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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工

    生物化工

    生物化工是21世纪的重要支柱产业之一，它结合了生物、化学和工程学的交叉学科知识，涵盖了生物化学工程与生物加工工程，同时也是生物技术的一个分支，并且被认为是化学工程前沿领域的一部分。其核心功能在于将生物技术转化为生产力，实现产业化和商品化。

    生物化工产品主要以动物、植物及微生物为原料，通过生物化学工程、物理或化学的方法进行加工而成。这类产品广泛应用于医药、食品、饲料、基础有机化工原料、有机酸以及生物农药等多个领域。

    该学科起源于第二次世界大战时期，标志性的事件是抗生素的深层发酵与大规模生产技术的研究。20世纪60年代末至80年代中期，转基因技术、生物催化与转化技术、动植物细胞培养技术、新型生物反应器和分离技术等的成功开发与研究，推动了学科进入新的发展阶段，并逐步完善了学科体系。进入20世纪后期，在以基因工程为代表的高新技术迅速崛起的背景下，生物化工迎来了更加广阔的发展空间。

    目前，生物化工产品广泛涉及医药卫生、农林牧渔、轻工食品、化工能源及环境保护等众多领域。它不仅促进了传统产业的升级和新兴产业的诞生，而且对人类社会产生了深远的影响。据数据显示，截至2011年，全球生物高技术产品的销售额已达到1129.3亿美元，并展现出巨大的经济潜力。

    随着人们对环保要求日益提高，生物化工产品因其绿色环保特性而受到广泛关注。因此，各国政府和科研人员对该领域表现出浓厚兴趣，生物化工已成为当今世界高科技竞争的重要热点之一。其发展水平被视为衡量一个国家科技实力的标志，尤其是随着生命科学领域的迅速进步，人类对更多生物高技术产品的需求日益增加。预计在未来十年内，美欧等发达国家的生物高技术产业将增长10至20倍，并相应地带动生物化工产品的快速提升。

