有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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4-羟基苯甲酸钠 | 114-63-6 | C7H6NaO3 |
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4-羟基苯甲腈 | 4-cyanophenol | 767-00-0 | C7H5NO |
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4-羟基苯甲亚胺酸乙酯盐酸盐 | ethyl 4-hydroxybenzenecarboximidoate hydrochloride | 54998-28-6 | C9H11NO2*ClH |
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4-羟基苯基安息香酸 | 4-hydroxyphenyl benzoate | 2444-19-1 | C13H10O3 |
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4-羟基苯乙醛 | 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde | 7339-87-9 | C8H8O2 |
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4-羟基苯乙酸苄酯 | benzyl p-hydroxyphenylacetate | 27727-37-3 | C15H14O3 |
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4-羟基苯乙基溴 | 4-(2-bromoethyl)phenol | 14140-15-9 | C8H9BrO |
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4-羟基苄胺 | 4-aminomethylphenol | 696-60-6 | C7H9NO |
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4-羟基脒戊酸 | 4-(hydroxyimino)valeric acid | 6945-36-4 | C5H9NO3 |
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4-羟基肉桂醛 | p-hydroxy-cinnamaldehyde | 2538-87-6 | C9H8O2 |
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4-羟基甲基-7-氮杂吲哚 | (1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)methanol | 936549-95-0 | C8H8N2O |
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4-羟基甲基-2-苯基-1H-咪唑 | 5-hydroxymethyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole | 43002-54-6 | C10H10N2O |
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4-羟基甲基-2-甲基-1H-咪唑 | 2-methyl-4-hydroxymethylimidazole | 45533-87-7 | C5H8N2O |
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4-羟基环己酮乙二醇缩醛 | 4,4-ethylenedioxycyclohexan-1-ol | 22428-87-1 | C8H14O3 |
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4-羟基环己甲酸甲酯 | methyl 4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate | 17449-76-2 | C8H14O3 |
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4-羟基环己烷甲酸 | 4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid | 17419-81-7 | C7H12O3 |
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4-羟基环己基乙酸 | 2-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)acetic acid | 99799-09-4 | C8H14O3 |
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4-羟基曲唑酮 | 4'-Hydroxy Trazodone | 53818-10-3 | C19H22ClN5O2 |
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4-羟基扁桃酸 | 4-hydroxymandelic acid | 1198-84-1 | C8H8O4 |
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4-羟基哌啶盐酸盐 | piperidin-4-ol hydrochloride | 5382-17-2 | C5H11NO*ClH |
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4-羟基吲唑 | 1H-indazol-4-ol | 81382-45-8 | C7H6N2O |
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4-羟基吡啶 | pyridin-4-ol | 626-64-2 | C5H5NO |
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4-羟基丁酸苄酯 | benzyl 4-hydroxybutanoate | 91970-62-6 | C11H14O3 |
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4-羟基丁酸肼 | 4-hydroxybutanehydrazide | 3879-08-1 | C4H10N2O2 |
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4-羟基丁酸甲酯 | methyl 4-hydroxybutanoate | 925-57-5 | C5H10O3 |
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4-羟基丁酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-hydroxybutanoate | 999-10-0 | C6H12O3 |
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4-羟基丁酰胺 | hydroxymethyl propionamide | 927-60-6 | C4H9NO2 |
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4-羟基丁基丁酸酯 | 1,4-butandiol monobutyrate | 55011-60-4 | C8H16O3 |
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4-羟基丁基(2,4,5-三氯苯氧基)乙酸酯 | 4-Hydroxybutyl (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetate | 40583-17-3 | C12H13Cl3O4 |
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4-羟基-苯甲酸 2,3-二羟基丙基酯 | 1-(p-hydroxybenzoyl)-glycerol | 93778-15-5 | C10H12O5 |
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4-羟基-α-氨基苯乙酮 | 2-amino-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ketone | 77369-38-1 | C8H9NO2 |
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4-羟基-alpha-氧代苯乙醛 | (4-hydroxylphenyl)glyoxal | 24645-80-5 | C8H6O3 |
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4-羟基-alpha-(4-羟基-2-氧代-2H-1-苯并吡喃-3-基)-2-氧代-2H-1-苯并吡喃-3-乙酸 | bis-(4-hydroxycoumarin-3-yl)-acetic acid | 567-83-9 | C20H12O8 |
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4-羟基-N,N-二甲基苯甲酰胺 | 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-benzamide | 20876-99-7 | C9H11NO2 |
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4-羟基-N,N-二(异)丙基色胺盐酸盐 | 4-hydroxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine hydrochloride | 63065-90-7 | C16H24N2O*ClH |
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4-羟基-N,N,N-三甲基-苯乙铵 | candicine | 6656-13-9 | C11H18NO |
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4-羟基-Alpha-氨基苯乙酮盐酸盐 | 2-amino-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone hydrochloride | 19745-72-3 | C8H9NO2*ClH |
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4-羟基-7甲基茚 | 7-methyl-4-indanol | 16400-13-8 | C10H12O |
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4-羟基-7-甲氧基茚满 | 7-methoxy-indan-4-ol | 38998-04-8 | C10H12O2 |
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4-羟基-7-甲基-1-茚酮 | 4-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-indanone | 22242-84-8 | C10H10O2 |
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4-羟基-7-[(4-甲氧基苯基)氨基]萘-2-磺酸 | 6-(4'-methoxyphenylamino)-1-naphthol-3-sulfonic acid | 118-51-4 | C17H15NO5S |
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4-羟基-6-甲基-2-(甲基硫代)嘧啶-5-羧酸乙酯 | 5-ethoxycarbonyl-6-methyl-2-methylsulfanylpyrimidin-4(3H)-one | 344361-90-6 | C9H12N2O3S |
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4-羟基-6-氮杂螺[2.5]辛烷-6-羧酸 1,1-二甲基乙酯 | tert-butyl 4-hydroxy-6-azaspiro[2.5]octane-6-carboxylate | 1101840-72-5 | C12H21NO3 |
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4-羟基-5-甲氧基苯-1,3-二甲醛 | 5-formylvanillin | 2931-90-0 | C9H8O4 |
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4-羟基-5-甲基-3(2H)-呋喃酮 | 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3[2H]-furanone | 19322-27-1 | C5H6O3 |
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4-羟基-5-((4-((4-((1-羟基-6-(苯基氨基)-3-磺酸基-2-萘基)偶氮)-6-磺酸基萘基)偶氮)萘基)偶氮)萘-2,7-二磺酸四钠盐 | Direct Blue 81 | 6252-57-9 | C46H27N7Na4O14S4 |
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4-羟基-3-羟基甲基苯甲醛 | 4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)benzaldehyde | 54030-32-9 | C8H8O3 |
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4-羟基-3-碘苯甲醛 | 4-hydroxy-3-iodo-benzaldehyde | 60032-63-5 | C7H5IO2 |
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4-羟基-3-硝基苯甲腈 | 4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzonitrile | 3272-08-0 | C7H4N2O3 |
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4-羟基-3-硝基苯乙酸 | 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid | 10463-20-4 | C8H7NO5 |
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