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    首页 分子通 按分子结构分类 有机化合物 苯类化合物 酚类

    酚类

    酚类是一大类化合物，它们主要特征是分子中含有一个羟基（-OH）直接连接在苯环上。这类化合物广泛存在于自然界中，并且具有重要的生物、医药及工业应用价值。

    结构与分类

    酚类化合物的基本结构为苯环上的氧原子与羟基相连。根据羟基的位置不同，可将酚分为单酚和多酚两大类：

    • 单酚：每个分子仅有一个酚羟基。
    • 多酚：含有两个或多个酚羟基的化合物。
    生物学意义
    1. 天然来源：酚广泛存在于植物、动物以及微生物中，如咖啡因中的茶酚、儿茶素等。
    2. 抗氧化作用：许多酚类物质具有较强的抗氧化性，能够清除体内的自由基，保护细胞免受氧化损伤。
    3. 抗菌活性：部分酚类化合物展示出显著的抗菌效果，可用于食品保鲜或开发抗生素。
    工业应用
    1. 农药和杀虫剂：利用某些酚类化合物对特定昆虫的选择性毒性进行害虫控制。
    2. 染料工业：许多天然及合成染料都基于酚结构设计而成。
    3. 医药领域：作为原料或药物成分，例如阿司匹林的核心成分水杨酸就属于苯酚衍生物。
    工业生产

    酚类可以通过多种途径制备：

    • 通过煤焦油蒸馏或石油裂解得到的粗酚进行精炼获得。
    • 以苯或其他芳烃为原料，在催化剂作用下与水反应生成苯酚，此过程称为菲林斯勒反应（Fischer–Strassmann反应）。
    注意事项

