有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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N-丁基-alpha-甲基苄基胺 | butyl-(1-phenyl-ethyl)-amine | 5412-64-6 | C12H19N |
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N-丁基-N-羟乙基苯胺 | N-butyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline | 3046-94-4 | C12H19NO |
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N-丁基-N-甲基甲酰胺 | N-butyl-N-methylformamide | 1117-72-2 | C6H13NO |
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N-丁基-N-甲基吡咯烷(氟磺酰基)(三氟甲磺酰基)酰亚胺 | N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide | 1057745-51-3 | C9H20N*F2NO4S2 |
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N-丁基-N-乙基-2,5,6-三甲基-7-(2,4,6-三甲苯基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-胺 | antalarmin | 157284-96-3 | C24H34N4 |
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N-丁基-N-(4-羟丁基)亚硝胺 | BBN | 3817-11-6 | C8H18N2O2 |
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N-丁基-N-(3-氯丙基)-1-丁胺盐酸盐 | 1-chloro-3-(di-n-butylamino)-propane hydrochloride | 115555-77-6 | C11H24ClN*ClH |
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N-丁基-8-羟基-5-甲基萘-1-磺酰胺 | N-butyl-8-hydroxy-5-methylnaphthalene-1-sulfonamide | 2970-26-5 | C15H19NO3S |
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N-丁基-4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺 | N-n-butyl-4-nitrophthalimide | 54395-37-8 | C12H12N2O4 |
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N-丁基-4-硝基苯胺 | N-butyl-4-nitroaniline | 58259-34-0 | C10H14N2O2 |
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N-丁基-2-(2-丁基-5-硫代四唑-1-基)乙酰胺 | N,N-Dibutyl-2-(5-thioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)acetamide | 168612-06-4 | C11H21N5OS |
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N-丁基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶胺 | 4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine | 36177-92-1 | C13H28N2 |
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N-丁亚基丁胺 | (butylidene)butylamine | 4853-56-9 | C8H17N |
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N-丁二酸S-乙酰基巯基乙二醇酯 | N-succinimidyl-S-acetylthioacetate | 76931-93-6 | C8H9NO5S |
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N-{[(4aR,4bS,6aS,7S,9aS,9bS,11aR)-4A,6A-二甲基-2-氧代-2,4A,4B,5,6,6A,7,8,9,9A,9B,10,11,11A-十四氢-1H-茚并[5,4-f]喹啉-7-基]羰基}-2-甲基丙氨酸 | finasteride-ω-oic acid | 116285-37-1 | C23H34N2O4 |
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N-{7-[(4-氨基丁基)氨基]庚基}-Nalpha-丁酰基-L-酪氨酰胺二盐酸盐 | Philanthotoxin 74 | 401601-12-5 | C24H44Cl2N4O3 |
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N-{1-[1-(4-氯苯基)环丁基]-3-甲基丁基}-甲酰胺 | N-{1-[1-(4-chlorophenylcyclobutyl)]-3-methylbuty}formamide | 84467-85-6 | C16H22ClNO |
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N-boc-3-溴-4-羟基-吡咯烷 | 4-bromo-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-ol | 1017782-17-0 | C9H16BrNO3 |
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N-boc-2-乙烯基吡咯烷 | tert-butyl 2-vinylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 176324-60-0 | C11H19NO2 |
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N-boc-2,6-二乙基-4-羰基哌啶 | tert-butyl (2R,6S)-2,6-diethyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylate | 1003843-30-8 | C14H25NO3 |
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N-boc-1-(4-哌啶基)-1,2-二氢-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-2-酮 | 1-(N-t-butyloxy-carbonyl-4-piperidinyl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-2(1H)-one | 162045-30-9 | C18H24N2O4 |
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N-[(2S,3S,4R)-1,3,4-三羟基十八烷-2-基]乙酰胺 | N-acetylphytosphingosine | 21830-28-4 | C20H41NO4 |
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N-[芴甲氧羰基]-2-甲基-D-缬氨酸 | (R)-N<sup>2</sup>-<(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxycarbonyl>-2-methylvaline | 616867-28-8 | C21H23NO4 |
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N-[叔-丁基氧羰基]-6-羟基-DL-正亮氨酸 | (D,L)-N-Boc-ε-hydroxynorleucine | 81505-64-8 | C11H21NO5 |
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N-[双(甲硫基)亚甲基]对甲苯磺酰胺 | N-[bis(methylthio)methylene]-p-toluenesulfonamide | 2651-15-2 | C10H13NO2S3 |
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N-[[3,7-双(二甲基氨基)-10H-吩噻嗪-10-基]羰基]甘氨酸单钠盐 | sodium salt of 10-(carboxymethylaminocarbonyl)-3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazine | 115871-18-6 | C19H21N4O3S*Na |
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N-[[2-[[(4-氰基苯基)氨基]甲基]-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-基]羰基]-N-2-吡啶基-beta-丙氨酸 | 3-({2-[(4-Cyano-phenylamino)-methyl]-1-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole-5-carbonyl}-pyridin-2-yl-amino)-propionic acid | 212322-77-5 | C25H22N6O3 |
