有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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5,11-二氢-5-甲基-10H-二苯并[b,f]氮杂卓-10-酮 | 5-methyl-5,11-dihydro-10H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-10-one | 4904-83-0 | C15H13NO |
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5,10-二氢-二苯并[b,e][1,4]二氮杂卓-11-酮 | 5,10-dihydro-11H-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]-diazepin-11-one | 5814-41-5 | C13H10N2O |
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5,10,15,20-四对甲苯基-21H 23H-卟吩 | 5,10,15,20-Tetra-p-tolyl-21H,23H-porphine | 14527-51-6 | C48H38N4 |
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5,10,15,20-四三(4-甲氧基苯基)-21H,23H-卟啉 | 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphine | 22112-78-3 | C48H38N4O4 |
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5,10,15,20-四(3-羟基苯基)卟啉 | Tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin | 22112-79-4 | C44H30N4O4 |
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5(4)-碘-4(5)-甲基-咪唑 | 4-iodo-5-methyl-1H-imidazole | 15813-07-7 | C4H5IN2 |
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5'-脱氧-5-氟-N-[(戊氧基)羰基]胞苷 2',3'-二乙酸酯 | 2',3'-di-O-acetyl-5'-deoxy-5-fluoro-N<sup>4</sup>-(pentyloxycarbonyl)cytidine | 162204-20-8 | C19H26FN3O8 |
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5'-羟基-2',5',7'-三甲基螺[环丙烷-1,6'-茚]-4'-酮 | (-)-acylfulvene | 125392-76-9 | C14H16O2 |
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5'-甲基-[1,1':3',1''-三苯基]-3,3',5,5''-四羧酸 | 5’-methyl-[1,1’:3’,1’’-terphenyl]-3,3’’,5,5’’-tetracarboxylic acid | 1433189-28-6 | C23H16O8 |
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5'-氯-2'-羟基-4'-甲基苯乙酮 | 5'-chloro-2'-hydroxy-4'-methyl acetophenone | 28480-70-8 | C9H9ClO2 |
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5'-氨基-2'-甲基乙酰苯胺 | N-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)acetamide | 5434-30-0 | C9H12N2O |
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5'-氟-2'-羟基苯丁酮 | fluoro-5 hydroxy-2 butyrophenone | 575-67-7 | C10H11FO2 |
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5'-O-[二(4-甲氧基苯基)苯基甲基]-2'-脱氧-N-(2-甲基-1-氧代丙基)胞苷 3'-[2-氰基乙基二异丙基氨基膦酸酯] | N<sup>4</sup>-isobutyryl-2'-deoxycytidine-3'-diisopropylaminocyanoethyl phosphoramidite | 110522-84-4 | C43H54N5O8P |
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5'-O-[二(4-甲氧基苯基)苯基甲基]-2'-O-(2-甲氧基乙基)-N-(2-甲基-1-氧代丙基)鸟苷3'-[2-氰基乙基二异丙基氨基亚磷酸酯] | MOE G amidite | 251647-55-9 | C47H60N7O10P |
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5'-O-[二(4-甲氧基苯基)苯基甲基]-2'-O-(2-甲氧基乙基)-N-(2-甲基-1-氧代丙基)鸟苷 | 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytriphenylmethyl)-2'-O-(2-methoxyethyl)-N<sup>2</sup>-isobutyrylguanosine | 251647-50-4 | C38H43N5O9 |
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5'-(4-羧苯基)-2'-羟基-[1,1':3',1''-三苯基]-4,4''-二羧酸 | 5'-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2'-hydroxy-[1,1':3',1''-terphenyl]-4,4''-dicarboxylic acid | 1353118-75-8 | C27H18O7 |
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5 -硝基-2 -(溴乙酰氨基)二苯甲酮 | N-(2-benzoyl-4-nitrophenyl)-2-bromoacetamide | 2011-70-3 | C15H11BrN2O4 |
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5 -氨基- 1,3-二甲基-4 -腈-1H -吡唑 | 5-amino-4-cyano-1,3-dimethylpyrazole | 54820-92-7 | C6H8N4 |
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5 -氨基- 1 -(3 -氟苯基)- 1H -吡唑-4-甲腈 | 5-amino-1-(3-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile | 51516-71-3 | C10H7FN4 |
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5 - (溴甲基)-3 -甲基异恶唑 | 5-(bromomethyl)-3-methylisoxazole | 36958-61-9 | C5H6BrNO |
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4,7-二溴-1H-苯并咪唑 | 4,7-dibromo-1H-benzo[d]imidazole | 148185-66-4 | C7H4Br2N2 |
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4,5-二甲基-1,2-苯二胺 | 4,5-dimethyl-1,2-phenylenediamine | 3171-45-7 | C8H12N2 |
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4,5-二甲-2-硝基苯胺 | 4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzenamine | 6972-71-0 | C8H10N2O2 |
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4,4-二氟环己基乙胺 | (4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)methanamine | 810659-05-3 | C7H13F2N |