    尽管酚类化合物具有广泛的应用前景，但它们也可能带来毒性问题。例如强酸性的酚类物质会对皮肤造成刺激甚至腐蚀。因此在使用时需注意安全防护措施。

    以上是对酚类的简单介绍，涵盖了其基本定义、生物学意义及工业应用等方面的内容。

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (3Z)-6-fluoro-3-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]thiochromen-4-one —— C18H15FO4S
    (3Z)-6-fluoro-3-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)methylidene]thiochromen-4-one
    —— (3Z)-6-fluoro-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]thiochromen-4-one —— C16H10FNO4S
    (3Z)-6-fluoro-3-[(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)methylidene]thiochromen-4-one
    —— (E)-2-cyano-N-[4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-enamide —— C18H13N3O3S2
    (E)-2-cyano-N-[4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-3-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)prop-2-enamide
    —— 5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzylidene)-2-piperidin-1-yl-thiazol-4-one 58215-60-4 C16H17BrN2O3S
    5-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-benzylidene)-2-piperidin-1-yl-thiazol-4-one
    —— (4E)-4-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-18-thia-2,9-diazatetracyclo[9.7.0.03,9.012,17]octadeca-1(11),2,12(17)-trien-10-one —— C23H24N2O3S
    (4E)-4-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-18-thia-2,9-diazatetracyclo[9.7.0.03,9.012,17]octadeca-1(11),2,12(17)-trien-10-one
    —— (10E)-5-ethyl-10-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-6-thia-1,8-diazatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-3(7),4,8-trien-2-one —— C19H18N2O3S
    (10E)-5-ethyl-10-[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-6-thia-1,8-diazatricyclo[7.3.0.03,7]dodeca-3(7),4,8-trien-2-one
    —— (2Z,5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutylidene)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C18H20ClNO4S
    (2Z,5Z)-5-[(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutylidene)-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2Z,5Z)-2-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutylidene)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C19H23NO3S
    (2Z,5Z)-2-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutylidene)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2Z,5E)-2-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutylidene)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one —— C17H19NO3S
    (2Z,5E)-2-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutylidene)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
    —— (2R)-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylimino]-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)propanenitrile —— C14H12N4O3S
    (2R)-3-[(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methylimino]-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)propanenitrile
    —— ethyl (E)-2-cyano-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyanilino)prop-2-enoate —— C13H14N2O4
    ethyl (E)-2-cyano-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyanilino)prop-2-enoate
    —— (E)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)prop-2-enenitrile —— C13H10N4O3S
    (E)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-nitroanilino)-2-(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)prop-2-enenitrile
    —— ethyl (E)-2-cyano-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methylanilino)prop-2-enoate —— C13H14N2O3
    ethyl (E)-2-cyano-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methylanilino)prop-2-enoate
    —— (3R)-1-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-3-sulfonic acid —— C13H13NO8S
    (3R)-1-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-3-sulfonic acid
    —— 3-cyclopropyl-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]thiourea —— C16H22N2O2S
    3-cyclopropyl-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]thiourea
    —— 3-benzyl-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]thiourea —— C20H24N2O2S
    3-benzyl-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]thiourea
    —— 1-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-methylthiourea —— C14H16N2O2S
    1-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-methylthiourea
    —— 1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-3-(2-phenylethyl)thiourea —— C21H26N2O2S
    1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-3-(2-phenylethyl)thiourea
    —— 3-benzyl-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]thiourea —— C20H24N2O2S
    3-benzyl-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]thiourea
    —— 3-cyclopropyl-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]thiourea —— C16H22N2O2S
    3-cyclopropyl-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2S)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]thiourea
    —— 3-Ethyl-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]thiourea —— C15H18N2O2S
    3-Ethyl-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]thiourea
    —— 1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-3-(2-phenylethyl)thiourea —— C21H26N2O2S
    1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-1-[[(2R)-oxolan-2-yl]methyl]-3-(2-phenylethyl)thiourea
    —— 1-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(2-phenylethyl)thiourea —— C21H22N2O2S
    1-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(2-phenylethyl)thiourea
    —— 3-Cyclohexyl-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]thiourea —— C19H24N2O2S
    3-Cyclohexyl-1-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]thiourea
    —— ethyl 2-[(5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate —— C23H17BrCl2N2O4S
    ethyl 2-[(5-bromo-3-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-5H-[1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate
    —— 5-[[(3S)-4-[(2-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol —— C23H32N2O4
    5-[[(3S)-4-[(2-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-2-methoxyphenol
    —— 4-Methoxyphenethyl 2H-chromene-3-carboxylate —— C19H18O4
    4-Methoxyphenethyl 2H-chromene-3-carboxylate
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(1R)-1-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)ethyl]phenol —— C13H19ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(1R)-1-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(1S)-1-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)ethyl]phenol —— C13H19ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(1S)-1-(1,4-diazepan-1-yl)ethyl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(1S)-3-methyl-1-piperazin-1-ylbutyl]phenol —— C15H23ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(1S)-3-methyl-1-piperazin-1-ylbutyl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(R)-cyclopropyl(piperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenol —— C14H19ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(R)-cyclopropyl(piperazin-1-yl)methyl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(1R)-3-methyl-1-piperazin-1-ylbutyl]phenol —— C15H23ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(1R)-3-methyl-1-piperazin-1-ylbutyl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(1S)-1-piperazin-1-ylbutyl]phenol —— C14H21ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(1S)-1-piperazin-1-ylbutyl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(1R)-1-piperazin-1-ylbutyl]phenol —— C14H21ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(1R)-1-piperazin-1-ylbutyl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(1R)-1-piperazin-1-ylethyl]phenol —— C12H17ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(1R)-1-piperazin-1-ylethyl]phenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[(1S)-1-piperazin-1-ylethyl]phenol —— C12H17ClN2O
    4-chloro-2-[(1S)-1-piperazin-1-ylethyl]phenol
    —— 3-methyl-4-[[4-[(1S)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]phenol —— C13H17N3OS
    3-methyl-4-[[4-[(1S)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]phenol
    —— 2-[[4-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-5-methylphenol —— C12H15N3OS
    2-[[4-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-5-methylphenol
    —— 4-methyl-2-[[4-[(1R)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]phenol —— C13H17N3OS
    4-methyl-2-[[4-[(1R)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]phenol
    —— 3-methyl-4-[[4-[(1R)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]phenol —— C13H17N3OS
    3-methyl-4-[[4-[(1R)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]phenol
    —— 2-[[4-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-4-chlorophenol —— C11H12ClN3OS
    2-[[4-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-4-chlorophenol
    —— 4-chloro-2-[[4-[(1S)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]phenol —— C12H14ClN3OS
    4-chloro-2-[[4-[(1S)-1-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]phenol
    —— 4-[[4-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-3-methylphenol —— C12H15N3OS
    4-[[4-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-3-methylphenol
    —— 2-[[4-[(1S)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-4-methylphenol —— C12H15N3OS
    2-[[4-[(1S)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-4-methylphenol
    —— 2-[[4-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-4-methylphenol —— C12H15N3OS
    2-[[4-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-4-methylphenol
    —— 4-[[4-[(1S)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-3-methylphenol —— C12H15N3OS
    4-[[4-[(1S)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-3-methylphenol
    —— 2-[[4-[(1S)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-4-chlorophenol —— C11H12ClN3OS
    2-[[4-[(1S)-1-aminoethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-4-chlorophenol
    —— 2-[[4-[(1R)-1-(ethylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-5-methylphenol —— C14H19N3OS
    2-[[4-[(1R)-1-(ethylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-5-methylphenol
    —— 2-[[4-[(1R)-1-(ethylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-4-methylphenol —— C14H19N3OS
    2-[[4-[(1R)-1-(ethylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]-4-methylphenol
    —— 3-methyl-4-[[4-[(1R)-1-(propylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]phenol —— C15H21N3OS
    3-methyl-4-[[4-[(1R)-1-(propylamino)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]amino]phenol