有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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D-苯磺酸乙酸 | 2-phenyl-2-sulfoacetic acid | 39925-38-7 | C8H8O5S |
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D-苏-1-(4-氨基苯基)-2-二氯乙酰基氨基-1,3-丙烷二醇盐酸盐 | (1<i>R</i>,2<i>R</i>)-1-(4-amino-phenyl)-2-(2,2-dichloro-acetylamino)-propane-1,3-diol; hydrochloride | 57704-36-6 | C11H14Cl2N2O3*ClH |
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D-胡椒酮 | (S)-(+)-piperitone | 6091-50-5 | C10H16O |
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D-生物素酰肼 | biotin hydrazide | 66640-86-6 | C10H18N4O2S |
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D-甘露糖醛酸单糖 | D-Mannuronic acid, sodium salt (1:1) | 921-56-2 | C6H10NaO7 |
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D-甘露糖醛酸二糖 | L-GulA(a1-4)L-GulA | 28144-27-6 | C12H18O13 |
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D-甘露糖醛酸三糖 | tri-galacturonic acid | 40307-13-9 | C18H26O19 |
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D-甘油酸 | D-glyceric acid | 6000-40-4 | C3H6O4 |
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D-氨基酸氧化酶来源于猪肾 | D-amino-acid oxidase | 9000-88-8 | —— | —— |
D-氨基葡萄糖-6-硫酸盐 | glucosamine 6-sulfate | 91674-26-9 | C6H13NO8S |
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D-果糖-6-磷酸钡盐(一水) | 6035-54-7 | C6H13BaO9P |
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D-来苏糖 | D-lyxose | 1114-34-7 | C5H10O5 |
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D-山梨糖醇六乙酸酯 | 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexa-O-acetyl-D-glucitol | 7208-47-1 | C18H26O12 |
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D-吡喃葡糖酐-2,6-双油酸酯与聚环氧乙烷(2:1)的醚化物 | [3,4-Bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-6-methoxy-5-octadec-9-enoyloxyoxan-2-yl]methyl octadec-9-enoate | 86893-19-8 | C47H86O10 |
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D-吖啶-2-羧酸 | (R)-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid | 7729-30-8 | C4H7NO2 |
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D-二苯甲酰酒石酸 | O,O'-dibenzoyl-D-tartaric acid | 17026-42-5 | C18H14O8 |
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D-乳糖酸钾 | potassium lactobionate | 69313-67-3 | C12H21O12*K |
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D-丙氨酰胺 | D-alaninamide | 35320-22-0 | C3H8N2O |
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D-α-羟基异戊酸 | (R)-2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid | 17407-56-6 | C5H10O3 |
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D-α-托可醌 | 2-[(3R,7R,11R)-3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl]-3,5,6-trimethyl-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione | 7559-04-8 | C29H50O3 |
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D-GLUCOSE6-PHOSPHATE二钠二水合物 | 6-(dihydrogen phosphate) D-fructose, disodium salt, dihydrate | 918149-30-1 | C6H15NaO10P |
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D-3-苯乳酸 | D-phenyllactic acid | 7326-19-4 | C9H10O3 |
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D-2-氨基庚二酸 | D-2-aminopimelic acid | 32224-57-0 | C7H13NO4 |
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D-2-三氟甲基苯丙氨酸 | (R)-2-amino-3-(2-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propionic acid | 130930-49-3 | C10H10F3NO2 |
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D-1,2,3,4-四氢正哈尔满碱-3-羧酸 | (3R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid | 72002-54-1 | C12H12N2O2 |
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D-(-)-酒石酸二苄酯 | <S-(R*,R*)>-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid bis(phenylmethyl) ester | 4136-22-5 | C18H18O6 |
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D-(-)-酒石酸二异丙酯 | D-(-)-diisopropyl tartrate | 62961-64-2 | C10H18O6 |
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D-(+)-核糖酸-gamma-内酯 | 2-deoxy-D-ribonolactone | 34371-14-7 | C5H8O4 |
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D-(+)-二对甲基苯甲酰酒石酸 | (2S,3S)-di-4-toluoyltartaric acid | 32634-68-7 | C20H18O8 |
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D-(+)-(2-氯苯)甘氨酸 | 1,5-diacetyl 2,4-dioxo-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine | 86320-44-7 | C7H9N3O4 |
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D,L-N,N-二去甲基-N-(4-甲氧基苯乙基)文拉法辛 | (±)-1-{2-[(4-methoxyphenethyl)amino]-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl}cyclohexanol | 1329795-88-1 | C24H33NO3 |
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Cy5.5马来酰亚胺 | cy5.5 maleimide | 1593644-50-8 | C46H49N4O3*Cl |
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Cy3N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯 | Cy3 NHS ester | 1032678-38-8 | C34H40N3O4*Cl |
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Cbz-环亮氨酸 | 1-{[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}cyclopentanecarboxylic acid | 17191-44-5 | C14H17NO4 |
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Cbz-N-酰胺基-PEG2-酸 | 3-oxo-1-phenyl-2,7,10-trioxa-4-azatridecan-13-oic acid | 1347750-76-8 | C15H21NO6 |
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Cbz-L-脯氨酸酰胺 | Z-Pro-NH2 | 34079-31-7 | C13H16N2O3 |
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Cbz-1-氨基环丙烷甲醇 | benzyl (1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl)carbamate | 103500-22-7 | C12H15NO3 |
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CY5羧基 | 6-[(2Z)-3,3-dimethyl-2-[(2E,4Z)-5-(1,3,3-trimethylindol-1-ium-2-yl)penta-2,4-dienylidene]indol-1-yl]hexanoate | 195867-59-5 | C32H38N2O2 |
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CDTA二钠盐 | Sodium rel-2,2'-(((1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diyl)bis((carboxymethyl)azanediyl))diacetate | 57137-35-6 | C14H20N2Na2O8 |
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CDC0032中间体 | 9-bromo-2-(1-isopropyl-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-5,6-dihydrobenzo[f]imidazo[1,2-d][1,4]oxazepine | 1282514-63-9 | C17H18BrN5O |
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CCT251545中间体C | 1-methyl-4-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazole | 1607838-14-1 | C16H21BN2O2 |
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CBZ-肌氨酸-N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯 | N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)sarcosine N-hydroxysuccinimide ester | 53733-96-3 | C15H16N2O6 |
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CBZ-L-亮氨酸-琥珀酰胺 | Z-Leu-NCA | 125814-24-6 | C15H17NO5 |
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CB-TE2A试剂 | 4,11-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane-4,11-diacetic acid | 313229-90-2 | C16H30N4O4 |
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C7-9-烷基醇 | 6-methylheptanol | 91994-92-2 | C8H18O |
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C22神经酰胺(d18:1/22:0) | (2S,3R)-N-(docosanoate)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-octadeca-4-(E)-ene | 27888-44-4 | C40H79NO3 |
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C11全氟酮 | 1,1,1,2,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2,4-bis(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)pentan-3-one | 67118-49-4 | C11F22O3 |
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C.I.酸性橙108 | ethanolamine | 141-43-5 | C2H7NO |
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C.I.酸性棕21 | (R)-(+)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-5,5',6,6',7,7',8,8'-octahydro-1,1'-binaphthyl | 139139-86-9 | C44H40P2 |
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C.I.活性红35 | 5-(Acetylamino)-4-hydroxy-3-((2-methoxy-5-((2-(sulphooxy)ethyl)sulphonyl)phenyl)azo)naphthalene-2,7-disulphonic acid | 10116-15-1 | C21H21N3O15S4 |
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