有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-溴-1-甲基-1H-吡咯-2-羧酸 | 4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid | 875160-43-3 | C6H6BrNO2 |
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4-溴-1-甲基-1,2,3-三氮唑 | 4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole | 13273-53-5 | C3H4BrN3 |
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4-溴-1-环己烷 | 4-bromocyclohexene | 3540-84-9 | C6H9Br |
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4-溴-1-氯-2-碘苯 | 4-bromo-1-chloro-2-iodobenzene | 774608-49-0 | C6H3BrClI |
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4-溴-1-氯-2-氟苯 | 2-chloro-5-bromofluorobenzene | 60811-18-9 | C6H3BrClF |
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4-溴-1-氯-2-(氯甲基)苯 | 4-bromo-1-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)benzene | 928758-19-4 | C7H5BrCl2 |
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4-溴-1-氟-2-硝基苯 | 4-Bromo-1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene | 364-73-8 | C6H3BrFNO2 |
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4-溴-1-氟-2-甲氧基甲基苯 | 4-bromo-1-fluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)benzene | 337535-43-0 | C8H8BrFO |
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4-溴-1-丙基-1H-吡唑 | 4-bromo-1-propyl-1H-pyrazole | 141302-33-2 | C6H9BrN2 |
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4-溴-1-三苯甲基-1H-咪唑 | 4-bromo-1-trityl-1H-imidazole | 87941-55-7 | C22H17BrN2 |
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4-溴-1-三甲基-1H-吡唑 | 4-bromo-1-trityl-1H-pyrazole | 95162-14-4 | C22H17BrN2 |
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4-溴-1-丁胺氢溴酸 | 4-bromobutylamine hydrobromide | 24566-81-2 | BrH*C4H10BrN |
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4-溴-1-丁烯 | 1-bromo-4-butene | 5162-44-7 | C4H7Br |
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4-溴-1-(溴甲基)-2-甲氧基苯 | 4-bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-2-methoxybenzene | 854778-42-0 | C8H8Br2O |
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4-溴-1-(溴甲基)-2-甲基苯 | 4-bromo-2-methylbenzyl bromide | 156001-49-9 | C8H8Br2 |
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4-溴-1-(4-甲苯磺酰基)吲哚-3-甲醛 | 4-bromo-1-tosyl-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde | 181271-32-9 | C16H12BrNO3S |
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4-溴-1,8-萘啶 | 4-bromo-1,8-naphthyridine | 54569-28-7 | C8H5BrN2 |
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4-溴-1,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑 | 4-bromo-1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole | 5775-86-0 | C5H7BrN2 |
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4-溴-1,3-噻唑-2-甲酸 | 4-bromothiazole-2-carboxylic acid | 88982-82-5 | C4H2BrNO2S |
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4-溴-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酸 | 4-bromo-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid | 5775-88-2 | C6H7BrN2O2 |
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4-溴-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑 | 4-bromo-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole | 5775-82-6 | C5H7BrN2 |
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4-溴-1,3,5-三甲基吡唑 | 4-bromo-1,3,5-trimethylpyrazole | 15801-69-1 | C6H9BrN2 |
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4-溴-1,2-双(溴甲基)苯 | 4-bromo-1,2-bis-bromomethyl-benzene | 69189-19-1 | C8H7Br3 |
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4-溴-1,2-二甲苯 | 4-bromo-o-xylene | 583-71-1 | C8H9Br |
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4-溴-1,2-二甲基-1H-咪唑 | 4-bromo-1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazole | 850429-59-3 | C5H7BrN2 |
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4-溴-1,2-二氢-3H-吲唑-3-酮 | 4-bromo-1H-indazol-3-ol | 864845-15-8 | C7H5BrN2O |
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4-溴-1,2,6,7-四氢-8h-茚并[5,4-b]呋喃-8-酮 | 4-bromo-1,2,6,7-tetrahydro-8H-indeno[5,4-b]furan-8-one | 196597-69-0 | C11H9BrO2 |
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4-溴-1,2,3,6,7,8-六氢芘 | 4-bromo-1,2,3,6,7,8-hexahydropyrene | 1732-25-8 | C16H15Br |
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4-溴-1(2H)-酞嗪酮 | 4-bromophthalazin-1(2H)-one | 19064-73-4 | C8H5BrN2O |
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4-溴- 1 -叔丁基-1H -吡唑 | 4-bromo-1-(tert-butyl)-1H-pyrazole | 70951-85-8 | C7H11BrN2 |
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4-溴 甲基苄基醇 | 4-(bromomethyl)benzyl alcohol | 71831-21-5 | C8H9BrO |
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4-油酰基吗啉 | (Z)-1-morpholinooctadec-9-en-1-one | 5299-52-5 | C22H41NO2 |
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4-氰基苯肼 | 4-cyanobenzohydrazide | 43038-36-4 | C8H7N3O |
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4-氰基苯基4-(4-戊基环己基)苯甲酸酯 | 4-Cyanophenyl 4-(trans-4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzoate | 313492-66-9 | C25H29NO2 |
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4-氰基肉桂酸 | (E)-4-cyanocinnamic acid | 16642-94-7 | C10H7NO2 |
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4-氰基氮杂环庚烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-cyanoazepane-1-carboxylate | 1259056-34-2 | C12H20N2O2 |
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4-氰基恶唑 | oxazole-4-carbonitrile | 55242-84-7 | C4H2N2O |
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4-氰基-5-氨基异噁唑 | 5-Aminoisoxazole-4-carbonitrile | 98027-17-9 | C4H3N3O |
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4-氰基-4-苯基哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 4-cyano-4-phenylpiperidine-1-carboxylate | 158144-79-7 | C17H22N2O2 |
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4-氰基-4-苯基-1-对甲苯磺酰基哌啶 | 4-Cyan-4-phenyl-1-(p-toluolsulfonyl)-piperidin | 24476-55-9 | C19H20N2O2S |
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4-氰基-4-[[(十二烷硫基)硫酮甲基]硫基]戊酸 | 4-cyano-4-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl]pentanoic acid | 870196-80-8 | C19H33NO2S3 |
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4-氰基-4-(硫代苯甲酰)戊酸 | 4-cyano-4-(thiobenzoylthio)pentanoic acid | 201611-92-9 | C13H13NO2S2 |
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4-氰基-4-(3-甲氧苯基)-1-甲基哌啶 | 1-methyl-4-(m-methoxyphenyl)-4-cyanopiperidine | 5460-79-7 | C14H18N2O |
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4-氰基-4(4-氟苯基)环己酮 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxocyclohexanecarbonitrile | 56326-98-8 | C13H12FNO |
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4-氰基-3-苯基丙酸 | (4-cyanophenyl)propionic acid | 42287-94-5 | C10H9NO2 |
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4-氰基-3-硝基苯甲酸 | 4-cyano-3-nitrobenzoic acid | 153775-42-9 | C8H4N2O4 |
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4-氰基-3-甲基苯硼酸 | (4-cyano-3-methylphenyl)boronic acid | 856255-58-8 | C8H8BNO2 |
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4-氰基-3-氟苯硼酸 | (4-cyano-3-fluorophenyl)boronic acid | 843663-18-3 | C7H5BFNO2 |
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4-氰基-3-氟苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 4-cyano-3-fluorobenzoate | 268734-34-5 | C9H6FNO2 |
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4-氰基-3-氟苯甲酸 | 4-cyano-3-fluorobenzoic acid | 176508-81-9 | C8H4FNO2 |
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