有机原料主要包括以石油和天然气为原料的石油化工,粮食发酵制酒精或溶剂业,煤气化后的原料气以及煤干馏回收的煤焦油制成的各种有机化工产品。在我国,早期发展主要依赖于以煤产电石生成乙炔路线、煤气化合成甲醇和甲醛路线、回收煤焦油中的苯、萘、蒽等化合物,以及利用粮食发酵蒸馏制得酒精。
基本有机化工所用的主要直接原料有:氢气、一氧化碳、脂肪烃类(如甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、丙烯及C4以上的脂肪烃)、芳香烃类(如苯、甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯)等。从原油、石油馏分或低碳烷烃的裂解气、炼厂气以及煤气中,可以分离出用于不同目的的脂肪烃原料;通过催化重整的重整汽油、烃类裂解的裂解汽油以及煤干馏的煤焦油中的芳烃原料;适当的石油馏分也可直接用作某些产品的原料;从湿性天然气可分离出甲烷以外的其他低碳烷烃;通过煤气化和天然气、炼厂气或石油馏分的部分氧化,可以制得合成气;由焦炭制得的碳化钙或天然气、石脑油裂解均可获得乙炔。此外,还可以利用农林副产品作为原料。
有机原料的应用范围广泛,主要可分为三个方面:一是用于生产高分子化工产品的原料,即聚合反应单体;二是用于其他有机化学工业,包括精细化工产品的原料;三是用于溶剂、冷冻剂、防冻剂和气体吸附剂等。基本有机化工是发展各种有机化学品的基础,在现代工业结构中占据重要地位。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
4-苄基-2-吗啉甲酸盐酸盐 | 4-benzyl-2-morpholinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride | 135072-15-0 | C12H15NO3*ClH |
|
4-苄基-2-(氯甲基)吗啉 | N-benzyl-2-chloromethylmorpholine | 40987-25-5 | C12H16ClNO |
|
4-苄乙氧基羰基甲基氨基-丁酸乙酯 | 4-[benzyl(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)amino]butyric acid ethyl ester | 63876-32-4 | C17H25NO4 |
|
4-芘甲醛 | pyrene-1-carbaldehyde | 22245-51-8 | C17H10O |
|
4-膦酰丁酸三乙酯 | ethyl 4-(diethoxyphosphoryl)butanoate | 2327-69-7 | C10H21O5P |
|
4-脱氟-2-氟氟哌啶醇 | 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-1-(2-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one | 1391052-53-1 | C21H23ClFNO2 |
|
4-胺苯氧基乙酸 | 4-aminophenoxyacetic acid | 2298-36-4 | C8H9NO3 |
|
4-胺基-1-异丙基-1H-吡唑 | 1-isopropyl-1H-pyrazol-4-amine | 97421-16-4 | C6H11N3 |
|
4-肼基苯磺酸 | 4-hydrazino-benzenesulfonic acid | 98-71-5 | C6H8N2O3S |
|
4-肼基苯甲酸甲酯盐酸盐 | methyl 4-hydrazinylbenzoate hydrochloride | 6296-89-5 | C8H10N2O2*ClH |
|
4-肼基苯甲酸 | 4-Hydrazinobenzoic acid | 619-67-0 | C7H8N2O2 |
|
4-肼基噻吩[2,3-d]嘧啶 | thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ylhydrazine | 14080-58-1 | C6H6N4S |
|
4-肼基喹啉盐酸盐 | 4-hydrazinoquinoline hydrochloride | 68500-41-4 | C9H9N3*ClH |
|
4-肼基喹啉 | 4-Hydrazinochinolin | 15793-93-8 | C9H9N3 |
|
4-肼基哌啶-1-羧酸苄酯双盐酸盐 | benzyl 4-hydrazinylpiperidine-1-carboxylate hydrochloride | 916831-70-4 | C13H19N3O2*ClH |
|
4-肼基吡啶盐酸盐 | 4-hydrazinopyridine hydrochloride | 20815-52-5 | C5H7N3*ClH |
|
4-肼基-8-甲基喹啉 | 4-hydrazino-8-methyl-quinoline | 68500-35-6 | C10H11N3 |
|
4-肼基-7-甲基喹啉 | 7-Methyl-chinol-4-ylhydrazin | 68500-34-5 | C10H11N3 |
|
4-肼基-2-甲基喹啉 | 4-hydrazino-2-methylquinoline | 49612-00-2 | C10H11N3 |
|
4-肼基-1-甲基哌啶 | 1-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)hydrazine | 51304-64-4 | C6H15N3 |
|
