有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
[3-(4-氟苯基)异噁唑-5-基]甲醇 | 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-hydroxymethylisoxazole | 206055-89-2 | C10H8FNO2 |
|
[3-(4-吗啉甲基)苯基]溴化镁 | Magnesium bromide 3-[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]benzen-1-ide (1/1/1) | 480424-76-8 | C11H14BrMgNO |
|
[3-(4,5-二苯基[2,4'-bioxazol]-5'-基)苯氧基]乙酸 | BMY 45778 | 152575-66-1 | C26H18N2O5 |
|
[3-(1-哌啶基甲基)苯基]溴化镁 | Magnesium bromide 3-[(piperidin-1-yl)methyl]benzen-1-ide (1/1/1) | 480424-82-6 | C12H16BrMgN |
|
[3-(1-吡啶甲基)苯基]溴化镁 | (3-(1-pyrrolidinylmethyl)phenyl)magnesi& | 480424-79-1 | C11H14BrMgN |
|
[3-(1-吡咯烷基甲基)苯基]甲胺 | (3-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)phenyl)methanamine | 91271-78-2 | C12H18N2 |
|
[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基]三氟硼酸钾 | potassium 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyltrifluoroborate | 166328-09-2 | C8H3BF9*K |
|
[3,5-双(4-氟苯甲酰基)苯基](4-氟苯基)甲酮 | [3,5-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)phenyl](4-fluorophenyl)methanone | 267668-44-0 | C27H15F3O3 |
|
[2-羟基-4-(苯基甲氧基)苯基]苯基-甲酮 | 2-Hydroxy-4-benzyloxybenzophenon | 6079-76-1 | C20H16O3 |
|
[2-溴乙基(苯基)磷酰基]苯 | diphenyl(β-bromoethyl)phosphine oxide | 5055-14-1 | C14H14BrOP |
|
[2-[2-氧代-5-(2,4,4-三甲基戊烷-2-基)-3H-1-苯并呋喃-3-基]-4-(2,4,4-三甲基戊烷-2-基)苯基]乙酸酯 | Acetoxytetramethylbutylphenyl tetramethylbutylbenzofuranone | 216698-07-6 | C32H44O4 |
|
[2-[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,16R,17S)-3-羟基-10,13,16-三甲基-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-十二氢-1H-环戊并[a]菲-17-基]-2-氧代乙基]乙酸酯 | 21-acetoxy-3β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-pregn-5-en-20-one | 1173-09-7 | C24H36O4 |
|
[2-(环己氧基)乙基]苯 | cyclohexyl 2-phenylethyl ether | 80858-47-5 | C14H20O |
|
[2-(双环己基膦基)乙基]三甲基三甲基氯化铵 | [2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride | 181864-78-8 | C17H35NP*Cl |
|
[2-(三氟甲基)-4-氨基苯基](4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)甲酮 | (4-amino-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone | 853297-04-8 | C13H16F3N3O |
|
[2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-噻唑-5-基]-甲醇 | 5-hydroxymethyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-thiazole | 937668-37-6 | C11H11NO2S |
|
[2-(4-溴-苯基)-2-羟基-乙基]-氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate | 913181-90-5 | C13H18BrNO3 |
|
[2-(4-氨基苯基)乙基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-aminophenethylcarbamate | 94838-59-2 | C13H20N2O2 |
|
[2-(4-吗啉甲基)苯基]溴化镁 | Magnesium bromide 2-[(morpholin-4-yl)methyl]benzen-1-ide (1/1/1) | 480424-77-9 | C11H14BrMgNO |
|
[2-(2-甲基咪唑-1-基)苯基]甲醇 | [2-(2-Methylimidazol-1-yl)phenyl]methanol | 914349-47-6 | C11H12N2O |
|
[2-(2-甲基-5-硝基-1H-咪唑-1-基)乙基]琥珀酸氢酯 | metronidazole hemisuccinate | 13182-87-1 | C10H13N3O6 |
|
[2-(2-噻吩基)-1,3-噻唑-4-基]甲胺 | {[2-(2-thienyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}amine | 321309-35-7 | C8H8N2S2 |
|
[2-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)苯氧基]乙醛 | [2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenoxy]acetaldehyde | 1269801-73-1 | C10H9F3O3 |
|
[2-(1-哌啶基甲基)苯基]溴化镁 | Magnesium bromide 2-[(piperidin-1-yl)methyl]benzen-1-ide (1/1/1) | 480424-81-5 | C12H16BrMgN |
|
[2-(1-吡啶甲基)苯基]溴化镁 | Magnesium bromide 2-[(pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl]benzen-1-ide (1/1/1) | 480424-80-4 | C11H14BrMgN |
