有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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5,6-二氢苯并[d]噻唑-7(4H)-酮 | 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazol-7-one | 935850-03-6 | C7H7NOS |
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5,6-二氢咪唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪-7(8H)-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 5,6-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-7(8H)-carboxylate | 374795-76-3 | C11H17N3O2 |
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5,6-二氢二环戊二烯 | 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene | 4488-57-7 | C10H14 |
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5,6-二氢-4H-环戊并噻唑-2-胺 | 4H,5H,6H-cyclopenta[d][1,3]thiazol-2-amine | 53051-97-1 | C6H8N2S |
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5,6-二氢-4H-吡咯并[3,2,1-ij]喹啉 | 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline | 5840-01-7 | C11H11N |
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5,6-二氢-4H-吡咯并[1,2-B]吡唑-3-羧酸 | 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid | 796729-10-7 | C7H8N2O2 |
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5,6-二氢-3-(4-吗啉基)-1-[4-(2-氧代-1-哌啶基)苯基]-2(1H)-吡啶酮 | 3-morpholino-1-(4-(2-oxopiperidin-1-yl)phenyl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one | 545445-44-1 | C20H25N3O3 |
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5,6-二氢-1,4-二噻烯-2,3-二羧(甲)酰亚胺 | NSC-179792 | 24519-85-5 | C6H5NO2S2 |
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5,6-二氟靛红 | 5,6-difluoroisoindoline-1,3-dione | 83684-73-5 | C8H3F2NO2 |
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5,6-二氟靛红 | 5,6-difluoroisatin | 774-47-0 | C8H3F2NO2 |
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5,6-二氟苯并[c][1,2,5]噻二唑 | 5,6-difluorobenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole | 1293389-28-2 | C6H2F2N2S |
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5,6-二氟水杨醛 | 5,6-difluorosalicylaldehyde | 187543-89-1 | C7H4F2O2 |
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5,6-二氟水杨酸 | 2,3-difluoro-6-hydroxybenzoic acid | 749230-47-5 | C7H4F2O3 |
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5,6-二呋喃-3-(2-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三嗪 | 5,6-bis(furan-2-yl)-3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazine | 90358-65-9 | C16H10N4O2 |
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5,6,8,9-四氢-苯并环庚烯-7-酮 | 5,6,8,9-tetrahydrobenzo[7]annulen-7-one | 37949-03-4 | C11H12O |
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5,6,7,8-四氢喹唑啉-2-胺 | 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolin-2-amine | 2305-85-3 | C8H11N3 |
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5,6,7,8-四氢咪唑并[1,2-a]吡嗪-2-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2-carboxylate | 91476-82-3 | C9H13N3O2 |
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5,6,7,8-四氢咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-6-醇 | 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-ol | 1100750-16-0 | C7H10N2O |
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5,6,7,8-四氢-[1,7]萘啶 | 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,7-naphthyridine | 13623-85-3 | C8H10N2 |
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5,6,7,8-四氢-5,5,8,8-四甲基-2-萘胺 | 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthylamine | 92050-16-3 | C14H21N |
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5,6,7,8-四氢-2-萘胺 | 6-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene | 2217-43-8 | C10H13N |
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5,6,7,8-四氢-1-萘甲酸 | 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid | 4242-18-6 | C11H12O2 |
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5,6,7,8,9,10-六氢环辛并[b]吡啶 | 5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrocycloocta[b]pyridine | 28712-60-9 | C11H15N |
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5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12-八氢-3-甲氧基-5-甲基-5,11-甲撑苯并环癸烯-13-酮肟 | (NE)-N-[(1R,9S)-4-methoxy-1-methyl-15-tricyclo[7.5.1.02,7]pentadeca-2(7),3,5-trienylidene]hydroxylamine | 42263-97-8 | C17H23NO2 |
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5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12-八氢-3-甲氧基-5-甲基-5,11-甲撑苯并环癸烯-13-酮肟 | 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12-octahydro-3-methoxy-5-methyl-5,11-methylbenzene cyclocyclene-13-ketoxime | 50666-38-1 | C17H23NO2 |