    下级分类

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— Collettinside IV 19083-00-2 C45H72O17
    Collettinside IV
    —— 2-amino-9-(<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>5</sup>-triacetyl-ξ-<i>D</i>-xylofuranosyl)-1,9-dihydro-purin-6-one 6979-94-8 C16H19N5O8
    2-amino-9-(<i>O</i><sup>2</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>3</sup>,<i>O</i><sup>5</sup>-triacetyl-ξ-<i>D</i>-xylofuranosyl)-1,9-dihydro-purin-6-one
    —— HCl*H-Leu<sub>2</sub>-OBn 77167-53-4 C19H30N2O3
    HCl*H-Leu<sub>2</sub>-OBn
    —— oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-deglucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside 103956-33-8 C47H76O16
    oleanolic acid 3-O-[β-deglucopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-α-L-arabinopyranoside
    —— D-Fructose-1,6-diphoshate calcium salt 126-34-1 C6H10O12P2*2Ca
    D-Fructose-1,6-diphoshate calcium salt
    —— 2,3:4,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid 68539-16-2 C12H20O8
    2,3:4,6-Di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gulonic acid
    —— 1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-aminium 148214-90-8 C9H19N2O3+
    1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-4-hydroxypyrrolidin-3-aminium
    —— ginsenoside Rc 11021-14-0 C53H90O22
    ginsenoside Rc
    —— Mito-TEMPO 1334850-99-5 C29H36ClN2O2P
    Mito-TEMPO
    —— Gymnorhizol 508-04-3 C30H50O
    Gymnorhizol
    —— ginsenoside Rb2 11021-13-9 C53H90O22
    ginsenoside Rb2
    —— trans-(3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-tetralone 1220891-22-4 C10H10O3
    trans-(3S,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-tetralone
    —— leontoside B 17233-22-6 C41H66O13
    leontoside B
    —— (1S,3R,4S,5R)-3-{[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl]oxy}-4-[4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-en-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-1-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid 32451-88-0 C27H28O10
    (1S,3R,4S,5R)-3-{[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl]oxy}-4-[4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxobut-3-en-1-yl]-5-hydroxy-1-methylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— Marinobufagenin 470-42-8 C24H32O5
    Marinobufagenin
    —— (9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-acetic acid 678988-18-6 C23H18FNO4
    (9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonylamino)-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-acetic acid
    —— (2R)-2-amino-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid hydrochloride 122839-50-3 C10H10F3NO2*ClH
    (2R)-2-amino-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid hydrochloride
    —— Adynerin 35109-93-4 C30H44O7
    Adynerin
    —— (25S)-spirost-5-ene-1β,3β-diol 1-O-<O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 <*> 2)-β-D-fucopyranoside> 38971-41-4 C39H62O12
    (25S)-spirost-5-ene-1β,3β-diol 1-O-<O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 <*> 2)-β-D-fucopyranoside>
    —— 7-methyl-guanosinium 22164-16-5 C11H17N5O5
    7-methyl-guanosinium
    —— 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxitrityl)-3'-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-1-methylpseudouridine 3'-O-caynoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidate 875302-47-9 C46H63N4O9PSi
    5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxitrityl)-3'-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-1-methylpseudouridine 3'-O-caynoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidate
    —— ponceau BS 4196-99-0 C22H14N4O7S2*2Na
    ponceau BS
    —— galactitol; dulcitol 12441-09-7 C6H14O6*OPb
    galactitol; dulcitol
    —— (2R)-2-{[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid 753030-79-4 C21H21NO4S
    (2R)-2-{[(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
    —— (2R)-3-Amino-4-(2-bromophenyl)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)butanoic acid 765263-36-3 C15H20BrNO4
    (2R)-3-Amino-4-(2-bromophenyl)-2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)butanoic acid
    —— b-D-Glucopyranoside, (3b,6a,12b,24S)-20,24-epoxy-3,12,25-trihydroxydammaran-6-yl 98474-77-2 C36H62O10
    b-D-Glucopyranoside, (3b,6a,12b,24S)-20,24-epoxy-3,12,25-trihydroxydammaran-6-yl
    —— D-allo-[2]heptulose 654-29-5 C7H14O7
    D-allo-[2]heptulose
    —— (Des-Gly10,D-His2,D-His(Bzl)6,Pro-NHEt9)-LHRH 134009-10-2 C66H86N18O12
    (Des-Gly10,D-His2,D-His(Bzl)6,Pro-NHEt9)-LHRH
    —— <i>N</i>-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine 3919-02-6 C14H18N2O3
    <i>N</i>-L-prolyl-L-phenylalanine
    —— FMN-Na;Riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium;Vitamin B2 Phosphate Sodium Salt 6184-17-4 C17H24N4NaO11P
    FMN-Na;Riboflavin 5'-phosphate sodium;Vitamin B2 Phosphate Sodium Salt
    —— Methyl-b-cyclodextrin 128446-36-6 C54H94O35
    Methyl-b-cyclodextrin
    —— Norpseudotropanol 501-33-7 C7H13NO
    Norpseudotropanol
    —— Norepinephrine d-bitartrate 69815-49-2 C12H19NO10
    Norepinephrine d-bitartrate
    —— [(4R)-5-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentyl]-(diaminomethylidene)azanium 80448-90-4 C69H116N23O13+
    [(4R)-5-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentyl]-(diaminomethylidene)azanium
    —— Benzenebutanoic acid,2-bromo-b-[[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]-,(bR)- 788149-96-2 C25H22BrNO4
    Benzenebutanoic acid,2-bromo-b-[[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino]-,(bR)-
    —— Lysyl-glutaminsaeure 19908-05-5 C11H21N3O5
    Lysyl-glutaminsaeure
    —— Peimisin 19773-24-1 C27H41NO3
    Peimisin
    —— <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-phosphono-D-gluconic acid ; trisodium-compound 53411-70-4 C6H10O10P*3Na
    <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-phosphono-D-gluconic acid ; trisodium-compound
    —— ((2R,3R,4S)-3-(benzoyloxy)-5-bromo-4-fluorotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl benzoate 97614-44-3 C19H16BrFO5
    ((2R,3R,4S)-3-(benzoyloxy)-5-bromo-4-fluorotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl benzoate
    —— 7-Azatryptophan monohydrate 1137-00-4 C10H13N3O3
    7-Azatryptophan monohydrate
    —— C.I. Mordant Orange 1 1718-34-9 C13H9N3NaO5+
    C.I. Mordant Orange 1
    —— Glycyl-L-proline 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrobromide 115035-46-6 C17H20BrN3O4
    Glycyl-L-proline 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin hydrobromide
    —— Tetralithium-4-thiouridin-5'-triphophat 20188-72-1 C9H11N2O14P3S*4Li
    Tetralithium-4-thiouridin-5'-triphophat
    —— dipotassium;(2S)-2-aminobutanedioate;hydron 14434-35-6 C8H12K2N2O8
    dipotassium;(2S)-2-aminobutanedioate;hydron
    —— Chrome Red 3618-63-1 C20H16N4NaO5S+
    Chrome Red
    —— DL-Alanosine 5854-93-3 C3H7N3O4
    DL-Alanosine
    —— Pure Blue 2610-05-1 C34H28N6NaO16S4+
    Pure Blue
    —— (2S,4S,5S)-2-(4-aminoimidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol 9013-34-7 C11H14N4O4
    (2S,4S,5S)-2-(4-aminoimidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-1-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
    —— (3R,4R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(3S,4S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol 9005-84-9 C12H22O11
    (3R,4R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(3S,4S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (1R,3S,5S)-3-{6-[(3R)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl]-1-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl}-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol 2417489-10-0 C21H26N6O3
    (1R,3S,5S)-3-{6-[(3R)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl]-1-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-4-yl}-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-ol