有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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[(丙基亚胺)二(亚甲基)]二膦酸 | propylamino-N,N-bis(methylphosphonic acid) | 5995-27-7 | C5H15NO6P2 |
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[(丁基亚胺)二(亚甲基)]二膦酸 | butylamino-N,N-bis(methylphosphonic acid) | 5995-28-8 | C6H17NO6P2 |
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[(S,S)-N-(2-氨基-1,2-二苯乙基)五氟苯磺酰胺]氯化(对伞花烃)钌(II) | Chloro{[(1S,2S)-(+)-2-amino-1,2-diphenylethyl](4-pentafluorophenylsulfonyl)amido}(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) | 1026995-72-1 | C30H28ClF5N2O2RuS |
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[(S)-BINAPRUCL苯]CL | {RuCl(C6H6)((S)-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl)}Cl | 126251-92-1 | C50H38ClP2Ru*Cl |
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[(R)-(+)-5,5'-双(二苯基膦)-4,4'-二-1,3-苯并二茂](对伞花烃)氯化钌(II)氯化物 | [RuCl(p-cymene)((R)-dm-segphos)]Cl | 944451-30-3 | C56H58Cl2O4P2Ru |
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[(9-氧代-9H-噻吨-2-基)氧基]乙酸 | 2-[(9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-2-yl)oxy]-acetic acid | 84434-05-9 | C15H10O4S |
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[(5-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)硫基]-乙酸 | 2-(5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio)acetic acid | 64679-65-8 | C5H7N3O2S |
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[(5-氨基-2-氯-4-氟苯基)-硫代]-乙酸甲酯 | methyl 5-amino-2-chloro-4-fluorophenylthioacetate | 131533-07-8 | C9H9ClFNO2S |
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[(4-氟苯基)氨基](氧代)乙酸 | 2-((4-fluorophenyl)amino)-2-oxoacetic acid | 69066-43-9 | C8H6FNO3 |
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[(4-叔丁氧羰基哌嗪)甲基]三氟硼酸钾 | potassium (4-tert-butoxycarbonylpiperazin-1-yl)methyltrifluoroborate | 936329-97-4 | C10H19BF3N2O2*K |
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[(4-丙基双环己基)二氟甲氧基]-3,4,5-三氟苯 | 5-[Difluoro-[4-(4-propylcyclohexyl)cyclohexyl]methoxy]-1,2,3-trifluorobenzene | 208338-50-5 | C22H29F5O |
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[(4,6-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)氨基]甲醇 | 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxymethylamino-1,3,5-triazine | 937-35-9 | C4H8N6O |
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[(3S)-3-苄基-4-{[(2-甲基-2-丙基)氧基]羰基}-2-氧代-1-哌嗪基]乙酸 | (3S)-4-Boc-1-carboxymethyl-3-benzyl-piperazin-2-one | 215121-89-4 | C18H24N2O5 |
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[(3-甲基苯基)(苯基)甲基]胺 | (RS)-(3-methylphenyl)phenylmethylamine | 55095-20-0 | C14H15N |
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[(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)亚甲基]丙二腈 | 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)malononitrile | 5688-82-4 | C13H12N2O3 |
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[(2S)-2-[(2R)-4,5-二羟基-3-氧代呋喃-2-基]-2-羟基乙基](Z)-十八碳-9-烯酸酯 | 6-ascorbyl oleate | 2495-84-3 | C24H40O7 |
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[(2R,6S)-2,6-二甲基吗啉-4-基]乙酸 | (2R,6S)-(2,6-dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)acetic acid | 142893-66-1 | C8H15NO3 |
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[(2R,3R,4R)-2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-4-[(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-5,7-二羟基-3-(3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酰基)氧基-色满-8-基]-5,7-二羟基-色满-3-基]3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸酯 | procyanidin B2-3,3'-di-O-gallate | 79907-44-1 | C44H34O20 |
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[(2R,3R)-2-[(2,2-二氯乙酰基)氨基]-3-羟基-3-(4-硝基苯基)丙基]乙酸酯 | 3'-O-acetylchloramphenicol | 10318-16-8 | C13H14Cl2N2O6 |
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[(2R)-2-棕榈酰氧基-3-[羟基-[(1S,2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2,3,4,6-四羟基-5-膦酰氧基环己基]氧基磷酰]氧基丙基]棕榈酸酯 | 1D-1-(1',2'-di-O-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero(3')phospho)-myo-inositol 3-phosphate | 165689-81-6 | C41H80O16P2 |
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[(2E,4E)-3-甲基-5-(2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-基)-2,4-戊二乙烯]三苯基氯化膦 | (β-Jonylidenethyl)triphenylphosphoniumchlorid | 53282-28-3 | C33H38P*Cl |
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[(2-甲基-1-丙酰基丙氧基)(4-苯丁基)膦酰]乙酸 | [[2-Methyl-1-(1-oxopropoxy)propoxy](4-phenylbutyl)phosphinyl]acetic acid | 123599-78-0 | C19H29O6P |
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[(2-呋喃甲基)硫基]乙酸 | 2-((furan-2-ylmethyl)thio)acetic acid | 89639-87-2 | C7H8O3S |
