有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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5-(氯乙酰基)-8-(苄氧基)-2(1H)-喹啉酮 | 8-benzyloxy-5-[2-chloroacetyl]-1H-quinolin-2-one | 63404-86-4 | C18H14ClNO3 |
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5-(氯乙酰基)-2-羟基苯甲醛 | 5-(Chloroacetyl)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde | 115787-51-4 | C9H7ClO3 |
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5-(氨基维生素)戊胺 | 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine | 115416-38-1 | C15H28N4O2S |
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5-(氨基甲基)-2-氯苯酚 | 5-(aminomethyl)-2-chlorophenol | 943816-63-5 | C7H8ClNO |
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5-(氨基甲基)-2-氯苯甲酸甲酯盐酸盐 | methyl 5-(aminomethyl)-2-chlorobenzoate hydrochloride | 90942-47-5 | C9H10ClNO2*ClH |
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5-(氧代十八烷基)间苯二甲酸 | 5-(octadecyloxy)isophthalic acid | 143294-86-4 | C26H42O5 |
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5-(嘧啶-2-基磺酰基)-呋喃-2-甲醛 | 5-(pyrimidin-2-ylthio)furan-2-carbaldehyde | 57603-82-4 | C9H6N2O2S |
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5-(哌嗪-1-基)苯并呋喃-2-羧酰胺盐酸盐 | 5-(piperazin-1-yl)benzofuran-2-carboxamide hydrochloride | 913730-87-7 | C13H15N3O2*ClH |
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5-(吡啶-4-基)-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-胺 | 3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine | 3652-17-3 | C7H7N5 |
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5-(叔丁基)-2-羟基苯甲酸甲酯 | methyl 5-(tert-butyl)-2-hydroxybenzoate | 52888-72-9 | C12H16O3 |
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5-(十二烷基二硫代)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2(3H)-硫酮 | 2-Dodecyldithio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol | 50530-43-3 | C14H26N2S4 |
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5-(二苯基磷酰)戊酸 | (4-carboxybutyl)diphenylphosphine oxide | 71140-70-0 | C17H19O3P |
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5-(二苯基氨基)噻吩-2-甲醛 | 5-(diphenylamino)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde | 133878-94-1 | C17H13NOS |
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5-(二甲氨基)甲基-2-呋喃甲醇 | (5-dimethylaminomethyl) furfuryl alcohol | 15433-79-1 | C8H13NO2 |
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5-(二甲基氨基)戊酸 | 5-(dimethylamino)pentanoic acid | 89855-60-7 | C7H15NO2 |
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5-(二环己基膦基)-1',3',5'-三苯基-[1,4']-联-1H-吡唑 | 5-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-1-(1,3,5-triphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole | 1021176-69-1 | C36H39N4P |
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5-(乙硫基)邻-茴香酸 | 5-(Ethylthio)-2-methoxybenzoic acid | 4816-23-3 | C10H12O3S |
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5-(乙硫基)-1H-四唑 | 5-(ethylthio)-1H-tetrazole | 89797-68-2 | C3H6N4S |
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5-(乙氧基甲基)呋喃-2-甲醛 | 5-(ethoxymethyl)furfural | 1917-65-3 | C8H10O3 |
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5-(三氟甲基)苯-1,3-二羧酸 | 5-(trifluoromethyl)isophthalic acid | 117186-03-5 | C9H5F3O4 |
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5-(三氟甲基)哌啶-3-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 5-(trifluoromethyl)piperidine-3-carboxylate | 1269755-53-4 | C8H12F3NO2 |
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5-(三氟甲基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 5-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylate | 1260885-46-8 | C11H9F3N2O2 |
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5-(三氟甲基)咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶-2-羧酸 | 5-(Trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid | 1260798-62-6 | C9H5F3N2O2 |
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5-(三氟甲基)吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate | 415918-11-5 | C11H8F3NO2 |
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5-(三氟甲基)吡啶-3-甲醛 | 5-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinaldehyde | 131747-67-6 | C7H4F3NO |