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4′-氯联苯-4-磺酰氯 | 4'-chlorobiphenyl-4-sulfonyl chloride | 20443-74-7 | C12H8Cl2O2S |
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4′-氨基-N-甲基乙酰苯胺 | 4-(N-methylacetamido)aniline | 119-63-1 | C9H12N2O |
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4′-(4-氯苯基)-2, 2′:6′, 2″-三联吡啶 | 4'-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine | 89972-75-8 | C21H14ClN3 |
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4’-羟基-3’-(三氟甲基)苯乙酮 | 1-[4-hydroxy-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethanone | 149105-11-3 | C9H7F3O2 |
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4’-硝基联苯-4-羧酸 | 4'-nitro-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid | 92-89-7 | C13H9NO4 |
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4’-甲基-2,2’-联吡啶-4-甲醛 | 4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine-4-carboxylaldehyde | 104704-09-8 | C12H10N2O |
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4’-溴苯己酮 | 1-(4-bromophenyl)hexan-1-one | 7295-46-7 | C12H15BrO |
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4’-溴苯丁酮 | 1-(4-bromophenyl)-1-butanone | 4981-64-0 | C10H11BrO |
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4’-溴-2’-羟基-5’-甲基苯乙酮 | 4-bromo-2-hydroxy-5-methylacetophenone | 1020253-81-9 | C9H9BrO2 |
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4’-溴-2’-硝基苯乙酮 | 4-Brom-2-nitroacetophenon | 90004-94-7 | C8H6BrNO3 |
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4’-氰基-3’-氟联苯-4-羧酸 | 4'-cyano-3'-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid | 1260811-82-2 | C14H8FNO2 |
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4’-氯-3,4-二羟基二苯甲酮 | 4-parachlorobenzoyl catechol | 134612-84-3 | C13H9ClO3 |
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4’-氨基-2’-羟基苯乙酮 | 4-amino-2-hydroxy-acetophenone | 2476-29-1 | C8H9NO2 |
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4’-氟联苯基-2-甲基胺 | (4'-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)methanamine | 884504-18-1 | C13H12FN |
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4’-己氧基-[1,1’-联苯基]-4-甲腈 | 4'-(hexyloxy)-4-biphenylcarbonitrile | 41424-11-7 | C19H21NO |
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4’-三氟甲基-二苯基-4-甲酸 | 4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzoic acid | 195457-71-7 | C14H9F3O2 |
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4’-三氟甲基-3,4-二甲氧基二苯甲酮 | (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methanone | 116412-99-8 | C16H13F3O3 |
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4`-氰基-3`-甲基苯乙酮 | 4-acetyl-2-methylbenzonitrile | 1138444-80-0 | C10H9NO |
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4[(三甲基硅基)乙炔基]苯胺 | 4-trimethylsilylethynyl aniline | 75867-39-9 | C11H15NSi |
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4H-环戊并[2,1-B:3,4-B']二噻吩-4-酮 | 4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophen-4-one | 25796-77-4 | C9H4OS2 |
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4H-噻唑[3,2-B]吡咯-5-甲酸 | 4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylic acid | 39793-31-2 | C7H5NO2S |
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4H-噻吩并[3,4-C]吡咯-4,6(5H)-二酮 | 1,3-dibromo-5-(2-octyldodecyl)thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione | 1234271-15-8 | C26H41Br2NO2S |
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4H-咪唑-4-酮,3,5-二氢-5-(苯基亚甲基)- | 9beta,11beta-Epoxy-21-hydroxy-16alpha-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 21-acetate | 52092-65-6 | C24H30O5 |
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4H-吡啶并[1,2-a]嘧啶-4-酮 | pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one | 23443-10-9 | C8H6N2O |
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4H-1,2,4-三唑-4-乙酸,3-甲基-,酰肼 | N,N-dibutyl-2-(3-hydroxy-6-isopropylquinolin-2-yl)-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-carboxamide | 147613-95-4 | C30H34N2O4 |
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4H,4'H-八氟联苯 | 2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6'-octafluoro-1,1'-biphenyl | 3883-86-1 | C12H2F8 |
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