有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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beta-1-环己烯-1-基-4-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基苯乙胺盐酸盐 | (2RS)-2-(Cyclohex-1-enyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethylethanamine Hydrochloride | 93413-79-7 | C17H26ClNO |
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alpha-酮戊二酸单钾盐 | Pentanedioic acid, 2-oxo-, monopotassium salt | 997-43-3 | C5H6KO5 |
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alpha-酮戊二酸二甲酯 | dimethyl 2-ketoglutarate | 13192-04-6 | C7H10O5 |
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alpha-酮基异己酸钠盐 | 4-methyl-2-Oxovalerate (sodium salt) | 4502-00-5 | C6H10NaO3 |
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alpha-羟基-苯乙酸镁盐(1:?) | 6787-77-5 | C8H8MgO3 |
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alpha-羟基-苯乙酸丁酯 | butyl mandelate | 14007-02-4 | C12H16O3 |
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alpha-甲苯砷酸 | benzylarsonic acid | 620-27-9 | C7H9AsO3 |
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alpha-甲氧基沙丁胺醇 | N-(tert-butyl)-2-methoxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)phen-1-yl)-ethanamine | 870076-72-5 | C14H23NO3 |
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alpha-甲基-4-(2-甲基丙基)-苯丙醛 | 3-(4-isobutylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal | 6658-48-6 | C14H20O |
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alpha-生育酚亚油酸酯 | dl-α-Tocopheryl linoleate | 51744-92-4 | C47H80O3 |
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alpha-环氧蒎烷 | α-pinene oxide | 72936-74-4 | C10H16O |
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alpha-环丙基苯乙烯 | α-cyclopropylstyrene | 825-76-3 | C11H12 |
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alpha-乙酰基苯乙酸 | 2-phenylacetoacetic acid | 4433-88-9 | C10H10O3 |
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alpha-乙烯基苄基乙酸酯 | 1-phenyl-2-propenyl acetate | 7217-71-2 | C11H12O2 |
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alpha-三联噻吩甲醇 | α-terthienylmethanol | 13059-93-3 | C13H10OS3 |
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alpha-丁基苯乙基乙酸酯 | alpha-Butylphenethyl acetate | 40628-77-1 | C14H20O2 |
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alpha-[(甲基氨基)甲基]苯甲醇盐酸盐 | DL-halostachine hydrochloride | 6027-95-8 | C9H13NO*ClH |
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alpha-D-硫代五乙酰葡萄糖 | 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-S-acetyl-1-thio-α-D-glucopyranoside | 62860-10-0 | C16H22O10S |
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alpha-(甲氧基亚胺)呋喃-2-乙酸 | 2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetic acid | 65866-86-6 | C7H7NO4 |
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alpha-(氨基甲基)-2,5-二甲氧基苄醇盐酸盐 | 1-(2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminoethanol hydrochloride | 60407-53-6 | C10H15NO3*ClH |
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alpha-(4-溴苯基)苄胺 | (4-bromophenyl)(phenyl)methanamine | 55095-17-5 | C13H12BrN |
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alpha-(2-氨基苯基)苄胺 | 2-Amino-benzhydrylamin | 61057-85-0 | C13H14N2 |
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alpha,gamma,gamma,4-四甲基环己烷丙醇 | α,χ,χ,4-tetramethylcyclohexanepropanol | 4927-40-6 | C13H26O |
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alpha,beta-二羟基异戊酸 | 2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid | 1756-18-9 | C5H10O4 |
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alpha,alpha-二苯基吡咯烷-1-丙醇 | Pyrrinol | 6072-22-6 | C19H23NO |
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alpha,alpha-二甲基苯乙酸 | 2-methyl-2-phenylpropionic acid | 826-55-1 | C10H12O2 |