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5-(三氟甲基)-4-(((三甲基甲硅烷基)乙炔基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶 | 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-4-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine | 1261365-60-9 | C13H13F3N2Si |
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5-(三氟甲基)-1H-咪唑-2-甲醛 | 4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde | 102808-02-6 | C5H3F3N2O |
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5-(T-boc-氨基)-1-戊基溴 | tert-butyl (5-bromopentyl)carbamate | 83948-54-3 | C10H20BrNO2 |
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5-(N,N-二苄基氨基乙酰)水杨酰胺 | 5-(N,N-dibenzylamino)acetylsalicylamide | 30566-92-8 | C23H22N2O3 |
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5-(5-苯基-4-((吡啶-2-甲基)氨基)喹唑啉-2-基)吡啶-3-磺酰胺 | 5-(5-phenyl-4-((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)quinazolin-2-yl)pyridine-3-sulfonamide | 1272353-82-8 | C25H20N6O2S |
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5-(5-氟-2-羟基苯基)异噻唑 | 4-fluoro-2-(5-isoxazolyl)phenol | 288401-62-7 | C9H6FNO2 |
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5-(5-嘧啶基)-1,3-苯二甲酸 | 5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)isophthalic acid | 1417570-15-0 | C12H8N2O4 |
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5-(4-羟基苯基)异噁唑-3-甲酸 | 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid | 33282-15-4 | C10H7NO4 |
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5-(4-羟基苄基)噻唑烷-2,4-二酮 | 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione | 74772-78-4 | C10H9NO3S |
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5-(4-羟基-苯基)-[1,2]二硫醇-3-硫酮 | desmethyl anethole trithione | 18274-81-2 | C9H6OS3 |
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5-(4-硝基苯基)-1H-四唑 | 5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazole | 16687-60-8 | C7H5N5O2 |
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5-(4-甲酸苯基)-1H-四唑 | 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzoic acid | 34114-12-0 | C8H6N4O2 |
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5-(4-甲氧苯基)-2-糠酸 | 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)furan-2-carboxylic acid | 52938-99-5 | C12H10O4 |
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5-(4-甲氧基苯基)异噁唑 | 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole | 3672-48-8 | C10H9NO2 |
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5-(4-甲氧基苯基)噻酚-2-甲醛 | 2-formyl-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiophene | 38401-67-1 | C12H10O2S |
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5-(4-甲氧基苯基)-5-氧代戊酸 | 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxopentanoic acid | 4609-10-3 | C12H14O4 |
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5-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-糠醛 | 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)furan-2-carbaldehyde | 34070-33-2 | C12H10O3 |
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5-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-噻吩羰肼 | 5-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide | 69202-24-0 | C12H12N2O2S |
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5-(4-甲氧基苯)-1H-咪唑-2-胺 | 2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)imidazole | 60472-20-0 | C10H11N3O |
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5-(4-甲基苯基)异噻唑-3-羧酸 | 5-(p-tolyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid | 33282-21-2 | C11H9NO3 |
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5-(4-甲基苯基)-5-氧代戊酸 | 5-(4-methylphenyl)-5-oxopentanoic acid | 833-85-2 | C12H14O3 |
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5-(4-溴苯基)戊酸 | 5-(4-bromophenyl)pentanoic acid | 22647-95-6 | C11H13BrO2 |
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5-(4-溴苯基)-3-甲基-4-异噁唑羧酸 | 5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid | 91182-60-4 | C11H8BrNO3 |
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5-(4-溴苯基)-2-呋喃甲醛 | 5-(4-bromophenyl)-2-furancarboxyaldehyde | 20005-42-9 | C11H7BrO2 |
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5-(4-溴苯基)-1,3-环己烷二酮 | 5-(4-bromophenyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione | 239132-48-0 | C12H11BrO2 |
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