4-肼吡啶 | 4-pyridylhydrazine | 27256-91-3 | C5H7N3 |
|
4-肉桂酰胺基苯甲酸 | 4-{[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]amino}benzoic acid | 54057-59-9 | C16H13NO3 |
|
4-联苯硼酸MIDA酯(含数量不等的酸酐) | 4-biphenylboronic acid MIDA ester | 1262967-24-7 | C17H16BNO4 |
|
4-联苯基羧酸肼 | 4-phenylbenzohydrazide | 18622-23-6 | C13H12N2O |
|
4-联苯基甲酰氨 | biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid amide | 3815-20-1 | C13H11NO |
|
4-羰基环己羧酸 | 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylic acid | 874-61-3 | C7H10O3 |
|
4-羧基苯肼盐酸盐 | 4-hydrazinobenzoic acid hydrochloride | 24589-77-3 | C7H8N2O2*ClH |
|
4-羧基苯氧乙酸 | 4-carboxymethoxy-benzoic acid | 19360-67-9 | C9H8O5 |
|
4-羧基苯并环丁烯 | benzocyclobutene 4-carboxylic acid | 875-94-5 | C9H6O2 |
|
4-羧基-9-茚酮 | 9-Oxoacridan-4-carboxylic acid | 24782-64-7 | C14H9NO3 |
|
4-羧基-3-氟苯硼酸 | 4-(dihydroxyboranyl)-2-fluorobenzoic acid | 120153-08-4 | C7H6BFO4 |
|
4-羧基-3-氟苯基硼酸频哪醇酯 | 2-fluoro-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid | 867256-77-7 | C13H16BFO4 |
|
4-羧基-2-硝基苯硼酸 | (4-carboxy-2-nitro phenyl)dihydroxy borane | 85107-54-6 | C7H6BNO6 |
|
4-羧基-2-氟苯硼酸 | 4-borono-3-fluorobenzoic acid | 851335-07-4 | C7H6BFO4 |
|
4-羧丁基三苯基溴化膦 | (4-carboxybutyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide | 17814-85-6 | Br*C23H24O2P |
|
4-羟甲基苯并环丁烯 | 4-hydroxymethylbenzocyclobutene | 53076-11-2 | C9H8O |
|
4-羟甲基苯基三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyltrifluoroborate | 1015082-78-6 | C7H7BF3KO |
|
4-羟甲基环己酮 | 4-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexanone | 38580-68-6 | C7H12O2 |
|
4-羟甲基噻唑 | 1,3-thiazol-4-ylmethanol | 7036-04-6 | C4H5NOS |
|
4-羟甲基咪唑盐酸盐 | 4-hydroxymethyl-1H-imidazole hydrochloride | 32673-41-9 | C4H6N2O*ClH |
|
4-羟甲基-5-甲基咪唑 | 4(5)-methyl-5(4)-hydroxymethylimidazole | 29636-87-1 | C5H8N2O |
|
4-羟甲基-3-硝基苯甲酸 | 4-(hydroxymethyl)-3-nitrobenzoic acid | 82379-38-2 | C8H7NO5 |
|
4-羟基黄烷酮 | 4'-hydroxyflavone | 4143-63-9 | C15H10O3 |
|
4-羟基酮替芬 | 4-hydroxy-4-(1-methyl-4-piperidyl)-9,10-dihydro-4H-benzo<4,5>cyclohepta<1,2-b>thiopene-10-one | 126939-27-3 | C19H21NO2S |
|
4-羟基苯磺酸铵 | 4-hydroxy-benzenesulfonic acid ; ammonium salt | 5328-97-2 | C6H6O4S*H3N |
|
4-羟基苯磺酸 | p-hydoroxybenzenesulfonic acid | 98-67-9 | C6H6O4S |
|
4-羟基苯磺酰胺 | 4-hydroxybenzenesulphonamide | 1576-43-8 | C6H7NO3S |
|
4-羟基苯磺酰氯 | 4-hydroxybenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride | 4025-67-6 | C6H5ClO3S |
|
4-羟基苯甲酸钠 | 114-63-6 | C7H6NaO3 |
|
|
4-羟基苯甲腈 | 4-cyanophenol | 767-00-0 | C7H5NO |
|