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alpha,alpha-二甲基-4-甲氧基苯乙胺盐酸盐 | 1,1-dimethyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride | 56490-93-8 | C11H17NO*ClH |
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alpha,alpha-二甲基-4-亚甲基环己烷甲醇 | δ-terpineol | 7299-42-5 | C10H18O |
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alpha,alpha-二甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇 | 2-(3-cyclohexenyl)-2-propanol | 90645-55-9 | C9H16O |
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alpha,alpha-二氰基苄基苯甲酸酯 | α-Benzoyloxy-α-phenylmalononitrile | 5467-94-7 | C16H10N2O2 |
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alpha,alpha,4-三甲基环己基甲基丙酸酯 | alpha,alpha,4-Trimethylcyclohexylmethyl propanoate | 6756-90-7 | C13H24O2 |
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a-溴-1-[(1,1-二甲基乙氧基)羰基]-4-哌啶乙酸 | 4-(bromo-carboxy-methyl)-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 881016-89-3 | C12H20BrNO4 |
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a-氰基苯乙胺盐酸盐 | 2-phenylglycinonitrile hydrochloride | 53641-60-4 | C8H8N2*ClH |
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a-丙烯酸氯甲酯 | pyrocatechol phosphorochloridite | 1641-40-3 | C6H4ClO2P |
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a-三氟甲基乙胺 | 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-amine | 421-49-8 | C3H6F3N |
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[(氟磺酰基)亚氨基]甲酮 | fluorosulfonyl isocyanate | 1495-51-8 | CFNO3S |
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[羟基(甲烷磺酰氧基)碘代]苯 | (mesyloxyhydroxyiodo)benzene | 105551-42-6 | C7H9IO4S |
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[环己基甲基(苯基)磷酰基]苯 | cyclohexylmethyldiphenylphosphine oxide | 88533-61-3 | C19H23OP |
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[溴甲基(苯基)磷酰基]苯 | (bromomethyl)diphenylphosphine oxide | 119460-28-5 | C13H12BrOP |
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[双(三氟乙酰氧基)碘]苯 | bis-[(trifluoroacetoxy)iodo]benzene | 2712-78-9 | C10H5F6IO4 |
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[双(三氟乙酰基)碘]五氟苯 | iodopentafluorobenzene bis(trifluoroacetate) | 14353-88-9 | C10F11IO4 |
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[二环[1.1.1]戊烷-1-羧酸] | bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane-1-carboxylic acid | 22287-28-1 | C6H8O2 |
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[二氟(碘)甲基]磺酰苯 | difluoroiodomethyl phenyl sulfone | 802919-90-0 | C7H5F2IO2S |
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[丙炔基-三聚乙二醇-氨基] | 2-(2-(2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-amine | 932741-19-0 | C9H17NO3 |
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[丁基(苯基)磷酰基]苯 | butyldiphenylphosphine oxide | 4233-13-0 | C16H19OP |
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[[Α,Α'-[1,2-乙撑二(亚氨基-.KAPPA.N)二(2-羟基-KAPPA.O)苯乙酸根合-.KAPPA.O]](4-)]高铁酸钠 | Sodium ((alpha,alpha'-(ethylenediimino)bis(2-hydroxybenzene-1-acetato))(4-))ferrate(1-) | 16455-61-1 | C18H16FeN2NaO6 |
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[[P-(2-甲氧基乙基)苯氧基]甲基]环氧乙烷 | 2-[4-(2'-methoxyethyl)phenoxymethyl]oxirane | 56718-70-8 | C12H16O3 |
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[[4-[乙基[2-[[(苯胺基)羰基]氧]乙基]氨基]-2-甲基苯基]亚甲基]丙二腈 | ((2-Methyl-4-((2-(((phenylamino)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl)(ethyl)amino)phenyl)methylen)propandinitril | 6858-49-7 | C22H22N4O2 |
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[[1-(甲氧羰基)烯丙基]氨基]苯乙酸钠 | Sodium ((1-(methoxycarbonyl)allyl)amino)phenylacetate | 6908-42-5 | C13H14NNaO4 |
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[[(二乙基氨基)硫代甲酰]硫代]乙酸 | (N,N-diethylthiocarbamoylthio)acetic acid | 5439-93-0 | C7H13NO2S2 |
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