|
[2,2:6,2]四吡啶-6,6-二羧酸 | [2,2':6',2''-terpyridine]-6,6''-dicarboxylic acid | 149982-11-6 | C17H11N3O4 |
|
[2,2'-联吡啶]-5,5'-二甲醛 | [2,2'-bipyridine]-5,5'-dicarbaldehyde | 135822-72-9 | C12H8N2O2 |
|
[1R-(1α,2α,5β,8β)]-4,4,8-三甲基三环[6.3.1.02,5]十二烷-1-醇乙酸酯 | caryophyllene acetate | 57082-24-3 | C17H28O2 |
|
[1R-(1alpha, 4beta, 5beta, 8S*)]-1-异丙基-4,8-二甲基螺[4.5]癸烷-2,7-二酮 | isoacorone | 6168-64-5 | C15H24O2 |
|
[1-(4-溴苯基)环丁基]甲胺 | 1-(4-bromophenyl)cyclobutanmethanamine | 1039932-36-9 | C11H14BrN |
|
[1-[[4-(羟基甲基)苯基]氨基]-1-氧代-5-脲基戊烷-2-基]氨基甲酸(S)-(9H-芴-9-基)甲酯,Nα-Fmoc-L-瓜氨酸(4-羟甲基)苯基酰胺 | (S)-(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl (1-((4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)amino)-1-oxo-5-ureidopentan-2-yl)carbamate | 870487-04-0 | C28H30N4O5 |
|
[1-(羟基甲基)环己基]甲醇 | 1,1-Bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane | 2658-60-8 | C8H16O2 |
|
[1-(叔丁氧基羰基氨基-甲基)-环己基]-乙酸 | N-Boc-gabapentin | 227626-60-0 | C14H25NO4 |
|
[1-(4-甲醇基苯基)-1,2,2-三苯基]乙烯 | 4-(1,2,2-triphenylethenyl)benzenemethanol | 1015082-83-3 | C27H22O |
|
[1-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,2,2-三苯基]乙烯 | (2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene-1,1,2-triyl)tribenzene | 70592-05-1 | C27H22O |
|
[1-(4-溴苯基)-环丙基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl [1-(4-bromophenyl)-cyclopropyl]-carbamate | 360773-84-8 | C14H18BrNO2 |
|
[1-(4-乙炔基苯基)-1,2,2-三苯基]乙烯 | (2-(4-ethynylphenyl)ethene-1,1,2-triyl)tribenzene | 1225493-18-4 | C28H20 |
|
[1,3]噻唑并[5,4-d][1,3]噻唑 | thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole | 251-56-9 | C4H2N2S2 |
|
[1,3-双(二苯基膦基)丙烷]二氯化钯(II) | bis(diphenylphosphino)propanepalladium(II) dichloride | 59831-02-6 | C27H26Cl2P2Pd |
|
[1,3-双(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)-2-咪唑烷亚基][2-[[(4-甲基苯基)亚氨基]甲基]-4-硝基苯酚](3-苯基-1H-茚-1-亚基)氯化钌 | 1,3-Bis(mesityl)-2-imidazolidinylidene]-[2-[[(4-methylphenyl)imino]methyl]-4-nitro-phenolyl]-[3-phenyl-indenyliden]rutheniumchloride | 934538-04-2 | C50H47ClN4O3Ru-2 |
|
[1,3-亚苯基双(亚甲基)]双(二环戊基膦) | 1,3-Bis-[(dicyclopentylphosphanyl)-methyl]-benzene | 255874-48-7 | C28H44P2 |
|
[1,3-亚苯基二(亚甲基)]二(二异丙基膦) | 1,3-bis((di-iso-propylphosphino)methyl)benzene | 193084-64-9 | C20H36P2 |
|
[1,3-二氢-1,3-双(2,4,6-三甲基苯基)-2H-咪唑-2-亚基](3-苯基-1H-茚-1-亚基)(三环己基膦)二氯化钌 | [dichloro(3-phenyl-1H-inden-1-yliden)(1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydro-imidazol-2-ylidene)(tricyclohexylphosphine)ruthenium(II)] | 254972-49-1 | C54H67Cl2N2PRu |
|
[1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷]二氯钴(II) | Co(dppe)Cl<sub>2</sub> | 18498-01-6 | C26H24Cl2CoP2 |
|
[1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷]二氯化铁(II) | [FeCl<sub>2</sub>(dppe)] | 41536-18-9 | C26H24Cl2FeP2 |
|
[1,2-双(二环己基膦)乙烷]氯化钯(II) | Pd(dcpe)Cl<sub>2</sub> | 96165-44-5 | C26H48Cl2P2Pd |
|
[1,2-二苯基-1,2-二(4'-三苯胺基)]乙烯 | 1,2-bis[4'-(diphenylamino)biphenyl-4-yl]-1,2-diphenylethene | 1296787-77-3 | C62H46N2 |
|
[1,2,4]噻唑并[4,3-a]吡啶-7-胺 | [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-6-amine | 1082448-58-5 | C6H6N4 |
|
[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-A]吡啶-7-胺 | [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-7-amine | 1082448-58-5 | C6H6N4 |
|
[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-A]吡啶-7-硼酸 | [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-ylboronic acid | 1201643-69-7 | C6H6BN3O2 |
|