有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-(1H-吡唑-4-基)苯甲酸 | 4-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)benzoic acid | 1017794-47-6 | C10H8N2O2 |
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4-马来酰亚胺基苯酚 | N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide | 7300-91-6 | C10H7NO3 |
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4-马来酰亚胺基苯甲酸 | N-(4-carboxyphenyl)maleimide | 17057-04-4 | C11H7NO4 |
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4-马来酰亚胺基丁酰肼三氟乙酸盐 | 4-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)butanehydrazide trifluoroacetate | 1239587-68-8 | C2HF3O2*C8H11N3O3 |
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4-马来酰亚胺丁酸肼 | 4-maleimidobutyric acid hydrazide | 181148-01-6 | C8H11N3O3 |
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4-马来酰亚胺-四甲基哌啶氧化物 | 4-maleimido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl | 15178-63-9 | C13H19N2O3 |
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4-雄烯-11β-醇-3,17-二酮 | (8S,9S,10R,11S,13S,14S)-11-Hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16-dodecahydro-2H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-dione | 382-44-5 | C19H26O3 |
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4-重氮基二甲基苯胺氯化锌盐 | ZINC;4-(dimethylamino)benzenediazonium;tetrachloride | 6023-44-5 | C8H10Cl4N3Zn- |
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4-重氮基-4H-咪唑-5-甲酰胺 | 5-diazoimidazole-4-carboxamide | 7008-85-7 | C4H3N5O |
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4-醛基苯并环丁烯 | bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1(6),2,4-triene-3-carbaldehyde | 112892-88-3 | C9H8O |
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4-醛基-3-硝基-苯腈 | 4-formyl-3-nitrobenzonitrile | 90178-78-2 | C8H4N2O3 |
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4-醛基-3-(三氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑 | 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde | 128225-66-1 | C6H5F3N2O |
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4-邻甲苯丁酸 | 4-(2-methylphenyl)butanoic acid | 6943-79-9 | C11H14O2 |
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4-辛烷-3-基苯酚 | 4-(3-octyl)phenol | 3307-00-4 | C14H22O |
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4-辛氧基苯胺 | 4-octyloxyaniline | 39905-45-8 | C14H23NO |
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4-辛基苯胺 | 4-octylaniline | 16245-79-7 | C14H23N |
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4-辛基苯乙醇甲磺酸酯 | 4-octylphenethyl methanesulfonate | 162358-06-7 | C17H28O3S |
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4-萘胺-1-磺酸 钠盐 水合物 | 123333-48-2 | C10H11NNaO4S |
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4-萘-2-基-4-氧代丁酸甲酯 | methyl 4-(naphthalen-2-yl)-4-oxobutanoate | 1590-21-2 | C15H14O3 |
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4-苯胺-1-苯甲基哌啶 | 1-benzyl-N-phenylpiperidin-4-amine | 1155-56-2 | C18H22N2 |
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4-苯胺-1-苄基哌啶-4-羧酰胺 | 1-benzyl-4-phenylaminopiperidine-4-carboxylic acid amide | 1096-03-3 | C19H23N3O |
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4-苯硫基苯甲醛 | 4-phenylsulfanyl-benzaldehyde | 1208-88-4 | C13H10OS |
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4-苯硫基氯苄 | 1-phenylthio-4-chloromethyl-benzene | 1208-87-3 | C13H11ClS |
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4-苯甲酰哌啶 盐酸盐 | 4-(benzoyl)piperidine hydrochloride | 25519-80-6 | C12H15NO*ClH |
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4-苯甲酰吡啶 | 4-Benzoylpyridine | 14548-46-0 | C12H9NO |
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4-苯甲酰-4`-溴联苯 | 4-benzoyl-4'-bromobiphenyl | 63242-14-8 | C19H13BrO |
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4-苯甲氧基苯胺盐酸盐 | 4-benzyloxyaniline hydrochloride | 51388-20-6 | C13H13NO*ClH |
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4-苯甲氧基苯甲酸 | p-(benzyloxy)benzoic acid | 1486-51-7 | C14H12O3 |
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4-苯甲氧基苯氧基乙酸 | 2-(4-(benzyloxy)phenoxy)acetic acid | 38559-92-1 | C15H14O4 |
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4-苯甲氧基-2-甲氧基苯甲醛 | 4-(benzyloxy)-2-methoxybenzaldehyde | 58026-14-5 | C15H14O3 |
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4-苯氨基-哌啶 | N-(piperidin-4-yl)benzamide | 33953-37-6 | C12H16N2O |
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4-苯氧基苯磺酰胺 | 4-phenoxybenzenesulfonamide | 123045-62-5 | C12H11NO3S |
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4-苯氧基苯磺酰氯 | 4-phenoxyphenylsulfonyl chloride | 1623-92-3 | C12H9ClO3S |
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4-苯氧基苯甲酰氯 | 4-phenoxybenzoyl chloride | 1623-95-6 | C13H9ClO2 |
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4-苯氧基苯基溴化镁 | 4-phenoxyphenylmagnesium bromide | 21473-02-9 | C12H9BrMgO |
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4-苯氧基苯乙酸 | 4-phenoxyphenylacetic acid | 6328-74-1 | C14H12O3 |
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4-苯氧基哌啶盐酸盐 | 4-phenoxypiperidine hydrochloride | 3413-27-2 | C11H15NO*ClH |
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4-苯氧基丁酰氯 | 4-phenoxybutyryl chloride | 5139-89-9 | C10H11ClO2 |
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4-苯氧基-2,6-二异丙基苯硫代异氰酸酯 | 2,4-diisopropyl-4-phenoxy-isothiocyanate | 80058-93-1 | C19H21NOS |
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4-苯氧基-1,2-苯二甲酸 | 4-phenoxyphthalic acid | 37951-15-8 | C14H10O5 |
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4-苯并噻唑 | 4-hydroxybenzothiazole | 7405-23-4 | C7H5NOS |
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4-苯并噁唑羧酸 | benzo[d]oxazole-4-carboxylic acid | 208772-23-0 | C8H5NO3 |
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4-苯并噁唑-2-苯胺 | 4-(benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)aniline | 20934-81-0 | C13H10N2O |
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4-苯基苯-1,3-二醇 | 4-phenyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzene | 134-52-1 | C12H10O2 |
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4-苯基肉桂醛 | (E)-3-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)acrylaldehyde | 113538-22-0 | C15H12O |
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4-苯基甲氧羰基氨基苯甲酸 | 4-(((benzyloxy)carbonyl)amino)benzoic acid | 5330-71-2 | C15H13NO4 |
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4-苯基甲氧基苯-1,2-二胺 | 4-(benzyloxy)benzene-1,2-diamine | 41927-17-7 | C13H14N2O |
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4-苯基瑞香素7-甲基醚 | 8-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-cumarin | 24258-36-4 | C16H12O4 |
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4-苯基噻唑啉-2-酮 | 4-phenyl-3H-1,3-thiazol-2-one | 3884-31-9 | C9H7NOS |
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4-苯基噻唑-2-羧酸 | 4-phenylthiazole-2-carboxylic acid | 59020-44-9 | C10H7NO2S |
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