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5,6,7,7a-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-2(4H)-酮对甲苯磺酸盐 | 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-thieno[3,2-c]pyridine-2-one p-toluenesulfonate | 952340-39-5 | C7H8O3S*C7H9NOS |
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5,6,7,4'-四羟基异黄酮-6,7-O-二葡萄糖苷 | 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxyisoflavone-6,7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside | 1219001-04-3 | C27H30O16 |
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5,6,11,12-四氢二苯并[b,f]氮杂环辛酮 | 5,6,11,12-tetrahydrodibenz[b,f]azocine-6-one | 6047-29-6 | C15H13NO |
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5,5-螺硅芴 | 9,9'-spiro-9-silabifluorene | 159-68-2 | C24H16Si |
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5,5-双三甲基硅烷基-2,2'-联噻吩 | 5,5'-bis(trimethylstannyl)-2,2'-bithiophene | 143367-56-0 | C14H22S2Sn2 |
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5,5-双(羟甲基)-2-苯基-1,3-二氧杂环己烷 | 5,5-dihydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane | 2425-41-4 | C12H16O4 |
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5,5-亚甲基二间苯二甲酸 | methylenediisophthalic acid | 10397-52-1 | C17H12O8 |
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5,5-二硫二(1,3,4-噻二唑-2-硫酮) | 5,5'-disulfanediylbis(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol) | 72676-55-2 | C4H2N4S6 |
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5,5-二甲基-二氢-呋喃-2-酮 | dihydro-5,5-dimethyl-2(3H)-furanone | 3123-97-5 | C6H10O2 |
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5,5-二甲基-2-氯-1,3,2-二氧磷杂己内酰磷酸酯 | 2-chloro-5,5-dimethyl[1,3,2]dioxaphosphinane 2-oxide | 4090-55-5 | C5H10ClO3P |
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5,5-二甲基-2-(3-甲基丁酰基)-1,3-环己二酮 | 2-(1-hydroxy-3-methylbutylidene)-5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione | 172611-72-2 | C13H20O3 |
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5,5-二甲基-1,3-噻唑烷-3-鎓-4-羧酸酯 | (S)-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid | 22916-26-3 | C6H11NO2S |
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5,5-二甲基-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环己烷-2-酮 | 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxaphosphorinan-2-oxide | 4090-60-2 | C5H11O3P |
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5,5-二溴巴比妥酸 | 5,5-dibromobarbituric acid | 511-67-1 | C4H2Br2N2O3 |
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5,5-二溴-4,4-二壬基-2,2-联噻唑 | 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'-dinonyl-2,2'-bithiazole | 172100-44-6 | C24H38Br2N2S2 |
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5,5-二溴-2,2-二甲基-4,6-二酮-1,3-二氧杂环己烷 | 2,2-dimethyl-5,5-dibromo-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione | 66131-14-4 | C6H6Br2O4 |
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5,5-二氰基-3-(4-磺丁基)-1,1,3-三乙基咪唑羰花青内胺盐 | 5,5'-Dicyano-3-(4-sulfobutyl)-1,1',3'-triethylimidacarbocyanine betaine | 32634-36-9 | C29H32N6O3S |
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5,5-二丙巴比妥酸 | 5,5-dipropylbarbituric acid | 2217-08-5 | C10H16N2O3 |
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5,5,5-三氟-4-羟基-4-(三氟甲基)-2-戊酮 | 5,5,5-trifluoro-4-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pentanone | 10487-10-2 | C6H6F6O2 |
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5,5,5-三氟-1-戊醇 | 5,5,5-trifluoropentan-1-ol | 352-61-4 | C5H9F3O |
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5,5'-羰基二间苯二甲酸 | 5,5'-carbonyldiisophthalic acid | 43080-50-8 | C17H10O9 |
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5,5'-二硫双(2-硝基苯甲酸) | 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) | 69-78-3 | C14H8N2O8S2 |
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5,5'-二(三氟甲基)-2,2'-联吡啶 | 5,5'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine | 142946-80-3 | C12H6F6N2 |
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5,5'-(羰基二氮杂二烯基)二异氰酸 | 5,5'-(carbonylbis(azanediyl))diisophthalic acid | 105699-82-9 | C17H12N2O9 |
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5,5'-(六氟异亚甲基)二邻甲苯胺 | bis(3-amino-4-methylphenyl)-bis(trifluoromethyl)methane | 116325-74-7 | C17H16F6N2 |
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