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[(2,4,6-三溴苯氧基)甲基]环氧乙烷 | 2,4,6-tribromophenyl epoxypropyl ether | 5296-40-2 | C9H7Br3O2 |
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[(1S,3S,4R,6R)-3-羟基-3,7,7-三甲基-4-双环[4.1.0]庚烷基]乙酸酯 | (-)-Caran-3β,4β-diol-4-acetat | 10309-63-4 | C12H20O3 |
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[(1S,3S)-3-[[4-甲氧基-3-(3-甲氧基丙氧基)苯基]甲基]-4-甲基-1-[(2S,4S)-四氢-4-异丙基-5-氧代-2-呋喃基]戊基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl {(1S,3S)-1-((2S,4S)-4-isopropyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3-[4-methoxy-3-(3-methoxypropoxy)benzyl]-4-methylpentyl}carbamate | 866030-35-5 | C30H49NO7 |
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[(1S,2R)-2-氨基环己-1-基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl ((1S,2R)-2-aminocyclohexyl)carbamate | 365996-30-1 | C11H22N2O2 |
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[(1S)-1-[(3R,5R,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-乙酰氧基-10,13-二甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-十四氢-1H-环戊并[a]菲-17-基]乙基]乙酸酯 | 3α,20α<sub>F</sub>-diacetoxy-5β-pregnane | 1174-69-2 | C25H40O4 |
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[(1R,3S)-3-羟基环戊基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl N-[(1R,3S)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl]carbamate | 225641-84-9 | C10H19NO3 |
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[(1H-苯并三唑-1-基)甲基]三苯基氯化鏻 | [(benzotriazol-1-yl)-methyl]triphenyl phosphonium chloride | 111198-09-5 | C25H21N3P*Cl |
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[(1-羟基环丙基)甲基]-氨基甲酸1,1-二甲基乙基酯 | tert-butyl (1-hydroxycyclopropyl)methylcarbamate | 887577-30-2 | C9H17NO3 |
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[(1-硝基-2-萘基)氧基]乙酸 | (1-nitro-[2]naphthyloxy)-acetic acid | 10440-91-2 | C12H9NO5 |
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[(1-甲基吡咯烷-2-基)甲基]胺 | (1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methanamine | 26171-06-2 | C6H14N2 |
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Z-嘧草醚,10ΜG/ΜL于环己烷 | Pyriminobac-methyl, (Z)- | 147411-70-9 | C17H19N3O6 |
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Z-n-me-l-2-氨基己酸 | (2S)-2-(methyl{[(phenylmethyl)oxy]carbonyl}amino)hexanoic acid | 225386-32-3 | C15H21NO4 |
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Z-9-十四碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯 | 9-tetradecyn-1-yl acetate | 61319-25-3 | C16H30O2 |
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Z-11-十四醛 | (Z)-11-tetradecenal | 35237-64-0 | C14H26O |
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VE烟酸酯 | alpha-tocopherol nicotinate | 51898-34-1 | C35H53NO3 |
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TRANS-4-(BOC-氨基)-环已烷甲胺盐酸盐 | tert-Butyl (trans-4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl)carbamate hydrochloride | 874823-37-7 | C12H25ClN2O2 |
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TELOTRISTATETIPRATE中间体 | (R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol | 1033805-26-3 | C12H10ClF3N2O |
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Sch 527123; 3-[[3-[(二甲基氨基)羰基]-2-羟基苯基]氨基]-4-[[(R)-1-(5-甲基呋喃-2-基)丙基]氨基]-3-环丁烯-1,2-二酮 | Benzamide, 2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-((2-(((1R)-1-(5-methyl-2-furanyl)propyl)amino)-3,4-dioxo-1-cyclobuten-1-yl)amino)- | 473727-83-2 | C23H26N2O5 |
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SEC-丁基三氟硼酸钾 | potassium sec-butyltrifluoroborate | 958449-00-8 | C4H9BF3*K |
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S-硫代二甲胺基酰基四氢噻唑烷酮 | 2-(N,N-Dimethylthiocarbamoylthio)-2-thiazolin | 140652-77-3 | C6H10N2S3 |
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S-甲基异硫脲硫酸盐 | 2-methylisothiourea sulphate | 867-44-7 | C2H6N2S*H2O4S |
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S-环氧丙烷 | (S)-Propylene oxide | 16088-62-3 | C3H6O |
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S-环丙基丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐 | methyl (S)-2-amino-3-cyclopropylpropanoate hydrochloride | 206438-31-5 | C7H13NO2*ClH |
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S-烯丙基 O-戊基二硫代碳酸酯 | S-allyl O-pentyl dithiocarbonate | 2956-12-9 | C9H16OS2 |
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S-氰甲基硫烷基三硫代碳酸盐 | S-dodecyl-S'-cyanomethyl trithiocarbonate | 796045-97-1 | C15H27NS3 |
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S-托品酸 | (S)-tropic acid | 16202-15-6 | C9H10O3 |
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S-对甲基-苄基-beta-巯基丙酸 | THIQ tert-butyl ester PTSA salt | 79276-06-5 | C7H8O3S*C14H19NO2 |
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