2-) | 56360-46-4 | C20H6Br2N2O9-2 |
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—— | 1,2-Pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl) ester, (2S)- | 15761-39-4 | C10H16NO4 |
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—— | Leupeptin cation | 55123-66-5 | C20H39N6O4+ |
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—— | (2R,3S)-3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-N-((3S)-9-fluoro-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl)-2-(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)succinamide | 1584713-87-0 | C26H26F4N4O3 |
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—— | 4-Methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate | 21414-41-5 | C12H23NO10S3 |
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—— | (S)-N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl β-Tyr | 329013-12-9 | C14H19NO5 |
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—— | (-)-(A-b)-8β-acetoxy-14α-benzoyloxy-N-ethyl-13β,15α-dihydroxy-1α,6α,16β,18-tetramethoxyaconitane | 3175-95-9 | C34H47NO10 |
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—— | Azamin 4B | 992-59-6 | C34H28N6NaO6S2+ |
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—— | 3alpha,20alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane | 80-92-2 | C21H36O2 |
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—— | [(E,2S)-5-[[(2R,5S,6S)-6-[(2E,4E)-5-[(4R,5R,7S)-4,7-dihydroxy-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[2.5]octan-5-yl]-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienyl]-2,5-dimethyloxan-3-yl]amino]-5-oxopent-3-en-2-yl] acetate | 146478-72-0 | C27H41NO8 |
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—— | ATN-161 | 262438-43-7 | C23H35N9O8S |
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—— | [(1S,3R,4R,6R,8S,9S,10R,11R,14R,15R,17S)-4,10,15,17-tetrahydroxy-5,5,10,15-tetramethyl-7-oxapentacyclo[12.2.1.01,11.04,9.06,8]heptadecan-3-yl] acetate | 26116-89-2 | C22H34O7 |
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—— | [(1S,3R,4R,6R,8S,9S,10R,11R,14R,15R,17S)-3,4,10,15-tetrahydroxy-5,5,10,15-tetramethyl-7-oxapentacyclo[12.2.1.01,11.04,9.06,8]heptadecan-17-yl] acetate | 37720-86-8 | C22H34O7 |
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—— | Ceralasertib | 1352226-88-0 | C20H24N6O2S |
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—— | H-2Nal-Cys(1)-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys(1)-Thr-NH2 | 108736-35-2 | C54H69N11O10S2 |
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—— | (3R,6R,9R,15R,18R,21R,24R,30R)-30-ethyl-33-[(E,2S)-1-hydroxy-2-methylhex-4-enyl]-1,4,7,10,12,15,19,25,28-nonamethyl-6,9,18,24-tetrakis(2-methylpropyl)-3,21-di(propan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-undecazacyclotritriacontane-2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-undecone | 59865-13-3 | C62H111N11O12 |
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—— | cyclo[Abu-Sar-D-N(Me)Leu-Val-N(Me)Leu-Ala-D-Ala-N(Me)Leu-N(Me)Leu-N(Me)Val-N(Me)Bmt(E)] | 59865-13-3 | C62H111N11O12 |
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—— | (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 52286-74-5 | C42H72O13 |
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—— | α-zingiberene | 495-60-3 | C15H24 |
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—— | (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S)-4-[(1R,2S,4S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,16S,18R)-16-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,4S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosan-6-yl]-2-methylbutoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 136656-07-0 | C45H76O19 |
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—— | 3-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2S,3S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 55804-74-5 | C33H40O19 |
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—— | (2S,3S,4R,5S)-2-(2-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol | 4546-54-7 | C10H13N5O4 |
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—— | (2S)-5-acetamido-2,4-dihydroxy-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)oxane-2-carboxylic acid | 131-48-6 | C11H19NO9 |
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—— | Avermectin A1a, 25-cyclohexyl-4'-O-de(2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methyl--L-arabino-hexopyranosyl)-5-demethoxy-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-22,23-dihydro-5-(hydroxyimino)- | 165108-07-6 | C43H63NO11 |
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—— | [(1S,2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,9R,10S,13R,14R,16S,17S,18R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7,14-trihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 2752-64-9 | C33H45NO11 |