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N-[[(2R)-4,4-二氟-2-吡咯烷基]甲基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl N-{[(2R)-4,4-difluoropyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}carbamate | 1407991-26-7 | C10H18F2N2O2 |
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N-[[(1-氧代十六烷基)氨基]甲基]硬脂酰胺 | N-(((1-Oxohexadecyl)amino)methyl)stearamide | 5136-48-1 | C35H70N2O2 |
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N-[N-[(苄氧基)羰基]-L-缬氨酰]-L-酪氨酰肼 | ZValTyrN2H3 | 5992-90-5 | C22H28N4O5 |
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N-[5-(4-溴苯基)-6-(2-羟基乙氧基)-4-嘧啶基]-N'-丙基氨基磺酰胺 | N-[5-(4-bromophenyl)-6-[2-hydroxyethoxy]-4-pyrimidinyl]-N-propylsulfamide | 1393813-43-8 | C15H19BrN4O4S |
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N-[4-硝基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]丙酰胺 | N-Propionyl-4-nitro-3-trifluormethyl-anilin | 13312-12-4 | C10H9F3N2O3 |
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N-[4-氰基-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-2-氧代丙酰胺 | N-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-oxopropanamide | 87310-69-8 | C11H7F3N2O2 |
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N-[4-氯-3-[4,5-二氢-5--氧代-1-(2,4,6-三氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-氨基]苯基]-2-(1-十八烯基)丁二酰亚胺 | 2,5-Pyrrolidinedione, 1-(4-chloro-3-((4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino)phenyl)-3-(1-octadecen-1-yl)- | 55697-65-9 | C37H46Cl4N4O3 |
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N-[4-[[4-氯-6-(5-甲基-2H-吡唑-3-氨基)嘧啶-2-基]磺酰基]苯基]氨基环丙羧酸 | N-[4-({4-chloro-6-[(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)amino]pyrimidin-2-yl}sulfanyl)phenyl]cyclopropane carboxamide | 639090-55-4 | C18H17ClN6OS |
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N-[4-[[(2-氨基-5-甲酰基-3,4,5,6,7,8-六氢-4-氧代-6-蝶啶基)甲基]氨基]苯甲酰基]-L-谷氨酸钠盐 | 42476-21-1 | C20H23N7NaO7 |
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N-[4-[(甲酰氨基)乙酰基]-5-羟基-2-苯氧基苯基]甲烷磺酰胺 | N-[4-(2-formylaminoacetyl)-5-hydroxy-2-phenoxyphenyl]methanesulfonamide | 149457-03-4 | C16H16N2O6S |
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N-[4-[(4-乙基-1-哌嗪基)甲基]-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-4-甲基-3-(1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-4-基氧基)苯甲酰胺 | NG25 | 1315355-93-1 | C29H30F3N5O2 |
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N-[4-(苄氧基)-3-硫苯基]乙酰胺 | 2-Benzyloxy-5-acetaminobenzenethiol | 887352-92-3 | C15H15NO2S |
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N-[4-(哌啶-1-基磺酰基)苯基]乙酰胺 | N-[4-(piperidin-1-sulfonyl)phenyl]acetamide | 5702-82-9 | C13H18N2O3S |
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N-[4-(4-氟苯基)-6-(1-甲基乙基)-5-[(1E)-3-氧代-1-丙烯基]-2-嘧啶基]-N-甲基-甲烷磺酰胺 | (E)-N-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-isopropyl-5-(3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-N-methyl methanesulfoneamide | 890028-66-7 | C18H20FN3O3S |
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N-[4-(2-苯并咪唑基)苯基]马来酰亚胺 | N-[p-(2-benzimidazolyl)phenyl]maleimide | 27030-97-3 | C17H11N3O2 |
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N-[4-(2-甲氧基苯氧基)苯基磺酰基]-DL-缬氨酸 | N-([4-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)phenyl]sulfonyl)valine | 1240405-74-6 | C18H21NO6S |
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N-[4-(2-氯乙酰基)苯基]甲磺酰胺 | N-[4-(chloroacetyl)phenyl]methanesulfonamide | 64488-52-4 | C9H10ClNO3S |
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N-[4-(2-氯丙酰基)苯基]乙酰胺 | N-(4-(2-chloropropanoyl)phenyl)acetamide | 81112-08-5 | C11H12ClNO2 |
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N-[4-(1-萘基)苯基]-[1,1'-联苯]-4-胺 | N-(4-(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine | 897921-59-4 | C28H21N |
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N-[4-(-羧基环己基甲基)]马来酰胺酸 | 4-[(3-Carboxyprop-2-enoylamino)methyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid | 72748-87-9 | C12H17NO5 |
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N-[3-[[[4,5-二氢-5-羰基-1-(2,4,6-三氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基]氨基]羰基]苯基]-N2-(2-甲基丙酰)-N2-十八烷基-DL-天冬酰胺 | [2-[1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-phenylethoxy]propyl]dimethylammonium dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate | 5964-37-4 | C25H32ClNO8 |
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N-[3-[[(1,1-二甲基乙氧基)羰基]氨基]丙基]-N-[(9H-芴-9-基甲氧基)羰基]-甘氨酸 | N-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-N-(5-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)propyl)glycine | 143192-31-8 | C25H30N2O6 |
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N-[3-(氨基甲基)苄基]氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | 1-(N-Boc-aminomethyl)-3-(aminomethyl)benzene | 108467-99-8 | C13H20N2O2 |
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