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—— | (1R,3S,6R,7S,8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,16S,17R)-8-tert-butyl-6,9,17-trihydroxy-16-methyl-2,4,14,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[8.7.2.01,11.03,7.07,11.013,17]nonadecane-5,15,18-trione | 107438-79-9 | C20H24O10 |
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—— | Fabiatrin | 18309-73-4 | C21H26O13 |
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—— | (3R,5R)-1,4-bis[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-3,5-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid | 1182-34-9 | C25H24O12 |
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—— | alpha-D-Lactose monohydrate, ACS | 64044-51-5 | C12H22O11.H2O |
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—— | (1E,4E)-2,6,6,9-tetramethylcycloundeca-1,4,8-triene | 6753-98-6 | C15H24 |
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—— | (all-E)-Crocetin | 27876-94-4 | C20H24O4 |
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—— | (1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,13R,16S,18R,21S,23R,26S,28R,31S,33R,37S,39S,41S,43S,45S,47S,49S)-5,10,15,20,25,30,35-heptakis(hydroxymethyl)-2,4,7,9,12,14,17,19,22,24,27,29,32,34-tetradecaoxaoctacyclo[31.2.2.23,6.28,11.213,16.218,21.223,26.228,31]nonatetracontane-36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49-tetradecol | 7585-39-9 | C42H70O35 |
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—— | (+)-epi-syringaresinol di-O-β-D-glucoside | 79484-75-6 | C34H46O18 |
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—— | Crocein Orange G | 1934-20-9 | C16H11N2O4S*Na |
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—— | Rhodojaponin V | 37720-86-8 | C22H34O7 |
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—— | hederacolchiside E | 33783-82-3 | C65H106O30 |
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—— | Tetrasodium guanosine triphosphate | 36051-31-7 | C10H12N5Na4O14P3 |
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—— | (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13S,15R,16R)-3,15-dihydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosane-6,2'-oxane]-16-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 11024-24-1 | C56H92O29 |
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—— | (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2R,5R,7S,10R,11R,14R,15S,16S,18S,20S)-16-hydroxy-2,6,6,10,16-pentamethyl-18-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-19,21-dioxahexacyclo[18.2.1.01,14.02,11.05,10.015,20]tricosan-7-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 55466-04-1 | C58H94O26 |
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—— | [(1S,2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,10R,13R,14R,16S,17S,18R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7,14-trihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 2752-64-9 | C33H45NO11 |
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—— | (1S,2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,10R,13R,14R,16S,17S,18R)-11-ethyl-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,5,7,8,14-pentol | 509-20-6 | C25H41NO9 |
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—— | (3S,5R)-4-[(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,5R,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-2,3,14-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,4,5,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]butyl]-3,5-dimethyloxolan-2-one | 17086-76-9 | C29H44O8 |
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—— | (1R,6R,7S,8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,16S,17R)-8-tert-butyl-6,9,17-trihydroxy-16-methyl-2,4,14,19-tetraoxahexacyclo[8.7.2.01,11.03,7.07,11.013,17]nonadecane-5,15,18-trione | 107438-79-9 | C20H24O10 |
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—— | [(1S,2R,3R,4R,5R,6S,7S,8R,10R,13S,16S,17R,18R)-8-acetyloxy-5,7-dihydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | 6900-87-4 | C33H45NO10 |
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—— | (1S,5R,8R,11R,14S,16R)-7-ethyl-5-methyl-12-methylidene-7-azahexacyclo[7.6.2.210,13.01,8.05,16.010,15]nonadecane-11,14-diol | 1354-84-3 | C22H33NO2 |
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—— | (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(1S,2S,4S,8S,9S,12S,13R,16S)-7,9,13-trimethyl-6-[(3R)-3-methyl-4-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybutyl]-5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-6,18-dien-16-yl]oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 102115-79-7 | C51H82O21 |
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—— | Peptide yy human | 118997-30-1 | C194H295N55O57 |
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—— | (1S,4Z,12S,13R)-5,10-dimethyl-8,14,16-trioxatetracyclo[10.2.2.01,13.07,11]hexadeca-4,7(11),9-trien-15-one | 13476-25-0 | C15H16O4 |
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